Download or read book Strategic Currency Choice in International Trade written by Maria Sokolova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How exporters choose currency for their exports? Using highly disaggregated data on the population of Russian Federation exporting firms between 2005 and 2009 this paper studies the strategic determinants of currency invoicing decisions. Strategic morives embrace two occurrences in currency choice: firstly, the realisation of bargaining powers of the seller and the buyer, where I perform a novel firm-level test. Notably, in contrast to the micro and macro determinants, bargaining powers are found to have different effect on currency choice at the aggregate and firm level. On the industry level, higher bargaining power of the participating countries lessens the reliance on “vehicle” currency and increases the probability of use of the trading partners' currencies, whereas the increase of the firm level bargaining power increases the probability of application of the vehicle currency. This indicates that the firm-level dimension should be taken into account when making inferences on currency denomination. Secondly, strategic currency choice determinants include competition-enhanced characteristics of international trade: the novel evidence suggests the firm-level currency choice “mimicking” between the firms and the preference of vehicle currency for the relatively cheaper goods. The robustness of these results is tested among the subsamples of heterogeneous exporters sizes and I find that the expansion of the bilateral trading partners' currencies usage is mostly sourced from the smaller exporters. On the whole, the results of this paper support the “bargaining over invoicing” theory, which indicates that increases in firms' export size change the buyer's and seller's preferences over currency invoicing.

Download or read book Dominant Currency Paradigm A New Model for Small Open Economies written by Camila Casas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.

Download or read book Inside the Currency Market written by Brian Twomey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-04 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete resource to trading today's currency market Currency movements are impacted by a variety of factors, including interest rates, trade balances, inflation levels, monetary and fiscal policies, and the political climate. Traders use both fundamental data and a variety of technical tools to trade within this market. Inside the Currency Market describes both the underlying dynamics that drive this market and the strategies that can help you capture consistent profits in it. Page by page, this reliable guide skillfully discusses the structure of the market, its roles in the global economy, the forces that drive currency values, trading strategies, and tactics. It also offers a detailed understanding of how global financial flows, derivatives, and other markets such as oil and gold impact currencies. Along the way, author and professor Brian Twomey provides information on gathering and analyzing global financial data so that traders can gain a "big-picture" perspective when attempting to identify trades. Explains virtually every element of the market and can function as a desk reference that puts everyday events into context for traders Fundamentally driven trades based on interest rate differentials and trade imbalances are discussed, as well as technical trades involving chart patterns, trends, and trading ranges Each chapter contains questions and answers to help readers master the material The currency market continues to generate interest and attract new retail traders due to the many opportunities available within it. This book will show you how to successfully operate within this arena by making the most informed trading decisions possible.

Download or read book A Theory of the Currency Denomination of International Trade written by Philippe Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nominal rigidities due to menu costs have become a standard element in closed economy macroeconomic modeling. The 'New Open Economy Macroeconomics' literature has investigated the implications of nominal rigidities in an open economy context and found that the currency in which prices are set has significant implications for exchange rate pass-through to import prices, the level of trade and net capital flows, and optimal monetary and exchange rate policy. While the literature has exogenously assumed in which currencies goods are priced, in this paper we solve for the equilibrium optimal pricing strategies of firms. We find that the higher the market share of an exporting country in an industry, and the more differentiated its goods, the more likely its exporters will price in the exporter's currency. Country size and the cyclicality of real wages play a role as well, but are empirically less important. We also show that when a set of countries forms a monetary union, the new currency is likely to be used more extensively in trade than the sum of the currencies it replaces.

Download or read book The Invoicing Currency Choice in International Trade written by Seyhan Aygul and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Export Savvy written by Zak Karamally and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exporting is a dynamic area of commerce that is often misunderstood. However, it takes know-how to gain a profit. Export Savvy: From Basics to Strategy explains export management in its full context from the concepts of international trade to the key elements that influence and comprise its effectiveness. This understanding will help you make better decisions so you can maximize your potential in international markets. Export Savvy is a comprehensive book that fills in the gaps left by other books on this subject. While these books concentrate on the mundane tools and techniques of exporting, Export Savvy relates the export experience to the totality of the commercial experience. The “foreignness” of exporting is framed in familiar notions enabling you to conceive or create an export program that is uniquely your own. In simple language, this innovative book breaks exporting down into ten easy-to-understand aspects: the concepts and “economics” of international trade the perspective and influence of governments tariffs and other impediments to the export transaction the impact of foreign currencies methods of payment and collection the physical movement of goods to the customer controls imposed on exports for national security and other national policy reasons cultural barriers and related considerations the uniqueness of marketing beyond one's national boundaries the legal environment and issues affecting the exporter With the proven knowledge in Export Savvy, you can make exporting an extension of your domestic business experience. You will feel free to approach exporting confidently and strategically to maximize your profits in this important area of business. Visit the book's website at http://www.exportsavvy.com

Download or read book Dominant Currency Pricing written by Minkyu Son and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English Abstract: Using product-level data for Korean exports from 2000 to 2021, this paper examines the determinants of invoicing currency in international trade. We obtain robust evidence of the two underlying motives in export currency choice. First is strategic complementarities. Korean exports tend to be invoiced in a currency that is predominantly used by competitors in the market. Second is real hedging. Industries that rely on imported inputs denominated in a certain currency are more likely to invoice their exports in the currency of importing. These two channels would serve to maintain the Dominant Currency Pricing (DCP), in which just few currencies such as the US dollar play an outsized role in global trade. To further document the role of these two motives, we conduct a novel event study on the establishment of a direct foreign exchange market for the Korean won and the Chinese renminbi in 2014. The direct foreign exchange market stimulated renminbi invoicing among Korean exports, particularly more to destinations with high market shares of Chinese exporters, and more from Korean industries relying on renminbi-denominated imported inputs. Finally, as a key implication of invoicing currency, we confirm its close link with the degree of exchange rate pass-through. The destination prices of Korean exports are more sensitive to the dollar-destination currency exchange rate than the exchange rate between trading partners, due to its high reliance on dollars in export invoicing.

Download or read book Global Trade and the Dollar written by Ms.Emine Boz and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We document that the U.S. dollar exchange rate drives global trade prices and volumes. Using a newly constructed data set of bilateral price and volume indices for more than 2,500 country pairs, we establish the following facts: 1) The dollar exchange rate quantitatively dominates the bilateral exchange rate in price pass-through and trade elasticity regressions. U.S. monetary policy induced dollar fluctuations have high pass-through into bilateral import prices. 2) Bilateral non-commodities terms of trade are essentially uncorrelated with bilateral exchange rates. 3) The strength of the U.S. dollar is a key predictor of rest-of-world aggregate trade volume and consumer/producer price inflation. A 1 percent U.S. dollar appreciation against all other currencies in the world predicts a 0.6–0.8 percent decline within a year in the volume of total trade between countries in the rest of the world, controlling for the global business cycle. 4) Using a novel Bayesian semiparametric hierarchical panel data model, we estimate that the importing country’s share of imports invoiced in dollars explains 15 percent of the variance of dollar pass-through/elasticity across country pairs. Our findings strongly support the dominant currency paradigm as opposed to the traditional Mundell-Fleming pricing paradigms.

Download or read book The Emergence of the Euro as an International Currency written by George Alogoskoufis and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union will enter Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999. The development of euro financial markets and thickness externalities in the use of the euro as a means of payment will be the major factors determining the importance of the euro as an international currency. As euro securities markets become deeper and more liquid and transactions costs fall, euro assets will become more attractive, and the use of the euro as a vehicle currency will expand; the two effects interact, as we demonstrate. We use a three-region world model as a framework for alternative steady-state scenarios. With forex and securities market data, we assess the plausibility of those scenarios and the implications for economic efficiency (welfare). We find that the euro may take on some of the current roles of the dollar. The welfare analysis reveals potential quantitatively significant benefits for the euro area, at the cost of the US and (to a lesser degree) Japan.

Download or read book Currency Conflict and Trade Policy written by C. Fred Bergsten and published by Peterson Institute for International Economics. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conflicts over currency valuations are a recurrent feature of the modern global economy. To strengthen their international competitiveness, many countries resort to buying foreign currencies to make their exports cheaper and their imports more expensive. In the first decade of the 21st century, for example, China’s currency manipulation practices were so flagrant that they produced a backlash in the United States and other trading partners, prompting threats of retaliation and reactions against trade agreements and globalization more broadly. This book by C. Fred Bergsten and Joseph E. Gagnon—two leading experts on trade, investment, and the effects of currency manipulation—is an indispensable guide to a complex and serious problem and what might be done to solve it.

Download or read book Micro Macro and Strategic Forces in International Trade Invoicing written by Linda S. Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The use of different currencies in the invoicing of international trade transactions plays a major role in the international transmission of economic fluctuations. Existing studies argue that an exporter's invoicing choice reflects structural aspects of her industry, such as market share and the price-sensitivity of demand, the hedging of marginal costs, due for instance to the use of imported inputs, and macroeconomic volatility. We use a new highly disaggregated dataset to assess the roles of the various invoicing determinants. We find support for the factors identified in the literature, and document a new feature, in the form of a link between shipments size and invoicing. Specifically, larger transactions are more likely to be invoiced in the importer's currency. We offer a potential theoretical explanation for the empirical link between transaction size and invoicing by allowing invoicing to be set through a bargaining between exporters and importers, a feature that is absent from existing models despite its empirical relevance

Download or read book FX Option Performance written by Jessica James and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the little known – yet crucial – facts about FX options Daily turnover in FX options is an estimated U.S. $ 207 billion, but many fundamental facts about this huge and liquid market are generally unknown. FX Option Performance provides the information practitioners need to be more effective in the market, with detailed, specific guidance. This book is a unique and practical guide to option trading, with the courage to report how much these contracts have really made or lost. Breaking free from the typical focus on theories and generalities, this book gets specific – travelling back in history to show exactly how options performed in different markets and thereby helping investors and hedgers alike make more informed decisions. Not overly technical, the rigorous approach remains accessible to anyone with an interest in the area, showing investors where to look for value and helping corporations hedge their FX exposures. FX Option Performance begins with a quick and practical introduction to the FX option market, then provides specific advice toward structures, performance, rate fluctuation, and trading strategies. Examine the historical payoffs to the most popular and liquidly traded options Learn which options are overvalued and which are undervalued Discover surprising, generally unpublished facts about emerging markets Examine systemic option trading strategies to find what works and what doesn't On average, do options result in profit, loss, or breaking even? How can corporations more cost-effectively hedge their exposure to emerging markets? Are cheap out-of-the-money options worth it?

Download or read book Exchange Rate Theory and Practice written by John F. Bilson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume grew out of a National Bureau of Economic Research conference on exchange rates held in Bellagio, Italy, in 1982. In it, the world's most respected international monetary economists discuss three significant new views on the economics of exchange rates - Rudiger Dornbusch's overshooting model, Jacob Frenkel's and Michael Mussa's asset market variants, and Pentti Kouri's current account/portfolio approach. Their papers test these views with evidence from empirical studies and analyze a number of exchange rate policies in use today, including those of the European Monetary System.

Download or read book Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment written by Gustavo Adler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extensive use of the US dollar when firms set prices for international trade (dubbed dominant currency pricing) and in their funding (dominant currency financing) has come to the forefront of policy debate, raising questions about how exchange rates work and the benefits of exchange rate flexibility. This Staff Discussion Note documents these features of international trade and finance and explores their implications for how exchange rates can help external rebalancing and buffer macroeconomic shocks.

Download or read book A Handbook of World Trade written by Jonathan Reuvid and published by GMB Publishing, Limited. This book was released on 2004 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Offers some real gems... compelling reading." -- International Trade Today* Fully updated to include the implications of the latest round of WTO talks in Cancun in September 2003* Includes tables of patterns of world trade, and a global directory of the principal trade agencies, trade finance banks, shipping agencies, trade research and information sources* Published in association with The International Chamber of Commerce, and including contributions from leading consultancies, law firms and practitioners including Deloitte & Touche, and Clyde and Co * Of interest to corporate strategists, consultants and financiers, CEOs, financial directors, senior executives in exports and imports, postgraduate business students and academics.With the development of the WTO and the irresistible drive to liberalize world trade, international trade strategy has become a key element of forward corporate planning for businesses worldwide. This unique book, fully revised to include the latest implications from the WTO meeting in Cancun in September 2003, provides a guide for business practitioners and advisers to review their companies' international trade strategies and current activities. It is an authoritative reference source for anyone needing to understand the framework and mechanics of world trade. Contributors include George Curmi, banker and international trade consultant, and Derrick Edwards, a leading expert in the technology of foreign exchange transaction.

Download or read book International Business Concept Environment and Strategy written by Vyuptakesh Sharan and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2010 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Business: Concept, Environment and Strategy is written in a pragmatic way leaning towards managerial aspects, thus encouraging students to explore international business as a career choice. It deals with the latest topics and development which we are witnessing around the globe. It attempts to impart the core body of knowledge in international business in an interesting and lively manner. This text not only describes the ideas of international business but it also uses contemporary examples, scenarios, and cases to help students effectively put theory into practice.

Download or read book Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows Some New Evidence written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-05-19 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL