Download or read book Standard Albanian written by Leonard Newmark and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Stanford University Press classic.

Download or read book Discovering Albanian I Textbook written by Linda Mëniku and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately five million people worldwide speak Albanian. The opening of Albania in the 1990s to broader trading and diplomatic relations with other nations has created a need for better knowledge of the language and culture of this country. This book teaches the student to communicate in everyday situations in the language, with each chapter introducing a new situational context. Students learn to discuss work, vacations, health, and entertainment. Students also learn to practice basic skills such as shopping, ordering tickets, and renting an apartment. Upon completing this textbook, students will be at the A2/B1 level of proficiency on the scale provided by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The textbook includes: • eighteen lessons based on real-life situations, including three review lessons • dialogues to help introduce vocabulary and grammatical structures • comprehension questions and exercises • related readings at the end of each chapter • full translations for all examples discussed in grammar sections • a series of appendixes with numerous charts summarizing main classes of nouns, adjectives, and verbs • an appendix with the solutions to most of the exercises in the book • a glossary with all the words in the dialogs and readings.

Download or read book Selection among Alternates in Language Standardization written by Janet Byron and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-05-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.

Download or read book A Dictionary of Albanian Religion Mythology and Folk Culture written by Robert Elsie and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In some senses, Albania is a living museum of the past. Originally a small herding community in the most inaccessible reaches of the Balkans, the presence of Albanians in southeastern Europe has been documented for over a thousand years. Albanian traditional folk culture, which evolved over centuries of relative isolation, is surprisingly rich. Yet despite recent events this culture remains little known to the Western world. Due to the lasting effects of a half century of Stalinist dictatorship, very few individuals even in Albania know much about their own popular traditions. The Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology, and Folk Culture makes available for the first time a wealth of knowledge about Albanian popular belief and folk customs. Alphabetical entries shed light on blood feuding, figures of Albanian mythology, religious beliefs, communities, and sects, calendar feasts and rituals, and popular superstitions, as well as birth, marriage, and funeral customs, and sexual mores. This unique volume will stand as the standard reference work on the subject for years to come.

Download or read book Albanian Grammar written by Martin Camaj and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 1984 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text in English and Albanian, translated from a work originally written in German and Albanian.

Download or read book Albanian English English Albanian written by Ilo Stefanllari and published by Hippocrene Books. This book was released on 1996 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its ninth printing, the Albanian Practical Dictionary is expanded and romanized to include 9,000 entries with simple pronunciation and basic grammatical information. Also includes a transliteration guide, a list of abbreviations, geographical names, and idiomatic expressions.

Download or read book Colloquial Albanian written by Linda Mëniku and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COLLOQUIAL ALBANIAN is easy to use and completely up to date! Specially written by experienced teachers for self-study or class use, the course offers a step-by-step approach to written and spoken Albanian. No prior knowledge of the language is required. What makes COLLOQUIAL ALBANIAN your best choice in personal language learning? Interactive – lots of exercises for regular practice Clear – concise grammar notes Practical – useful vocabulary and pronunciation guide Complete – including answer key and reference section By the end of this rewarding course, you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Albanian in a broad range of everyday situations. Accompanying audio material is available to purchase separately on CD/MP3 format, or comes included in the great value Colloquials Pack.

Download or read book Out of Albania written by Russell King and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2008 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysing the post-1990 Albanian migration to Italy, this text is a study of one of Europe's newest, most dramatic yet least understood migrations. It explores the dynamics of this migration and takes a look at migrants' employment, housing and social exclusion in the country, as well as the process of return migration to Albania.

Download or read book The Syntax of the Albanian Verb Complex written by Philip L. Hubbard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work, first published in 1985, is an analysis of the syntax of the Albanian verb complex. The term "verb complex" is defined here as the verb stem and its conjugational endings, together with the perfect auxiliaries and verb clitics. In a wider sense the verb includes the verb and its central arguments: subject, direct object, and indirect object. The analysis is presented in a somewhat expanded version of the relational grammar framework of Perlmutter and Postal (1977). It is argued that by assuming the existence of multiple levels in the syntactic structure of a clause, it is possible to account for the distribution of active and non-active verb forms over the various constructions of Albanian with a single generalisation. This title will be of interest to students of language and linguistics.

Download or read book Albanian English Dictionary written by Leka Bezhani and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 80/20 rule: with 20% of our dictionary we cover 80% of our needs.Most of us use around 2,000 words/year, and not more than 200 words/day.With this 3500-word dictionary you can easily satisfy any daily needs to communicate in Albanian. Albanian speaking people can use this dictionary as well, to find terms and words in English. American-Albanian families can use this as a tool to refresh their memory before they travel to Albania.The selection of Albanian words has been made based on the studies of the University Of Perugia (Italy), “Fjalori Drejtshkrimor i Gjuhës Shqipe†, and my own experience in teaching foreign languages at Tirana University (Albania), Worcester State College and Assumption College, in Worcester MA.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Albania written by Robert Elsie and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albania is not well known by outsiders; it was deliberately closed to the outside world during the communist era. Now it has thankfully become free again, its borders are open and it can be visited, and it is increasingly integrating with the rest of Europe and beyond. Unfortunately, Albania has had its share of problems in the post-communist era; it's a land of destitution and despair, thanks in part to the Albanian mafia, which has turned the country into one of blood-feuds, kalashnikovs, and eternal crises. Yet, Albania is, in essence, a European nation like any other and will soon, it is to be hoped, advance and take its proper place in Europe and the world. The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Albania relates the history of this little-known country through a detailed chronology, an introduction, a bibliography, appendixes, and over 700 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, and events; institutions and organizations; and political, economic, social, cultural, and religious facets.

Download or read book Language change for the worse written by Dankmar W. Enke and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2024-09-05 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many theories hold that language change, at least on a local level, is driven by a need for improvement. The present volume explores to what extent this assumption holds true, and whether there is a particular type of language change that we dub language change for the worse, i.e., change with a worsening effect that cannot be explained away as a side-effect of improvement in some other area of the linguistic system. The chapters of the volume, written by leading junior and senior scholars, combine expertise in diachronic and historical linguistics, typology, and formal modelling. They focus on different aspects of grammar (phonology, morphosyntax, semantics) in a variety of language families (Germanic, Romance, Austronesian, Bantu, Jê-Kaingang, Wu Chinese, Greek, Albanian, Altaic, Indo-Aryan, and languages of the Caucasus). The volume contributes to ongoing theoretical debates and discussions between linguists with different theoretical orientations.

Download or read book Language change for the worse written by Dankmar W. Enke and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-09-05 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many theories hold that language change, at least on a local level, is driven by a need for improvement. The present volume explores to what extent this assumption holds true, and whether there is a particular type of language change that we dub language change for the worse, i.e., change with a worsening effect that cannot be explained away as a side-effect of improvement in some other area of the linguistic system. The chapters of the volume, written by leading junior and senior scholars, combine expertise in diachronic and historical linguistics, typology, and formal modelling. They focus on different aspects of grammar (phonology, morphosyntax, semantics) in a variety of language families (Germanic, Romance, Austronesian, Bantu, Jê-Kaingang, Wu Chinese, Greek, Albanian, Altaic, Indo-Aryan, and languages of the Caucasus). The volume contributes to ongoing theoretical debates and discussions between linguists with different theoretical orientations.

Download or read book Translating Evidence and Interpreting Testimony at a War Crimes Tribunal written by Ellen Elias-Bursac and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can defendants be tried if they cannot understand the charges being raised against them? Can a witness testify if the judges and attorneys cannot understand what the witness is saying? Can a judge decide whether to convict or acquit if she or he cannot read the documentary evidence? The very viability of international criminal prosecution and adjudication hinges on the massive amounts of translation and interpreting that are required in order to run these lengthy, complex trials, and the procedures for handling the demands facing language services. This book explores the dynamic courtroom interactions in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in which witnesses testify through an interpreter about translations, attorneys argue through an interpreter about translations and the interpreting, and judges adjudicate on the interpreted testimony and translated evidence.

Download or read book Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo European Linguistics written by Jared Klein and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 1412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most comprehensive coverage of the field of Indo-European Linguistics in a century, focusing on the entire Indo-European family and treating each major branch and most minor languages. The collaborative work of 120 scholars from 22 countries, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics combines the exhaustive coverage of an encyclopedia with the in-depth treatment of individual monographic studies.

Download or read book Strategies of Symbolic Nation building in South Eastern Europe written by Pål Kolstø and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the conflagration of Tito’s Yugoslavia a medley of new and not-so-new states rose from the ashes. Some of the Yugoslav successor states have joined, or are about to enter, the European Union, while others are still struggling to define their national borders, symbols, and relationships with neighbouring states. Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe expands upon the existing body of nationalism studies and explores how successful these nation-building strategies have been in the last two decades. Relying on new quantitative research results, the contributors offer interdisciplinary analyses of symbolic nation-building in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia to show that whereas the citizens of some states have reached a consensus about the nation-building project other states remain fragmented and uncertain of when the process will end. A must-read not only for scholars of the region but policy makers and others interested in understanding the complex interplay of history, symbolic politics, and post-conflict transition.

Download or read book Journey to Albania Land of Besa written by Kalman Dubov and published by Kalman Dubov. This book was released on 2024-02-18 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although tiny in comparison with other European countries, Albania looms large in terms of its people, culture and history. Blessed by an abundance of natural resources, together with the resourcefulness of its people, it stands strong in the face of much larger countries that have tried to control it and subjugate its people. In the face of overwhelming odds, Albania stood firm, refusing to be subdued to others despite that dominant country remaining on its soil for centuries. Descendants from the ancient Illyrians, a relatively unknown group, together with an obscure language unlike any other in Europe, its people are a mystery and a conundrum in the face of larger and more powerful countries. The Ottoman Empire, for example, dominated Albania and the Balkans for five centuries, but were unable to subjugate these people. Albanian embers for independence were nurtured and kept alive until, in the end, it achieved its national aspirations. Its core identity remained unchanged and strong in the face of such challenge. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of Albanian is the concept of besa, a term denoting a code of honor. Once given to another, whether an Albanian or a stranger, the Albanian would rather forfeit his life than violate this code and promise. It was due to this concept and code that Jews in Albania, were protected and every manner of succor was extended to them. Albania remains the only country in Nazi-occupied Europe when at the end of that world war there was an increase in its Jewish population rather than the reverse. The Nazis considered the Jewish population in Albania to be about 200 persons. In fact, by war’s end, 2,000 people emerged, relating tales of the extraordinary courage and heroism extended to them by either Muslim or Christian Albanians. To date the State of Israel’s Yad Vashem has recognized 75 Albanians for its prestigious award of Righteous Among the Nations. Ironically, the very same code of honor that protected Jews during World War Two is now used by Albanians to perpetrate criminality across the world. The Albanian Mafia controls a vast international enterprise, overseeing every form of crime. At its basest element, the clannish hallmark of its membership is based on familial connections, with the code of besa given to its leadership and other members. Thereby, all in the clan are considered family for whom the code connects and protects, demanding total unquestioned obedience. Efforts to infiltrate these clans has proven an impossible task because of the interconnected webs of duty and control exerted on all in that organization. Betrayal of the clan is a violation of family and community so that total obedience is a given at all times. Hence, the same nobility of besa is also used negatively, against society and normative social frameworks. In addition, Albania still retains the cultural phenomenon of the ‘third sex’ where women become ‘sworn virgins.’ They are released from their traditional feminine role and become a ‘man,’ doing so by a formal oath given to twelve elders in the community. Afterwards, none may remind this ‘man’ of a previous life as a woman. Though the number of sworn virgins in Albania is small, it is still present and any woman may assume this transformation despite modernity and its claims of equality. The Albanian diet reflects its Mediterranean culture, using olive oil and an array of vegetables that provides an abundance of health to its people. There is much to learn from this ancient society. I hope this book does justice to the many traditions and culture of this unique people.