Download or read book Strategic Workload and the Cognitive Management of Advanced Multi task Systems written by Marilyn Jager Adams and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved technology and automation are being advocated as the solution to problems of lagging productivity and human error. However, the very technology that is sought to improve productivity and reduce human crewmember's workload often has the opposite effect. An alternative is human-centered automation that aids and supports the human crewmember. To design it requires an expanded view of workload as a strategic task management problem, contrasted with the more traditional view of workload as competition for a limited pool of processing resources at any one time. We introduce a theoretical framework for understanding human cognitive processing that builds on active theories of perception, connectionist theories of associative knowledge structures, and schema theories of comprehension. The framework addresses mechanisms of attention, situation awareness, and real-time management of multiple streams of activity.
Download or read book Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-07-31 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.
Download or read book Workload Transition written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Workload transition is a potentially crucial problem in work situations wherein operators are faced with abrupt changes in task demands. People involved include military combat personnel, air-traffic controllers, medical personnel in emergency rooms, and long-distance drivers. They must be able to respond efficiently to sudden increases in workload imposed by a failure, crisis, or other, often unexpected, event. This book provides a systematic evaluation of workload transition. It focuses on a broad spectrum of activities ranging from team cooperation to the maintenance of this problem on a theoretical level and offers several practical solutions.
Download or read book A Cognitive Framework for Battlefield Commanders Situation Assessment written by Marvin S. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Models of Risks to Infrastructure written by D. Skanata and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007-08-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication deals with modeling of infrastructure risk. The objective, exploring different methodologies and related applications, recognized four major topics: Complex Models; Simulation Models; Distributional Models; and Deterministic Models. Focus is on the following issues: the state-of-the-art and practice, gaps between the arts and practices, ways to bridge the gaps, and future research directions. In the first chapter, papers can be found on Computational Nonlinear Models of Risk Assessment, Risk-Based Evaluation of Safety and Security Programs in Critical Infrastructure and Risk Assessment of Modes of Terrorist Attack. One of the papers in the chapter on Simulation Models is on Computational Models for the Simulation of Evacuations following Infrastructure Failures and Terrorist Incidents. Bayesian Belief Nets for Discrete and Continuous Variables and Development of Risk Based Software for Analysis of Power Engineering Accidents are two titles of papers in the third chapter of the book on Distributional Models. Finally, the fourth chapter on Deterministic Models focuses on Environmental Risk Ranking and more.
Download or read book Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics written by Gavriel Salvendy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 1754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics has been completely revised and updated. This includes all existing third edition chapters plus new chapters written to cover new areas. These include the following subjects: Managing low-back disorder risk in the workplace Online interactivity Neuroergonomics Office ergonomics Social networking HF&E in motor vehicle transportation User requirements Human factors and ergonomics in aviation Human factors in ambient intelligent environments As with the earlier editions, the main purpose of this handbook is to serve the needs of the human factors and ergonomics researchers, practitioners, and graduate students. Each chapter has a strong theory and scientific base, but is heavily focused on real world applications. As such, a significant number of case studies, examples, figures, and tables are included to aid in the understanding and application of the material covered.
Download or read book Applied Attention Theory written by Christopher D. Wickens and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Attention Theory, Second Edition provides details concerning the relevance of all aspects of attention to the world beyond the laboratory. Topic application areas include the design of warning systems to capture attention; attention distractions in the workplace; failures of dividing attention while driving; and the measurement of mental workload while flying. This new edition discusses the implications of VR and AR for human attention. It also covers the treatment of attention-based pedagogical methods used to enhance learning and presents attentional issues in interacting with automation and AI. New chapters include applications of attention to healthcare, education pedagogy, highway safety, and human interaction with autonomous vehicles and other AI systems. The readership for this book is the professional, the researcher, and the student.
Download or read book Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics written by Don Harris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of two edited volumes from an international group of researchers and specialists, which together comprise the edited proceedings of the First International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, organized by Cranfield College of Aeronautics at Stratford-upon-Avon, England in October 1996. The applications areas include aerospace and other transportation, human-computer interaction, process control and training technology. Topics addressed include: the design of control and display systems; human perception, error, reliability, information processing, and human perception, error, reliability, information processing, and awareness, skill acquisition and retention; techniques for evaluating human-machine systems and the physiological correlates of performance. This volume covers Human Factors in transportation systems. Part One opens with a chapter by Chris Wickens on attentional issues in head-up displays; its concluding chapter by Peter Jorna, pulls together the Human Factors issues in air traffic management from both the pilot‘s and the air traffic controller‘s perspectives. Part Two considers the ground-based aspects to air traffic control, while Part Three emphasizes the psychology of the individual. The opening chapter of Part Four uses lessons learned from aviation to avoid similar mistakes in road vehicles. The final part contains topics such as naval command and control, and automation in trains and armoured fighting vehicles.
Download or read book Situational Awareness written by Eduardo Salas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situational awareness has become an increasingly salient factor contributing to flight safety and operational performance, and the research has burgeoned to cope with the human performance challenges associated with the installation of advanced avionics systems in modern aircraft. The systematic study and application of situational awareness has also extended beyond the cockpit to include air traffic controllers and personnel operating within other complex, high consequence work domains. This volume offers a collection of essays that have made important contributions to situational awareness research and practice. To this end, it provides unique access to key readings that address the conceptual development of situational awareness, methods for its assessment, and applications to enhance situational awareness through training and design.
Download or read book Human Error in Aviation written by R.Key Dismukes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most aviation accidents are attributed to human error, pilot error especially. Human error also greatly effects productivity and profitability. In his overview of this collection of papers, the editor points out that these facts are often misinterpreted as evidence of deficiency on the part of operators involved in accidents. Human factors research reveals a more accurate and useful perspective: The errors made by skilled human operators - such as pilots, controllers, and mechanics - are not root causes but symptoms of the way industry operates. The papers selected for this volume have strongly influenced modern thinking about why skilled experts make errors and how to make aviation error resilient.
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors 3 Volume Set written by Informa Healthcare and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-14 with total page 1980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first encyclopedia in the field, the International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors provides a comprehensive and authoritative compendium of current knowledge on ergonomics and human factors. It gives specific information on concepts and tools unique to ergonomics. About 500 entries, published in three volumes and on CD-ROM, are pre
Download or read book Display and Interface Design written by Kevin B. Bennett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-09 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reason that good interfaces are few and far between is really quite simple: they are extremely difficult to design and build properly. While there are many books available that address display design, most of them focus on aesthetic principles but lack scientific rigor, or are descriptive but not prescriptive. This book elucidates an overarching framework for design that can be applied to the broad spectrum of existing domains. The authors delineate analytical tools and principles of design that are general and powerful, but very abstract, accompanied by concrete examples of their use in a variety of domains of application. The book includes access to a web site containing examples of the dynamic properties of displays.
Download or read book Methods for Training Cognitive Skills in Battlefield Situation Assessment written by Jared T. Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situation assessment provides the basis for decisions by battlefield commanders and their staff during both planning and operations. In previous work, we developed a framework for battlefield commanders' situation assessment from interviews with active-duty command staff and from published work in cognitive psychology. The present report describes methods for training cognitive skills in situation assessment based on that framework. Two training methods have been developed, both of which focus on metacognitive skills involved in verifying and improving assessments and plans. The first method helps officers find and assess the reliability of hidden assumptions. It includes a devils' advocate technique that forces officers to imagine that their assessment is wrong and to explain why, as well as techniques for handling potential problems that are found. The second method helps officers find and resolve conflicting evidence. It includes techniques for trying to explain the conflicting data in terms of the current assessment, evaluating the plausibility of the explanations, and generating alternative assessments. The training techniques have been experimentally tested with active-duty officers, and the results of that testing are described in a companion report.
Download or read book Investigating Interruptions Implications for Flightdeck Performance written by Kara A. Latorella and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Aviation Psychology written by Pamela S. Tsang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering field history and discussing actual modern-day pilot actions and tasks, the editors of this volume have integrated contributions from leaders in aviation to present psychological principles and research pertinent to the interface between a pilot and the cockpit. The book addresses the pilot‘s cognitive demands, capabilities, and limitations, which have important implications for operator selection and training as well as display/control designs in the cockpit. It emphasizes scientific methods of achieving this understanding and implies that theories and principles of human behavior are shaped and improved by practical problems and applied studies.
