Download or read book Step up Modular Multilevel Converters for Energy Harvesting from Low voltage Energy Resources written by Younes Sangsefidi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modular multilevel converter (MMC) has a modular design and features low harmonic distortion and switching frequency. An MMC can be switched using staircase modulation method (which has a low switching frequency) or the common pulse-width modulation PWM method (which has a better harmonic performance). There are two main types of MMCs: 1) MMC with half-bridge submodules, which has an output voltage with a peak-to-peak magnitude limited to its DC link voltage and 2) MMC with full-bridge submodules, which has voltage boosting (step-up) capability. This work proposes a step-up MMC with reduced number of switches in its submodules (reduced-switch submodule: RSSM) for energy harvesting from low-voltage resources. This work first proposes the following methods and strategies for this MMC-RSSM with staircase modulation for an arbitrary number of submodules: 1) an analytical method to study different operating modes of MMC-RSSM, 2) a generalized switching strategy to synthesize the output AC voltage and regulate the voltages of capacitors in all operating modes, and 3) an algorithm to improve the transient response of the MMC during start-up or transition between operating modes. For applications with bidirectional power transfer, the RSSMs should be replaced by full-bridge submodules to allow both positive and negative arm currents. In this work, the proposed switching strategy (which focuses on energy harvesting systems with a unidirectional power transfer) is then extended to bidirectional MMC-FBSMs. This work also proposes a low-switching frequency PWM-based switching strategy for the MMC-RSSM. This PWM-based switching strategy provides a continuous control over capacitor voltages and a higher voltage boost without a significant increase in switching frequency. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed topology, analysis, and switching strategy.

Download or read book High Step up down Transformerless Multilevel Converter for Renewable Energy Applications written by Haider Ghazi Mhiesan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on a high step-up/down transformerless dc-dc modular multilevel converter (MMC) that would be applicable to dc power systems. The design achieves high voltage ratios for interfacing renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and line interactive Uninterruptible Power System (UPS) systems. The circuit topology provides for high step-up/down dc-dc conversion ratios using an MMC approach operating in resonant mode in order to improve overall efficiency. This topology operates to step-up the input voltage with 1:10 or larger conversion ratio. As a bidirectional converter, it also provides step-down capability at the same voltage ratio (10:1 or greater). The MMC circuit system consists of an upper and lower set of cells. The number of the upper cells is N, and the number of the lower cells is M. Phase-shift pulse width modulation (PS-PWM) is used to control voltage and power flow. PS-PWM with high duty cycle is generated to ensure that all the capacitors are connected except for one of them, which is out of the connection. A MATLAB/SimulinkTM and LTspice simulations for the proposed topology are presented. Moreover, PV and UPS systems with the proposed topology are simulated using MATLAB/SimulinkTM. In photovoltaic application systems, a closed loop control system is represented for voltage regulation in case there is a change in the input voltage. In UPS application, closed loop controllers for charging and discharging batteries are presented.

Download or read book Multilevel Converters Control Techniques for Renewable Energy Resources written by Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Power Converters for Medium Voltage Networks written by Md. Rabiul Islam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a number of topics, mainly in connection with advances in semiconductor devices and magnetic materials and developments in medium and large-scale renewable power plant technologies, grid integration techniques and new converter topologies, including advanced digital control systems for medium-voltage networks. The book’s individual chapters provide an extensive compilation of fundamental theories and in-depth information on current research and development trends, while also exploring new approaches to overcoming some critical limitations of conventional grid integration technologies. Its main objective is to present the design and implementation processes for medium-voltage converters, allowing the direct grid integration of renewable power plants without the need for step-up transformers.

Download or read book Reconfigurable Switched Capacitor Power Converters written by Dongsheng Ma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-25 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers specializing in ultra-low power supply design for self-powered applications an invaluable reference on reconfigurable switched capacitor power converters. Readers will benefit from a comprehensive introduction to the design of robust power supplies for energy harvesting and self-power applications, focusing on the use of reconfigurable switched capacitor based DC-DC converters, which is ideal for such applications. Coverage includes all aspects of switched capacitor power supply designs, from fundamentals, to reconfigurable power stages, and sophisticated controller designs.

Download or read book Fully Integrated Ultra Low Voltage Step up Converter with Voltage Doubling LC Tank for Energy Harvesting Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multilevel Converters written by Salman Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-08-13 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the deep insights into the operation, modulation, and control strategies of multilevel converters, alongside their recent applications in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems. Multilevel converters have gained attention in recent years for medium/high voltage and high power industrial and residential applications. The main advantages of multilevel converters over two level converters include less voltage stress on power semiconductors, low dv/dt, low common voltage, reduced electromagnetic interference, and low total harmonics distortion, among others. Better output power quality is ensured by increasing the number of levels in the synthesized output voltage waveform. Several multilevel topologies have been reported in the literature, such as neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitor (FC), cascaded H-bridge (CHB), hybrid cascaded H-bridge, asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge, modular multilevel converters (MMC), active neutral point clamped converters (ANPC), and packed U-cell type converters and various reduced device counts and a reduced number of source-based topologies have been proposed in literature. The multilevel converter, although a proven and enabling technology, still presents numerous challenges in topologies, modulation, and control, as well as in need-based applications. Since multilevel converters offer a wide range of possibilities, research and development in the areas of multilevel converter topologies, modulation, and control in various applications are still growing. To further improve multilevel converter energy efficiency, reliability, power density, and cost, many research groups across the world are working to broaden the application areas of multilevel converters and make them more attractive and competitive compared to classic topologies. Multilevel Converters intends to provide deep insight about multilevel converter operation, modulation, and control strategies and various recent applications of multilevel converters such as in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems.

Download or read book Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications written by Sergio Alberto Gonzalez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern semiconductor devices have reached high current and voltage levels, and their power-handling limits can be extended if they are used in multilevel converter configurations. To create high-performance and reliable control designs, however, engineers need in-depth understanding of the characteristics and operation of these topologies. Multilevel Converters for Industrial Applications presents a thorough and comprehensive analysis of multilevel converters with a common DC voltage source. The book offers a novel perspective to help readers understand the principles of the operation of voltage-source multilevel converters as power processors, and their capabilities and limitations. The book begins with an overview of medium-voltage power converters and their applications. It then analyzes the topological characteristics of the diode-clamped multilevel converter, the flying capacitor multilevel converter, and the asymmetric cascaded multilevel converter. For each topology, the authors highlight particular control issues and design trade-offs. They also develop relevant modulation and control strategies. Numerous graphical representations aid in the analysis of the topologies and are useful for beginning the analysis of new multilevel converter topologies. The last two chapters of the book explore two case studies that analyze the behavior of the cascade asymmetric multilevel converter as a distribution static compensator and shunt active power filter, and the behavior of the diode-clamped topology configured as a back-to-back converter. These case studies demonstrate how to address the associated control problems with advanced control and modulation schemes. Examining recent advances, this book provides deep insight on the design of high-power multilevel converters and their applications. It is a valuable reference for anyone interested in medium-voltage power conversion, which is increasingly being used in industry and in renewable energy and distributed generation systems to improve efficiency and operation flexibility.

Download or read book Modular Multilevel Converters written by Sixing Du and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invaluable academic reference for the area of high-power converters, covering all the latest developments in the field High-power multilevel converters are well known in industry and academia as one of the preferred choices for efficient power conversion. Over the past decade, several power converters have been developed and commercialized in the form of standard and customized products that power a wide range of industrial applications. Currently, the modular multilevel converter is a fast-growing technology and has received wide acceptance from both industry and academia. Providing adequate technical background for graduate- and undergraduate-level teaching, this book includes a comprehensive analysis of the conventional and advanced modular multilevel converters employed in motor drives, HVDC systems, and power quality improvement. Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications provides an overview of high-power converters, reference frame theory, classical control methods, pulse width modulation schemes, advanced model predictive control methods, modeling of ac drives, advanced drive control schemes, modeling and control of HVDC systems, active and reactive power control, power quality problems, reactive power, harmonics and unbalance compensation, modeling and control of static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) and unified power quality compensators. Furthermore, this book: Explores technical challenges, modeling, and control of various modular multilevel converters in a wide range of applications such as transformer and transformerless motor drives, high voltage direct current transmission systems, and power quality improvement Reflects the latest developments in high-power converters in medium-voltage motor drive systems Offers design guidance with tables, charts graphs, and MATLAB simulations Modular Multilevel Converters: Analysis, Control, and Applications is a valuable reference book for academic researchers, practicing engineers, and other professionals in the field of high power converters. It also serves well as a textbook for graduate-level students.

Download or read book Emerging Power Converters for Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles written by Md Rabiul Islam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers advancements of power electronic converters and their control techniques for grid integration of large-scale renewable energy sources and electrical vehicles. Major emphasis are on transformer-less direct grid integration, bidirectional power transfer, compensation of grid power quality issues, DC system protection and grounding, interaction in mixed AC/DC system, AC and DC system stability, magnetic design for high-frequency high power density systems with advanced soft magnetic materials, modelling and simulation of mixed AC/DC system, switching strategies for enhanced efficiency, and protection and reliability for sustainable grid integration. This book is an invaluable resource for professionals active in the field of renewable energy and power conversion.

Download or read book Modular Multilevel Converters with Multi frequency Power Transfer written by Yuan Li and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MMC is the dominant voltage-sourced converter technology for HVDC systems including terrestrial power transmission and offshore wind power integration. It is also a state-of-the-art solution for emerging MVDC applications such as bipolar dc distribution and grid integration of renewable energy resources. Significant research has been recently targeting the development of new MMC-based topologies that can reap the benefits of the conventional dc-ac MMC in dc grids and hybrid ac/dc power systems. Notable examples include dc-dc converters, multi-port converters, line power flow controllers and power tapping stations. This thesis introduces the concept of multi-frequency power transfer in MMCs where the magnetics windings are multi-tasked to carry currents with multiple frequency components, namely dc and fundamental frequency. Core dc flux cancellation is imposed by appropriate orientation of the individual windings. This novel power transfer mechanism can eliminate redundant energy conversion through partial-power-processing while offering increased flexibility in converter port power flows. Based on the multi-frequency power transfer concept, new MMC-based topologies are proposed that are well suited for MVDC and HVDC grids and hybrid ac/dc systems. Firstly, a new class of single-stage modular multilevel dc-dc converter, termed the M2DC-CT, is proposed for applications requiring either high or low dc stepping ratios. By placing center-tapped transformer windings in series with the arms in each phase leg, the advantages of minimized ac arm currents and absence of dc voltage stress between windings are simultaneously obtained unlike in prior art. Modeling and analysis gives insight into the M2DC-CT multi-frequency power transfer characteristics and suitable converter controls are developed. Converter operation is validated through simulation and experiment. %The M2DC-CT is further extended into a three-port converter by addition of a grid side transformer winding. Secondly, a dual MMC structure is presented that achieves multi-frequency power transfer by tying together the three mid-points of the converter-side center-tapped transformer windings to form an additional dc port. This creates a bipolar MMC with the ability to balance the dc pole power flows in bipolar dc grids. The employed center-tapped transformer has a Volt-Ampere rating that is the same as a conventional grid interfacing transformer. Dynamic controls formulated in the $\alpha\beta$-frame provide tight regulation of the port power flows while ensuring balanced capacitor voltages. The independent pole balancing capability is confirmed through simulation of detailed MVDC-level and HVDC-level PSCAD models and rigorous experimental testing on a scaled-down laboratory prototype. Thirdly, the aforementioned multi-frequency dual MMC structure is proposed for use as a three-port MMC. It allows simultaneous dc-dc and dc-ac conversions between an ac grid and two dc systems, which is distinctly different from the earlier bipolar dc grid application. The $\alpha\beta$ controls developed earlier are easily extended for the three-port application by assigning appropriate reference signals. Steady-state and dynamic operation of the three-port dual MMC topology is validated by simulation with a HVDC-level PSCAD model and extensive experimental tests. Lastly, a detailed comparative assessment of three-port MMCs for high-power applications is conducted. The proposed three-port dual MMC structure and three-port version of the M2DC-CT are compared against two other existing three-port MMCs, on the basis of efficiency, semiconductor effort, internal energy storage and magnetics. Both MVDC and HVDC case studies are examined including several different power flow cases, with provisions for fault blocking. The results indicate the use of multi-frequency power transfer can enable significant reductions in converter operating losses and cost relative to prior art, depending on the application.

Download or read book Advanced Power Electronics Converters for Future Renewable Energy Systems written by Neeraj Priyadarshi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book narrates an assessment of numerous advanced power converters employed on primitive phase to enhance the efficiency of power translation pertaining to renewable energy systems. It presents the mathematical modelling, analysis, and control of recent power converters topologies, namely, AC/DC, DC/DC, and DC/AC converters. Numerous advanced DC-DC Converters, namely, multi-input DC-DC Converter, Cuk, SEPIC, Zeta and so forth have been assessed mathematically using state space analysis applied with an aim to enhance power efficiency of renewable energy systems. The book: Explains various power electronics converters for different types of renewable energy sources Provides a review of the major power conversion topologies in one book Focuses on experimental analysis rather than simulation work Recommends usage of MATLAB, PSCAD, and PSIM simulation software for detailed analysis Includes DC-DC converters with reasonable peculiar power rating This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in electric power engineering, power and industrial electronics, and renewable energy.

Download or read book Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration written by Ali Iftekhar Maswood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of advanced multilevel converter design, control, operation and grid-connected applications Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration presents a comprehensive review of the core principles of advanced multilevel converters, which require fewer components and provide higher power conversion efficiency and output power quality. The authors – noted experts in the field – explain in detail the operation principles and control strategies and present the mathematical expressions and design procedures of their components. The text examines the advantages and disadvantages compared to the classical multilevel and two level power converters. The authors also include examples of the industrial applications of the advanced multilevel converters and offer thoughtful explanations on their control strategies. Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration provides a clear understanding of the gap difference between research conducted and the current industrial needs. This important guide: Puts the focus on the new challenges and topics in related areas such as modulation methods, harmonic analysis, voltage balancing and balanced current injection Makes a strong link between the fundamental concepts of power converters and advances multilevel converter topologies and examines their control strategies, together with practical engineering considerations Provides a valid reference for further developments in the multilevel converters design issue Contains simulations files for further study Written for university students in electrical engineering, researchers in areas of multilevel converters, high-power converters and engineers and operators in power industry, Advanced Multilevel Converters and Applications in Grid Integration offers a comprehensive review of the core principles of advanced multilevel converters, with contributions from noted experts in the field.

Download or read book Control and Modulation of Modular Multilevel Converters written by Ricard Picas Prat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integration of renewable energy sources in the electrical grid is reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. However, to ensure feasibility and reliability of distributed energy generation, more efficient and higher power converters are required. The modular multilevel converter (07C) is a modern topology of multilevel converter that is very attractive for medium- and high-voltage/power applications, including high-voltage direct current transmission systems and high-power motor drives. The main features of the 07C are modularity, scalability to different power and voltage levels, redundancy and high quality output voltages and currents. However, the operation of the 07C is complex, and there are some issues that still have to be further investigated. One of these issues is the voltage ripples of the submodule (SM) capacitors. The voltage ripples define the minimum value of the capacitances needed for the converter, and therefore its overall size and cost. The use of a proper circulating current controller can reduce the voltage ripples. In this thesis, three techniques for calculating the circulating current reference are presented: two techniques based on optimization functions for minimizing the capacitor voltage ripples; and a fast-processing technique that provides results close to optimal. The capacitor voltage ripples can also be reduced by adding a zero-sequence signal to the modulation signals. In this thesis, the application of discontinuous modulation to the 07C is proposed for the first time. This technique is based on the injection of a discontinuous zero-sequence signal and highly reduces the switching power losses and capacitor voltage ripples. Real applications of the 07C are composed of a high number of SMs. This implies a challenge in the control system, including the data acquisition system. A new technique for measuring the capacitor voltages with only a few sensors has been presented in this thesis. From the output voltage provided by a group of SMs, the individual voltage of each one of them can be acquired. Since acquisition cannot be performed at each sampling time, the capacitor voltages are calculated between samples using an estimation algorithm. Reliability is a feature required in industrial applications. The structure of the 07C facilitates the existence of redundant SMs, but faults need to be detected and localized for deactivating the faulty component. This thesis presents a robust and fast strategy for detecting, localizing and correcting faults in SMs and voltage sensors. The technique is based on three additional sensors per arm, which measure the output voltage of a group of SMs and compare it with the expected voltage. Capacitance differences between the SMs can appear due to component tolerance or ageing of the capacitors. Capacitance mismatches cause uneven distribution of the power losses, thus increasing the thermal stress of some semiconductors, and therefore, their probability of failure. A power loss balancing technique has been proposed, equalising the losses in all the SMs and therefore avoiding the concentration of power losses in some SMs. Application of the 07C to motor drive applications has also been studied in this thesis. The operation of the 07C at low motor speeds/frequencies is still a challenge, since the capacitor voltage ripples are inversely proportional to the current frequency. In this thesis, it has been demonstrated that discontinuous modulation can help to reduce capacitor voltage ripples in motor drive applications, achieving very low speed operation. The technique is compared with other state-of-the-art methods, and it achieves similar capacitor voltage ripples and a significant reduction in power losses. All the control and modulation techniques proposed in this thesis have been studied by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and corroborated experimentally on low-power laboratory prototypes.

Download or read book Design of a Low Voltage Power Converter for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multilevel Inverters written by Ersan Kabalci and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilevel Inverters: Topologies, Control Methods, and Applications investigates modern device topologies, control methods, and application areas for the rapidly developing conversion technology. The device topologies section begins with conventional two-level inverter topologies to provide a background on the DC-AC power conversion process and required circuit configurations. Thereafter, multilevel topologies originating from neutral point clamped topologies are presented in detail. The improved and inherited regular multilevel topologies such as flying capacitor and conventional H-bridge topology are presented to illustrate the multilevel concept. Emerging topologies are introduced regarding application areas such as renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and power systems. The book goes on to discuss fundamental operational principles of inverters using the conventional pulse width modulated control method. Current and voltage based closed loop control methods such as repetitive control, space vector modulation, proportional resonant control and other recent methods are developed. Core modern applications including wind energy, photovoltaics, microgrids, hybrid microgrids, electric vehicles, active filters, and static VAR compensators are investigated in depth. Multilevel Inverters for Emergent Topologies and Advanced Power Electronics Applications is a valuable resource for electrical engineering specialists, smart grid specialists, researchers on electrical, power systems, and electronics engineering, energy and computer engineers. Reviews mathematical modeling and step-by-step simulation examples, straddling both basic and advanced topologies Assesses how to systematically deploy and control multilevel power inverters in application scenarios Reviews key applications across wind energy, photovoltaics, microgrids, hybrid microgrids, electric vehicles, active filters, static VAR compensators

Download or read book Low Input Voltage Step up Converters for Electromagnetic Energy Scavenging written by Jeffrey Godsell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: