Download or read book Stochastic Transport in Complex Systems written by Andreas Schadschneider and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of the book provides a pedagogical introduction to the physics of complex systems driven far from equilibrium. In this part we discuss the basic concepts and theoretical techniques which are commonly used to study classical stochastic transport in systems of interacting driven particles. The analytical techniques include mean-field theories, matrix product ansatz, renormalization group, etc. and the numerical methods are mostly based on computer simulations. In the second part of the book these concepts and techniques are applied not only to vehicular traffic but also to transport and traffic-like phenomena in living systems ranging from collective movements of social insects (for example, ants) on trails to intracellular molecular motor transport. These demonstrate the conceptual unity of the fundamental principles underlying the apparent diversity of the systems and the utility of the theoretical toolbox of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in interdisciplinary research far beyond the traditional disciplinary boundaries of physics. Leading industry experts provide a broad overview of the interdisciplinary nature of physics Presents unified descriptions of intracellular, ant, and vehicular traffic from a physics point of view Applies theoretical methods in practical everyday situations Reference and guide for physicists, engineers and graduate students

Download or read book Stochastic Dynamics Out of Equilibrium written by Giambattista Giacomin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stemming from the IHP trimester "Stochastic Dynamics Out of Equilibrium", this collection of contributions focuses on aspects of nonequilibrium dynamics and its ongoing developments. It is common practice in statistical mechanics to use models of large interacting assemblies governed by stochastic dynamics. In this context "equilibrium" is understood as stochastically (time) reversible dynamics with respect to a prescribed Gibbs measure. Nonequilibrium dynamics correspond on the other hand to irreversible evolutions, where fluxes appear in physical systems, and steady-state measures are unknown. The trimester, held at the Institut Henri Poincaré (IHP) in Paris from April to July 2017, comprised various events relating to three domains (i) transport in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics; (ii) the design of more efficient simulation methods; (iii) life sciences. It brought together physicists, mathematicians from many domains, computer scientists, as well as researchers working at the interface between biology, physics and mathematics. The present volume is indispensable reading for researchers and Ph.D. students working in such areas.

Download or read book Stochastic Processes in Cell Biology written by Paul C. Bressloff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops the theory of continuous and discrete stochastic processes within the context of cell biology. In the second edition the material has been significantly expanded, particularly within the context of nonequilibrium and self-organizing systems. Given the amount of additional material, the book has been divided into two volumes, with volume I mainly covering molecular processes and volume II focusing on cellular processes. A wide range of biological topics are covered in the new edition, including stochastic ion channels and excitable systems, molecular motors, stochastic gene networks, genetic switches and oscillators, epigenetics, normal and anomalous diffusion in complex cellular environments, stochastically-gated diffusion, active intracellular transport, signal transduction, cell sensing, bacterial chemotaxis, intracellular pattern formation, cell polarization, cell mechanics, biological polymers and membranes, nuclear structure and dynamics, biological condensates, molecular aggregation and nucleation, cellular length control, cell mitosis, cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoneme-based morphogenesis, bacterial growth, and quorum sensing. The book also provides a pedagogical introduction to the theory of stochastic and nonequilibrium processes – Fokker Planck equations, stochastic differential equations, stochastic calculus, master equations and jump Markov processes, birth-death processes, Poisson processes, first passage time problems, stochastic hybrid systems, queuing and renewal theory, narrow capture and escape, extreme statistics, search processes and stochastic resetting, exclusion processes, WKB methods, large deviation theory, path integrals, martingales and branching processes, numerical methods, linear response theory, phase separation, fluctuation-dissipation theorems, age-structured models, and statistical field theory. This text is primarily aimed at graduate students and researchers working in mathematical biology, statistical and biological physicists, and applied mathematicians interested in stochastic modeling. Applied probabilists should also find it of interest. It provides significant background material in applied mathematics and statistical physics, and introduces concepts in stochastic and nonequilibrium processes via motivating biological applications. The book is highly illustrated and contains a large number of examples and exercises that further develop the models and ideas in the body of the text. It is based on a course that the author has taught at the University of Utah for many years.

Download or read book Stochastic Evolutions of Dynamic Traffic Flow written by Xiqun (Michael) Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals the underlying mechanisms of complexity and stochastic evolutions of traffic flows. Using Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements, the authors propose lognormal headway/spacing/velocity distributions and subsequently develop a Markov car-following model to describe drivers’ random choices concerning headways/spacings, putting forward a stochastic fundamental diagram model for wide scattering flow-density points. In the context of highway onramp bottlenecks, the authors present a traffic flow breakdown probability model and spatial-temporal queuing model to improve the stability and reliability of road traffic flows. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of transportation engineering and civil engineering.

Download or read book Stochastic Transport Processes in Discrete Biological Systems written by Eckart Frehland and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These notes are in part based on a course for advanced students in the applications of stochastic processes held in 1978 at the University of Konstanz. These notes contain the results of re cent studies on the stochastic description of ion transport through biological membranes. In particular, they serve as an introduction to an unified theory of fluctuations in complex biological transport systems. We emphasize that the subject of this volume is not to introduce the mathematics of stochastic processes but to present a field of theoretical biophysics in which stochastic methods are important. In the last years the study of membrane noise has become an important method in biophysics. Valuable information on the ion transport mechanisms in membranes can be obtained from noise analysis. A number of different processes such as the opening and closing of ion channels have been shown to be sources of the measured current or voltage fluctuations. Bio logical 'transport systems can be complex. For example, the transport process can be coupled to other processes such as chemical reactions and take place in discontinuous structures of molecular dimensions. Furthermore, since there are strong electric fields or high concentration gradients across biological membranes ion transport processes of biological relevance are mostly processes far from equilibrium. For these reasons the development of new theoretical concepts has been necessary. The concept of transport in discrete systems has turned out to be more appropriate than continuum models.

Download or read book Noise in Complex Systems and Stochastic Dynamics written by Lutz Schimansky-Geier and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2003 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.

Download or read book Modeling Methodologies and Tools for Molecular and Nano scale Communications written by Junichi Suzuki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on cutting-edge modeling techniques, methodologies and tools used to understand, design and engineer nanoscale communication systems, such as molecular communication systems. Moreover, it includes introductory materials for those who are new to the field. The book’s interdisciplinary approach, which merges perspectives in computer science, the biological sciences and nanotechnology, will appeal to graduate students and researchers in these three areas.The book is organized into five parts, the first of which describes the fundamentals of molecular communication, including basic concepts, models and designs. In turn, the second part examines specific types of molecular communication found in biological systems, such as neuronal communication in the brain. The book continues by exploring further types of nanoscale communication, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer and electromagnetic-based nanoscale communication, in the third part, and by describing nanomaterials and structures for practical applications in the fourth. Lastly, the book presents nanomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and biomolecular sensing.

Download or read book Data Driven Traffic Engineering written by Hubert Rehborn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data-Driven Traffic Engineering: Understanding of Traffic and Applications Based on Three-Phase Traffic Theory shifts the current focus from using modeling and simulation data for traffic measurements to the use of actual data. The book uses real-world, empirically-derived data from a large fleet of connected vehicles, local observations and aerial observation to shed light on key traffic phenomena. Readers will learn how to develop an understanding of the empirical features of vehicular traffic networks and how to consider these features in emerging, intelligent transport systems. Topics cover congestion patterns, fuel consumption, the influence of weather, and much more. This book offers a unique, data-driven analysis of vehicular traffic in traffic networks, also considering how to apply data-driven insights to the intelligent transport systems of the future. Provides an empirically-driven analysis of traffic measurements/congestion based on real-world data collected from a global fleet of vehicles Applies Kerner’s three-phase traffic theory to empirical data Offers a critical scientific understanding of the underlying concerns of traffic control in automated driving and intelligent transport systems

Download or read book Game Theoretic Analysis of Congestion Safety and Security written by Kjell Hausken and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-27 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximizing reader insights into the interactions between game theory, excessive crowding and safety and security elements, this book establishes a new research angle by illustrating linkages between different research approaches and through laying the foundations for subsequent analysis. Congestion (excessive crowding) is defined in this work as all kinds of flows; e.g., road/sea/air traffic, people, data, information, water, electricity, and organisms. Analysing systems where congestion occurs – which may be in parallel, series, interlinked, or interdependent, with flows one way or both ways – this book puts forward new congestion models, breaking new ground by introducing game theory and safety/security into proceedings. Addressing the multiple actors who may hold different concerns regarding system reliability; e.g. one or several terrorists, a government, various local or regional government agencies, or others with stakes for or against system reliability, this book describes how governments and authorities may have the tools to handle congestion, but that these tools need to be improved whilst additionally ensuring safety and security against various threats. This game-theoretic analysis sets this book apart from the current congestion literature and ensures that the book will be of use to postgraduates, researchers, 3rd/4th-year undergraduates, policy makers, and practitioners.

Download or read book Modeling Interactions among Pedestrians and Cars in Shared Spaces written by Fatema Tuj Johora and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-21 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a novel agent-based, realistic, and general motion model of pedestrians and (human-driven) vehicles is proposed. It can capture a large variety of interactions and be utilized to assess the applicability of different shared space schemes and in the advent of autonomous vehicles. Sustainable urban traffic and transport is a key to successful future development of our society. Urban traffic is predicted to increase further, and the lack of traffic space makes it undesirable to maintain today's strict separation of different modalities. Shared space design principles promote a flexible use of traffic infrastructure by enabling different traffic modalities to share the same space with few or no explicit regulations. Simulation technologies are becoming an essential tool for traffic planners and managers to analyze future urban areas before new concepts and technologies are applied on the road. The proposed simulation model can suitably replicate the motion behaviors of pedestrians and vehicles from new environments with incremental integration of new behaviors and calibrating model parameters.

Download or read book Hyperbolic and Kinetic Models for Self organised Biological Aggregations written by Raluca Eftimie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-07 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the spatio-temporal patterns generated by two classes of mathematical models (of hyperbolic and kinetic types) that have been increasingly used in the past several years to describe various biological and ecological communities. Here we combine an overview of various modelling approaches for collective behaviours displayed by individuals/cells/bacteria that interact locally and non-locally, with analytical and numerical mathematical techniques that can be used to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns produced by said individuals/cells/bacteria. Richly illustrated, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers new to the field, and is also suitable as a textbook for senior undergraduate or graduate students in mathematics or related disciplines.

Download or read book Traffic and Granular Flow 13 written by Mohcine Chraibi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference resource in traffic and granular research alike, and addresses the latest developments at the intersection of physics, engineering and computational science. These involve complex systems, in which multiple simple agents, be they vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. The contributions collected in these proceedings cover several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic; granular matter; biological transport; transport networks; data acquisition; data analysis and technological applications. Different perspectives, i.e., modeling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations are considered.

Download or read book Cellular Automata written by Stefania Bandini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-20 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2010, held in Ascoli Piceno, Italy, in September 2010. The first part of the volume contains 39 revised papers that were carefully reviewed and selected from the main conference; they are organized according to six main topics: theoretical results on cellular automata, modeling and simulation with cellular automata, CA dynamics, control and synchronization, codes and cryptography with cellular automata, cellular automata and networks, as well as CA-based hardware. The second part of the volume comprises 35 revised papers dedicated to contributions presented during ACRI 2010 workshops on theoretical advances, specifically asynchronous cellular automata, and challenging application contexts for cellular automata: crowds and CA, traffic and CA, and the international workshop of natural computing.

Download or read book Modelling and implementation of a microscopic traffic simulation system written by Johannes Brügmann and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-11-16 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the foundations, the initial state, and the progress made in modelling and implementing a real-world and real-time online microscopic traffic simulation system for highway traffic. To successfully model and implement such a simulation system, this thesis recommends the use of a number of formal methods applied at the right places. As part of the recommendation, this thesis proposes a microscopic traffic simulation system. To explore the feasibility and the potential of the recommended methods, it observes and examines the proposed system from multiple views and under various different aspects. As part of the examination, this thesis provides a (semi-)formal specification, a model implementation, an implementation of a productive system, and the benefits that result from validating such a system. The results and any proper application of them have the potential to increase the reliability and the trustworthiness for any future implementation of the proposed simulation system. The presented results additionally motivate to apply the proposed approach to similar simulation systems. The thesis concludes the presentation of the results with some considerations for future implementations.

Download or read book Traffic and Granular Flow 17 written by Samer H. Hamdar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents 57 peer-reviewed papers from the 12th Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow (TGF) held in Washington, DC, in July 2017. It offers a unique synthesis of the latest scientific findings made by researchers from different countries, institutions and disciplines. The research fields covered range from physics, computer science and engineering and they may be all grouped under the topic of "Traffic and Granular Flow". The main theme of the Conference was: "From Molecular Interactions to Internet of Things and Smart Cities: The Role of Technology in the Understanding and the Evolution of Particle Dynamics".

Download or read book Unifying Themes in Complex Systems written by Ali A. Minai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-02 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, scientists have applied the principles of complex systems science to increasingly diverse fields. The results have been nothing short of remarkable: their novel approaches have provided answers to long-standing questions in biology, ecology, physics, engineering, computer science, economics, psychology and sociology. "Unifying Themes in Complex Systems" is a well established series of carefully edited conference proceedings that serve the purpose of documenting and archiving the progress of cross-fertilization in this field. About NECSI: For over 10 years, The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) has been instrumental in the development of complex systems science and its applications. NECSI conducts research, education, knowledge dissemination, and community development around the world for the promotion of the study of complex systems and its application for the betterment of society. NECSI hosts the International Conference on Complex Systems and publishes the NECSI Book Series in conjunction with Springer Publishers.

Download or read book Traffic and Granular Flow 11 written by Valery V. Kozlov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference resource in traffic and granular research alike. It addresses new developments at the interface between physics, engineering and computational science. Complex systems, where many simple agents, be they vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. The contributions collected in these proceedings cover several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic, granular matter, biological transport, transport networks, data acquisition, data analysis and technological applications. Different perspectives, i.e. modeling, simulations, experiments and phenomenological observations, are considered.