Download or read book Stacked 3D and Processing in memory Solutions for Data intensive and Persistent Applications written by Akshay Krishna Ramanathan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dominance of data-intensive workloads and applications, the current von-Neumann-based architectures suffer from memory bandwidth problems, popularly known as the "memory wall". In order to alleviate the problem of memory bandwidth, processing-in-memory (PiM) has gained a lot of attention in recent years. In the PiM architectures, the compute logics are moved closer to or within the memory where the data resides, enabling the PiM architectures to exploit the high internal bandwidth of the memories. This dissertation explores the opportunities provided by the recent advancements in-memory technologies to design highly efficient PiM architectures for mainly deep-learning, database, and persistence applications. The first work in this dissertation presents a novel 3D-SRAM circuit design using a Monolithic 3D Integration process (M3D) for realizing beyond-Boolean in-memory compare operation without any area overheads compared to the standard 6T-SRAM. We also showcase measurement results from the fabricated PiM macro with the same circuit design for performing massively parallel compare operation used in the database, machine learning, and scientific applications. The proposed PiM technique supports operations like data filtering, sorting, and index handling of sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM). The second work presents a Look-Up Table (LUT) based PiM technique for conventional SRAM memory technology (i.e., single layer) with the potential for running Neural Network inference tasks. We implement a bitline computing free technique to avoid frequent bitline accesses to the cache sub-arrays and thereby considerably reducing the memory access energy overhead. Our proposed LUT-based PiM methodology exploits substantial parallelism using look-up tables, which do not alter the memory structure/organization. This methodology showcases a PiM architecture for current memory technologies with minimal changes to the monolithic custom memory blocks. The third work deals with crash consistency for critical applications like financial trading, cyber threat analysis, IoT, etc. At present, non-volatile memory technologies promise the opportunity for maintaining persistent data in memory. However, providing crash consistency in such systems can be costly as any update to the persistent data has to reach the persistent hard drive in a specific order, imposing a high overhead. In this work, we propose an architecture design that employs a hybrid volatile, non-volatile memory cell employing M3D and Ferroelectric technology in the L1 data cache to guarantee crash consistency with almost no performance overhead. Memory technologies like high bandwidth memory (HBM), and solid-state drives (SSD) make use of parallel-3D integration process to stack memory layers in order to increase the density per mm2. The final work presents cost-effective potential N-layer logic designs realized by the same process. This work discusses the stricter rules and constraints enforced by the fabrication process when designing N-layer designs and then explores different adder designs.
Download or read book Scalable Near data Processing Systems for Data intensive Applications written by Mingyu Gao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging big data applications, such as deep learning, graph processing, and data analytics, process massive data sets within rigorous time constraints. For such data-intensive workloads, the frequent and expensive data movement between memory and compute modules dominates both execution time and energy consumption, seriously impeding future performance scaling. Moreover, the end of silicon scaling has made all compute systems energy-constrained. It now becomes increasingly critical to address this energy bottleneck for data-intensive applications. One promising way to alleviate the inefficiencies of data movement is to avoid it altogether by executing computations closer to data locations, an approach commonly referred to as Near-Data Processing (NDP). Recent advances in integration technology allow us to implement NDP systems in a practical way by vertically stacking logic chips and memory modules. Hence, it is now the time to develop architectural support across both hardware and software levels for NDP. This involves developing practical system architectures and programming models as an easy-to-use hardware/software interface, designing efficient processing logic hardware to exploit the abundant 3D memory bandwidth, and investigating scalable software dataflow schemes that achieve optimized scheduling on the hardware resources. The focus of this dissertation is to architect practical, efficient, and scalable NDP systems for data-intensive processing. To this end, we present a coherent set of hardware and software solutions to address architectural challenges for both general-purpose and specialized computing platforms. First, we propose a practical and scalable NDP system architecture for big data applications such as deep learning and graph analytics. The architecture features simple yet efficient support for virtual memory, cache coherence, and data communication, which leads to a 2.5x energy efficiency improvement over prior NDP designs and 16x over conventional systems. Second, we design an efficient NDP compute logic HRL, which uses a reconfigurable array with both fine-grained compute units for efficient arithmetic computations, and coarse-grained logic blocks for flexible data and control flows. HRL improves the energy efficiency by 2x over conventional fine-grained and coarse-grained reconfigurable circuits. Third, we investigate domain-specific NDP accelerators for deep learning, and develop TETRIS, a neural network accelerator using 3D-stacked DRAM. We develop both the hardware architecture and dataflow scheduling for TETRIS, enabling 4x higher performance and 1.5x better energy efficiency compared to state-of-the-art accelerators. Finally, we present the enabling techniques for using dense commodity DRAM arrays as a fine-grained reconfigurable fabric called DRAF. DRAF is 10x denser and 3x more power-efficient than conventional FPGAs, and also supports multiple design contexts. These features make DRAF appropriate for cost and power constrained applications in multi-tenancy environments such as datacenters and mobile devices.
Download or read book Handbook of 3D Integration Volume 4 written by Paul D. Franzon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth volume of the landmark handbook focuses on the design, testing, and thermal management of 3D-integrated circuits, both from a technological and materials science perspective. Edited and authored by key contributors from top research institutions and high-tech companies, the first part of the book provides an overview of the latest developments in 3D chip design, including challenges and opportunities. The second part focuses on the test methods used to assess the quality and reliability of the 3D-integrated circuits, while the third and final part deals with thermal management and advanced cooling technologies and their integration. This fourth volume of the landmark handbook focuses on the design, testing, and thermal management of 3D-integrated circuits, both from a technological and materials science perspective. Edited and authored by key contributors from top research institutions and high-tech companies, the first part of the book provides an overview of the latest developments in 3D chip design, including challenges and opportunities. The second part focuses on the test methods used to assess the quality and reliability of the 3D-integrated circuits, while the third and final part deals with thermal management and advanced cooling technologies and their integration.
Download or read book Advances in GPU Research and Practice written by Hamid Sarbazi-Azad and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in GPU Research and Practice focuses on research and practices in GPU based systems. The topics treated cover a range of issues, ranging from hardware and architectural issues, to high level issues, such as application systems, parallel programming, middleware, and power and energy issues. Divided into six parts, this edited volume provides the latest research on GPU computing. Part I: Architectural Solutions focuses on the architectural topics that improve on performance of GPUs, Part II: System Software discusses OS, compilers, libraries, programming environment, languages, and paradigms that are proposed and analyzed to help and support GPU programmers. Part III: Power and Reliability Issues covers different aspects of energy, power, and reliability concerns in GPUs. Part IV: Performance Analysis illustrates mathematical and analytical techniques to predict different performance metrics in GPUs. Part V: Algorithms presents how to design efficient algorithms and analyze their complexity for GPUs. Part VI: Applications and Related Topics provides use cases and examples of how GPUs are used across many sectors. Discusses how to maximize power and obtain peak reliability when designing, building, and using GPUs Covers system software (OS, compilers), programming environments, languages, and paradigms proposed to help and support GPU programmers Explains how to use mathematical and analytical techniques to predict different performance metrics in GPUs Illustrates the design of efficient GPU algorithms in areas such as bioinformatics, complex systems, social networks, and cryptography Provides applications and use case scenarios in several different verticals, including medicine, social sciences, image processing, and telecommunications
Download or read book Programming Persistent Memory written by Steve Scargall and published by Apress. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning and experienced programmers will use this comprehensive guide to persistent memory programming. You will understand how persistent memory brings together several new software/hardware requirements, and offers great promise for better performance and faster application startup times—a huge leap forward in byte-addressable capacity compared with current DRAM offerings. This revolutionary new technology gives applications significant performance and capacity improvements over existing technologies. It requires a new way of thinking and developing, which makes this highly disruptive to the IT/computing industry. The full spectrum of industry sectors that will benefit from this technology include, but are not limited to, in-memory and traditional databases, AI, analytics, HPC, virtualization, and big data. Programming Persistent Memory describes the technology and why it is exciting the industry. It covers the operating system and hardware requirements as well as how to create development environments using emulated or real persistent memory hardware. The book explains fundamental concepts; provides an introduction to persistent memory programming APIs for C, C++, JavaScript, and other languages; discusses RMDA with persistent memory; reviews security features; and presents many examples. Source code and examples that you can run on your own systems are included. What You’ll Learn Understand what persistent memory is, what it does, and the value it brings to the industry Become familiar with the operating system and hardware requirements to use persistent memory Know the fundamentals of persistent memory programming: why it is different from current programming methods, and what developers need to keep in mind when programming for persistence Look at persistent memory application development by example using the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK)Design and optimize data structures for persistent memoryStudy how real-world applications are modified to leverage persistent memoryUtilize the tools available for persistent memory programming, application performance profiling, and debugging Who This Book Is For C, C++, Java, and Python developers, but will also be useful to software, cloud, and hardware architects across a broad spectrum of sectors, including cloud service providers, independent software vendors, high performance compute, artificial intelligence, data analytics, big data, etc.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging Computing From Devices to Systems written by Mohamed M. Sabry Aly and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers a range of topics dealing with emerging computing technologies which are being developed in response to challenges faced due to scaling CMOS technologies. It provides a sneak peek into the capabilities unleashed by these technologies across the complete system stack, with contributions by experts discussing device technology, circuit, architecture and design automation flows. Presenting a gradual progression of the individual sub-domains and the open research and adoption challenges, this book will be of interest to industry and academic researchers, technocrats and policymakers. Chapters "Innovative Memory Architectures Using Functionality Enhanced Devices" and "Intelligent Edge Biomedical Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) Era" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book High Performance Computing written by Ponnuswamy Sadayappan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 35th International Conference on High Performance Computing, ISC High Performance 2020, held in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, in June 2020.* The 27 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. The papers cover a broad range of topics such as architectures, networks & infrastructure; artificial intelligence and machine learning; data, storage & visualization; emerging technologies; HPC algorithms; HPC applications; performance modeling & measurement; programming models & systems software. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters "Scalable Hierarchical Aggregation and Reduction Protocol (SHARP) Streaming-Aggregation Hardware Design and Evaluation", "Solving Acoustic Boundary Integral Equations Using High Performance Tile Low-Rank LU Factorization", "Scaling Genomics Data Processing with Memory-Driven Computing to Accelerate Computational Biology", "Footprint-Aware Power Capping for Hybrid Memory Based Systems", and "Pattern-Aware Staging for Hybrid Memory Systems" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-10 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computer Control Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Performance Silicon Imaging written by Daniel Durini and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-19 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Performance Silicon Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications of CMOS and CCD Sensors, Second Edition, covers the fundamentals of silicon image sensors, addressing existing performance issues and current and emerging solutions. Silicon imaging is a fast growing area of the semiconductor industry. Its use in cell phone cameras is already well established, with emerging applications including web, security, automotive and digital cinema cameras. The book has been revised to reflect the latest state-of-the art developments in the field, including 3D imaging, advances in achieving lower signal noise, and new applications for consumer markets. The fundamentals section has also been expanded to include a chapter on the characterization and testing of CMOS and CCD sensors that is crucial to the success of new applications. This book is an excellent resource for both academics and engineers working in the optics, photonics, semiconductor and electronics industries. Covers the fundamentals of silicon-based image sensors and technical advances, focusing on performance issues Looks at image sensors in applications, such as mobile phones, scientific imaging, and TV broadcasting, and in automotive, consumer and biomedical applications Addresses the theory behind 3D imaging and 3D sensor development, including challenges and opportunities
Download or read book Cloud Computing written by Rajkumar Buyya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of this book is to capture the state-of-the-art in Cloud Computing technologies and applications. The book will also aim to identify potential research directions and technologies that will facilitate creation a global market-place of cloud computing services supporting scientific, industrial, business, and consumer applications. We expect the book to serve as a reference for larger audience such as systems architects, practitioners, developers, new researchers and graduate level students. This area of research is relatively recent, and as such has no existing reference book that addresses it. This book will be a timely contribution to a field that is gaining considerable research interest, momentum, and is expected to be of increasing interest to commercial developers. The book is targeted for professional computer science developers and graduate students especially at Masters level. As Cloud Computing is recognized as one of the top five emerging technologies that will have a major impact on the quality of science and society over the next 20 years, its knowledge will help position our readers at the forefront of the field.
Download or read book Computerworld written by and published by . This book was released on 2003-02 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 40 years, Computerworld has been the leading source of technology news and information for IT influencers worldwide. Computerworld's award-winning Web site (Computerworld.com), twice-monthly publication, focused conference series and custom research form the hub of the world's largest global IT media network.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare written by Adam Bohr and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-21 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare is more than a comprehensive introduction to artificial intelligence as a tool in the generation and analysis of healthcare data. The book is split into two sections where the first section describes the current healthcare challenges and the rise of AI in this arena. The ten following chapters are written by specialists in each area, covering the whole healthcare ecosystem. First, the AI applications in drug design and drug development are presented followed by its applications in the field of cancer diagnostics, treatment and medical imaging. Subsequently, the application of AI in medical devices and surgery are covered as well as remote patient monitoring. Finally, the book dives into the topics of security, privacy, information sharing, health insurances and legal aspects of AI in healthcare. Highlights different data techniques in healthcare data analysis, including machine learning and data mining Illustrates different applications and challenges across the design, implementation and management of intelligent systems and healthcare data networks Includes applications and case studies across all areas of AI in healthcare data
Download or read book Block Trace Analysis and Storage System Optimization written by Jun Xu and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the fundamental factors of data storage system performance and master an essential analytical skill using block trace via applications such as MATLAB and Python tools. You will increase your productivity and learn the best techniques for doing specific tasks (such as analyzing the IO pattern in a quantitative way, identifying the storage system bottleneck, and designing the cache policy). In the new era of IoT, big data, and cloud systems, better performance and higher density of storage systems has become crucial. To increase data storage density, new techniques have evolved and hybrid and parallel access techniques—together with specially designed IO scheduling and data migration algorithms—are being deployed to develop high-performance data storage solutions. Among the various storage system performance analysis techniques, IO event trace analysis (block-level trace analysis particularly) is one of the most common approaches for system optimization and design. However, the task of completing a systematic survey is challenging and very few works on this topic exist. Block Trace Analysis and Storage System Optimization brings together theoretical analysis (such as IO qualitative properties and quantitative metrics) and practical tools (such as trace parsing, analysis, and results reporting perspectives). The book provides content on block-level trace analysis techniques, and includes case studies to illustrate how these techniques and tools can be applied in real applications (such as SSHD, RAID, Hadoop, and Ceph systems). What You’ll Learn Understand the fundamental factors of data storage system performance Master an essential analytical skill using block trace via various applications Distinguish how the IO pattern differs in the block level from the file level Know how the sequential HDFS request becomes “fragmented” in final storage devices Perform trace analysis tasks with a tool based on the MATLAB and Python platforms Who This Book Is For IT professionals interested in storage system performance optimization: network administrators, data storage managers, data storage engineers, storage network engineers, systems engineers
Download or read book Expanded Abstracts with Biographies written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3D Flash Memories written by Rino Micheloni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book walks the reader through the next step in the evolution of NAND flash memory technology, namely the development of 3D flash memories, in which multiple layers of memory cells are grown within the same piece of silicon. It describes their working principles, device architectures, fabrication techniques and practical implementations, and highlights why 3D flash is a brand new technology. After reviewing market trends for both NAND and solid state drives (SSDs), the book digs into the details of the flash memory cell itself, covering both floating gate and emerging charge trap technologies. There is a plethora of different materials and vertical integration schemes out there. New memory cells, new materials, new architectures (3D Stacked, BiCS and P-BiCS, 3D FG, 3D VG, 3D advanced architectures); basically, each NAND manufacturer has its own solution. Chapter 3 to chapter 7 offer a broad overview of how 3D can materialize. The 3D wave is impacting emerging memories as well and chapter 8 covers 3D RRAM (resistive RAM) crosspoint arrays. Visualizing 3D structures can be a challenge for the human brain: this is way all these chapters contain a lot of bird’s-eye views and cross sections along the 3 axes. The second part of the book is devoted to other important aspects, such as advanced packaging technology (i.e. TSV in chapter 9) and error correction codes, which have been leveraged to improve flash reliability for decades. Chapter 10 describes the evolution from legacy BCH to the most recent LDPC codes, while chapter 11 deals with some of the most recent advancements in the ECC field. Last but not least, chapter 12 looks at 3D flash memories from a system perspective. Is 14nm the last step for planar cells? Can 100 layers be integrated within the same piece of silicon? Is 4 bit/cell possible with 3D? Will 3D be reliable enough for enterprise and datacenter applications? These are some of the questions that this book helps answering by providing insights into 3D flash memory design, process technology and applications.
