Download or read book State and Local Retirement Plans in the United States written by Robert L. Clark and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and Local Retirement Plans in the United States explains how economic and political events have shaped the development of pension plans in the last century, and it argues that changes in the structure and generosity of these plans will continue to shape policy and funding in the future. It also brings to bear a new rationale to the policies behind public sector pension plans. The authors use the history of how early public pension plans were established, how they matured and how they have grown in generosity to analyze what changes may be expected in years to come. Unique in its scope, this comprehensive history of the development of public sector pension plans in the United States during the twentieth century expands upon current ideas relating to the changing economic environment, the passage and evolution of social security, and the expansion of the public sector. With the exception of military pension plans, which date from the eighteenth century, the first public sector plans, dating from the late nineteenth century, were established to cover teachers, police officers and fire fighters in large cities. Over time, these retirement plans were extended to other public sector workers and the local plans were often merged with plans for state workers; all of these date from the twentieth century. Here, the authors show just how pension coverage for public sector workers expanded steadily, through the first half of the twentieth century, so that by the 1960s the vast majority of public sector workers were covered by a plan. This analysis demonstrates how economic events and shifts in public policy at the federal, state, and local levels helped to shape public sector retirement plans. The authors also compare public plans with private sector plans, and the final chapter focuses on recent changes in public pensions in response to the 'Great Recession', concurrent sharp declines in equity markets and the aging of the public workforce.
Download or read book A History of Public Sector Pensions in the United States written by Robert Louis Clark and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2003-05-12 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Wharton School, offering a comprehensive assessment of the political and financial dimensions of public-sector pensions from the colonial period until the emergence of modern retirement plans in the twentieth century.
Download or read book State and Local Pension Systems written by Richard J. Reeder and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans a National Problem written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual retirement arrangements IRAs written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reporting Requirements for State and Local Government Pension Plans and Tax Treatment of Deferred Amounts Under Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plans written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Private Pension Plans and Employee Fringe Benefits and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reporting Requirements for State and Local Government Pension Plans and Tax Treatment of Differed Amounts Under Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plans written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Private Pension Plans and Employee Fringe Benefits and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retirement Coverage of State and Local Government Employees written by United States. Bureau of the Census and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Favorable Determination Letter written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retirement Systems for Employees of State and Local Governments 1966 written by Saul Waldman and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pension Plan Complexity written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Private Retirement Plans and Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pension Reform for State and Local Employee Retirement Systems written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Savings, Pensions, and Investment Policy and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State and Local Government Retiree Benefits written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pension and other retiree benefits for state and local government employees represent liabilities for state and local governments and ultimately a burden for state and local taxpayers. Since 1986, accounting standards have required state and local governments to report their unfunded pension liabilities. Recently, however, standards changed and now call for governments also to report retiree health liabilities. The extent of these liabilities nationwide is not yet known, but some predict they will be very large, possibly exceeding a trillion dollars in present value terms. The federal government has an interest in assuring that all Americans have a secure retirement, as reflected in the federal tax deferral for contributions to both public and private pension plans. Consequently, the GAO was asked to examine: 1) the key measures of the funded status of retiree benefits and 2) the current funded status of retiree benefits. GAO analyzed data on public pensions, reviewed current literature, and interviewed a range of experts on public retiree benefits, actuarial science, and accounting. Three key measures help to understand different aspects of the funded status of state and local government pension and other retiree benefits. First, governments' annual contributions indicate the extent to which governments are keeping up with the benefits as they are accumulating. Second, the funded ratio indicates the percentage of actuarially accrued benefit liabilities covered by the actuarial value of assets. Third, unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities indicate the excess, if any, of liabilities over assets in dollars. Governments have been reporting these three measures for pensions for years, but new accounting standards will also require governments to report the same for retiree health benefits. Because a variety of methods and actuarial assumptions are used to calculate the funded status, different plans cannot be easily compared. Currently, most state and local government pension plans have enough invested resources set aside to keep up with the benefits they are scheduled to pay over the next several decades, but governments offering retiree health benefits generally have large unfunded liabilities. Many experts consider a funded ratio of about 80 percent or better to be sound for government pensions. We found that 58 percent of 65 large pension plans were funded to that level in 2006, a decrease since 2000. Low funded ratios would eventually require the government employer to improve funding, for example, by reducing benefits or by increasing contributions. However, pension benefits are generally not at risk in the near term because current assets and new contributions may be sufficient to pay benefits for several years. Still, many governments have often contributed less than the amount needed to improve or maintain funded ratios. Low contributions raise concerns about the future funded status. For retiree health benefits, studies estimate that the total unfunded actuarial accrued liability for state and local governments lies between $600 billion and $1.6 trillion in present value terms. The unfunded liabilities are large because governments typically have not set aside any funds for the future payment of retiree health benefits as they have for pensions. Percentage of State and Local Pension Plans with Funded Ratios above or below 80 Percent Source: GAO analysis of PFS, PENDAT data.Percentage of plansFiscal yearFunded ratio 80 percent or moreFunded ratio less than 80 percent020406080100200620052004200320022001200019961994
Download or read book Public Policy and Private Pension Programs written by United States. President's Committee on Corporate Pension Funds and Other Private Retirement and Welfare Programs and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Benefit Levels of Nonfederal Retirement Programs written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a congressional request, GAO prepared information on retirement programs in the nonfederal sector by estimating the levels of benefits at retirement that selected nonfederal programs provide to employees by age, years of service, and salary levels. GAO found that benefit formulas for nonfederal pension plans vary considerably; therefore, it calculated the benefit amounts produced by the formulas as a percentage of final salary. GAO found little difference in the average pension plan benefits available to retirees at age 65 and age 62 when years of service and salary levels were equal. Pension plan benefits for employees retiring at age 55 with 30 years of service ranged from 72 to 84 percent of the benefits they would have received if they had retired at age 62 with the same years of service and salary levels. In state government pension plans, age 55 benefits were about 85 percent of the benefit amounts at age 62 with the same years of service and salary levels. In addition, GAO found that state government pension plans provided higher average benefits than private sector pension plans. Finally, GAO found that the capital accumulation plan component of a typical private sector retirement program can add substantial retirement benefits to participating employees. A 30-year career employee who contributes to the plan can supplement his pension and social security benefits by 16 percent or more of his final annual salary. Since states generally do not match employee contributions in their plans, GAO did not calculate any thrift plans for them. Therefore, the combined benefits for state employees were less than those received by private sector employees who participate in thrift plans.
Download or read book Retirement Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Description of S 2105 and S 2106 Relating to State and Local Public Employee Benefit Plans written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Taxation and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
