Download or read book Stability of microscale fluid interfaces a study of fluid flows near soft substrates and pattern formation under electrostatic fields written by Scott Alan Roberts and published by Scott Alan Roberts. This book was released on 2009 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shaping Fluid fluid Interfaces From Molecular Monolayers to Thin Liquid Films written by Emilie Marie Dressaire and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we present studies on the regular structuring of fluid/fluid interfaces. In Chapter 1 through 3, we investigate the spreading of droplets and the impact of liquid jets on microtextured solid substrates. We show that the liquid films produced adopt the symmetry of the substrate topography, despite the different physical mechanisms involved in the film formation. When a droplet of partially wetting fluid spreads on a regular lattice of microposts, the shape of the resulting film depends on the dynamics of the spreading/imbibition, i.e. the geometrical features of the substrate and the contact angle of the fluid (Chapter 1). When a jet impacts a microtextured substrate, at high Reynolds number, the velocity field is no longer isotropic. The angular dependence results in the formation of polygonal hydraulic jumps (Chapter 2) and polygonal liquid sheet (Chapter 3). In Chapter 4 and 5, we study a highly stable dispersion of micron scale bubbles. We show that each bubble is coated with an insoluble layer of condensed surfactant molecules. Under compression, the shell initially buckles into nanometer scale hexagonal domains. The nanopatterned interface resists further shrinkage of the bubble and the gas dispersion is stable over a year. We rationalize the surface structure by considering the mechanical features and the chemical composition of the interface. Finally, in Chapter 6, we present an experimental study on the clogging of microchannels by colloidal suspensions and document the role of the interaction between particles and the flow properties.
Download or read book The Physics of Pattern Formation of Liquid Interfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy consumption in fabrication of materials for all applications is process dependent. Improvements in the ability to process materials are of great importance to the DOE mission. This project addresses basic science questions related to the processing of materials and is aimed at understanding growth of interfaces and evolution of patterns on interfaces, both macroscopic and microscopic. Three laboratory experiments are proposed: A study of the changes in patterns available to the growth of a macroscopic interface when that interface is grown over one of a variety of microscopic'' lattices; a study of reversible aggregation of colloidal particles in a mixed solvent, and of the interactions and relaxations of both solvent and suspended particles when thermodynamic conditions are changed for a liquid matrix with suspended particles or fibres; and, an investigation of the sedimentation of particles in a quasi-two-dimensional viscous fluid, with attention both to the dynamics of the flow and to the roughness of the resulting surface of settled particles.
Download or read book The Study of Fluids Flow through Porous Media Using Microfluidic Devices written by Feng Guo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is implementing glass-fabricated microfluidic devices to study problems involving fluid flow through porous media problems, including; foam flooding in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), immiscible displacement instability, and CO2 sequestration in a deep saline aquifer. The relatively low viscosity and density of CO2 causes severe fingering, gravity override and high mobility through high permeability layers or fractures, which leads to low sweep efficiency in porous media. CO2 foam flooding stabilized by nanoparticles (NPs) is able to significantly increase CO2 injectant apparent viscosity thereby reducing its mobility and increasing the volumetric sweep efficiency in EOR and sequestration. A deep understanding of flow behaviors and displacement instabilities of CO2 (foam and gas) in porous media enhances the ability to predict oil recovery and CO2 storage and inform reservoir engineering decisions. This dissertation provides details of experimental work performed in NP-stabilized CO2 foam flooding, immiscible displacements and CO2 sequestration using different fabricated microfluidic devices. Several novel NPs candidates are investigated and evaluated in terms of foam stability and oil recovery. The flow behavior of CO2 foam and the resulting incremental oil recovery are investigated in both homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. Flow instabilities and phase diagrams with boundaries of three flow regimes of immiscible displacement are investigated. In addition, the CO2 gas/foam storage capacity and efficiency in a deep saline aquifer are studied. In order to study NP-stabilized CO2 foam flooding in porous media, a homogeneous microfluidic device is fabricated in which the pore network is based on a 2D representation of a sample of Berea sandstone. Foam properties of NPs stabilized CO2 foam using silica (Si), nanoclay, fly ash and iron oxide (IO) and the resulting improvement in oil recovery are investigated using a series of modified bulk foam tests and microfluidic experiments. Results show that the size and/or size distribution, shape, and surface charge of the particles are influential parameters governing the foam stability and formability which have a direct relationship with oil recovery performance. The displacement observation shows the silica and fly ash NPs assisted by surfactant mixture (Alpha-Olefin Sulfonate (AOS)-Lauramidopropyl Betaine (LAPB)) generated stable foams and resulted in high ultimate oil recoveries (over 90%). Even though IO-surfactant mixtures generate foams with relatively inferior stability characteristics and ultimate recovery, approximately three quarters of the IO NPs are recovered once exposed to a magnetic field. Recovered IO NPs have the potential to be reused in EOR process. The implement of by-product fly ash and recyclable IO NP provides potential advantage of NPs on a commercial scale in EOR processes. A heterogeneous microfluidic device is fabricated, which consisted of a centrally located low permeability zone and two high permeability zones on its sides, to study flow behaviors of CO2 foam and its impact on mobility control in displacing oil in a heterogeneous porous medium. The results show that foam is able to mobilize and recover oil trapped in the low permeability zone by increasing the resistance to flow in the high permeability zones and diverting the surfactant solution into the adjacent low-permeability zone. Foam remains gas-rich in the high permeability zones and solvent-rich in the low permeability zone throughout the experiments. The observed displacement dynamics are explained by characterizing channel geometries (trapezoid) and calculating capillary entry pressure values for various fluids and zones of the medium. Flow behaviors and instabilities in two phase immiscible displacements are addressed using a glass microfluidic device. A series of microfluidic device immiscible displacement experiments are conducted across a range of capillary numbers (Ca) of 1E-4 to 9E-8 and viscosity ratio (M) from 1E-4 to 13.6E3. The microfluidic device features a water-wet porous medium based on a two-dimensional representation of a Berea sandstone; the displacement processes are captured using a high-resolution camera that allows visualization of the entire domain, while being able to resolve features as small as 10 μm. The study reports a correlation between fractal dimension of displacement fronts and displacement front patterns in the porous medium. Three flow regimes with boundaries are mapped on a two-dimensional parameter space (log M and log Ca), and phase diagrams proposed in the literature are superimposed for comparison. Results suggest that the transition regime may occupy a much larger region of the flow regime diagram than is suggested in recent literature. This two-phase immiscible displacement study not only extended works of previous studies using an advanced glass microfluidic device but also it may also help understand macroscopic processes at the continuum scale and provide insights into designing engineered porous media such as exchange columns and membranes with respect to desired immiscible displacement behaviors. In order to study CO2 sequestration in an aquifer with multiple variables, namely, fluids’ interfacial tension, injection rate, viscosity and the characteristics of the porous medium, a custom microfluidic device is developed. The pore network is based on a mosaic of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of a thin section of the Lower Cretaceous Washita-Fredericksburg, which is a saline aquifer-bearing formation in east-central Mississippi, USA. The study investigates the effects of those variables on CO2 gas and foam injection into the brine-saturated porous medium. The results suggest that higher injection rates and CO2 foam injection are able to improve CO2 saturation, and therefore storage, in the microfluidic device; ultimate CO2 saturation from foam injection are approximately 20%-40% higher compared to results from gas injection. Thus, CO2 foam injection is a promising approach to reduce CO2 mobility and optimize the CO2 storage capacity in saline aquifer formations. In addition, legislation of CO2 sequestration and potential advantages of using CO2 foam for geological CO2 sequestration in the aforementioned saline aquifer, which is currently under study for commercial-scale CO2 storage, are also discussed. This research study shows advantages of using glass fabricated microfluidic devices with complex configurations to study several flow-through porous media problems. It enables visualization of fluids distributions and displacement fronts inside various porous media, therefore, providing insights into microscale displacement processes help elucidate fundamental mechanisms responsible for the observed flow behaviors.
Download or read book Micro and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics written by Brian J. Kirby and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-26 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text focuses on the physics of fluid transport in micro- and nanofabricated liquid-phase systems, with consideration of gas bubbles, solid particles, and macromolecules. This text was designed with the goal of bringing together several areas that are often taught separately - namely, fluid mechanics, electrodynamics, and interfacial chemistry and electrochemistry - with a focused goal of preparing the modern microfluidics researcher to analyse and model continuum fluid mechanical systems encountered when working with micro- and nanofabricated devices. This text serves as a useful reference for practising researchers but is designed primarily for classroom instruction. Worked sample problems are included throughout to assist the student, and exercises at the end of each chapter help facilitate class learning.
Download or read book Complex Fluids in Biological Systems written by Saverio E. Spagnolie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as an introduction to the continuum mechanics and mathematical modeling of complex fluids in living systems. The form and function of living systems are intimately tied to the nature of surrounding fluid environments, which commonly exhibit nonlinear and history dependent responses to forces and displacements. With ever-increasing capabilities in the visualization and manipulation of biological systems, research on the fundamental phenomena, models, measurements, and analysis of complex fluids has taken a number of exciting directions. In this book, many of the world’s foremost experts explore key topics such as: Macro- and micro-rheological techniques for measuring the material properties of complex biofluids and the subtleties of data interpretation Experimental observations and rheology of complex biological materials, including mucus, cell membranes, the cytoskeleton, and blood The motility of microorganisms in complex fluids and the dynamics of active suspensions Challenges and solutions in the numerical simulation of biologically relevant complex fluid flows This volume will be accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering, mathematics, biology, and the physical sciences, but will appeal to anyone interested in the intricate and beautiful nature of complex fluids in the context of living systems.
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics and Rheology of Liquid Crystalline Polymer Flows Fundamental Science and Technological Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the research work done during the period covered by the AFOSR grant. The PI investigated the flow-orientation coupling and pattern formation in flows of liquid crystalline polymers. Both short and long range elasticity due to the microstructure formation in the macromolecular material can impact on the flow stability. Various experimental phenomena have been modeled by the hydrodynamic theory developed in the project. Several new theories for polymer-liquid crystal polymer mixtures and polymer-clay nanocomposites have been developed providing a solid foundation for the next phase of study on the macromolecular fluids.
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microfluidics written by Yu Song and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book offering a global overview of fundamental microfluidics and the wide range of possible applications, for example, in chemistry, biology, and biomedical science. As such, it summarizes recent progress in microfluidics, including its origin and development, the theoretical fundamentals, and fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices. The book also comprehensively covers the fluid mechanics, physics and chemistry as well as applications in such different fields as detection and synthesis of inorganic and organic materials. A useful reference for non-specialists and a basic guideline for research scientists and technicians already active in this field or intending to work in microfluidics.
Download or read book Flowing Matter written by Federico Toschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.
Download or read book Mobile Particulate Systems written by E. Guazzelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile particulate systems involve the mechanics, flow and transport properties of mixtures of fluids and solids. These systems are intrinsic to the rheology of emulsions and suspensions, flocculation and aggregation, sedimentation and fluidization, flow of granular media, nucleation and growth of small particles, segregation, attrition and solidification processes. Its diversity means that the area has been studied by a number of different disciplines (e.g. chemical or civil engineering, mechanics, hydrodynamics, geophysics, condensed matter and statistical physics, etc.). Mobile Particulate Systems features general, orientational lectures and advanced topics, covering state of the art approaches to the study of suspensions, fluidized beds, sedimentation and granular flows.
Download or read book Microscale Surface Tension and Its Applications written by Pierre Lambert and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on advances in miniaturization and soft matter, surface tension effects are a major key to the development of soft/fluidic microrobotics. Benefiting from scaling laws, surface tension and capillary effects can enable sensing, actuation, adhesion, confinement, compliance, and other structural and functional properties necessary in micro- and nanosystems. Various applications are under development: microfluidic and lab-on-chip devices, soft gripping and manipulation of particles, colloidal and interfacial assemblies, fluidic/droplet mechatronics. The capillary action is ubiquitous in drops, bubbles and menisci, opening a broad spectrum of technological solutions and scientific investigations. Identified grand challenges to the establishment of fluidic microrobotics include mastering the dynamics of capillary effects, controlling the hysteresis arising from wetting and evaporation, improving the dispensing and handling of tiny droplets, and developing a mechatronic approach for the control and programming of surface tension effects. In this Special Issue of Micromachines, we invite contributions covering all aspects of microscale engineering relying on surface tension. Particularly, we welcome contributions on fundamentals or applications related to: Drop-botics: fluidic or surface tension-based micro/nanorobotics: capillary manipulation, gripping, and actuation, sensing, folding, propulsion and bio-inspired solutions; Control of surface tension effects: surface tension gradients, active surfactants, thermocapillarity, electrowetting, elastocapillarity; Handling of droplets, bubbles and liquid bridges: dispensing, confinement, displacement, stretching, rupture, evaporation; Capillary forces: modelling, measurement, simulation; Interfacial engineering: smart liquids, surface treatments; Interfacial fluidic and capillary assembly of colloids and devices; Biological applications of surface tension, including lab-on-chip and organ-on-chip systems.
Download or read book Colloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces written by Bernard P. Binks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of how small solid particles operate at liquid interfaces is minimal. This book brings together the topics actively being investigated, with contributions from experts in the field. It will be of interest to researchers in chemistry, physics, chemical engineering, pharmacy, food science and materials science.
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics written by L D Landau and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid Mechanics, Second Edition deals with fluid mechanics, that is, the theory of the motion of liquids and gases. Topics covered range from ideal fluids and viscous fluids to turbulence, boundary layers, thermal conduction, and diffusion. Surface phenomena, sound, and shock waves are also discussed, along with gas flow, combustion, superfluids, and relativistic fluid dynamics. This book is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an overview of the fundamental equations of fluid dynamics, including Euler's equation and Bernoulli's equation. The reader is then introduced to the equations of motion of a viscous fluid; energy dissipation in an incompressible fluid; damping of gravity waves; and the mechanism whereby turbulence occurs. The following chapters explore the laminar boundary layer; thermal conduction in fluids; dynamics of diffusion of a mixture of fluids; and the phenomena that occur near the surface separating two continuous media. The energy and momentum of sound waves; the direction of variation of quantities in a shock wave; one- and two-dimensional gas flow; and the intersection of surfaces of discontinuity are also also considered. This monograph will be of interest to theoretical physicists.
Download or read book Electrokinetics and Electrohydrodynamics in Microsystems written by Antonio Ramos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the most promising techniques to handle small objects at the micrometer scale are those that employ electrical forces, which have the advantages of voltage-based control and dominance over other forces. The book provides a state-of-the-art knowledge on both theoretical and applied aspects of the electrical manipulation of colloidal particles and fluids in microsystems and covers the following topics: dielectrophoresis, electrowetting, electrohydrodynamics in microsystems, and electrokinetics of fluids and particles. The book is addressed to doctoral students, young or senior researchers, chemical engineers and/or biotechnologists with an interest in microfluidics, lab-on-chip or MEMS.
Download or read book Theoretical Microfluidics written by Henrik Bruus and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidics is a young and rapidly expanding scientific discipline, which deals with fluids and solutions in miniaturized systems, the so-called lab-on-a-chip systems. It has applications in chemical engineering, pharmaceutics, biotechnology and medicine. As the lab-on-a-chip systems grow in complexity, a proper theoretical understanding becomes increasingly important. The basic idea of the book is to provide a self-contained formulation of the theoretical framework of microfluidics, and at the same time give physical motivation and examples from lab-on-a-chip technology. After three chapters introducing microfluidics, the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy, and some basic flow solutions, the following 14 chapters treat hydraulic resistance/compliance, diffusion/dispersion, time-dependent flow, capillarity, electro- and magneto-hydrodynamics, thermal transport, two-phase flow, complex flow patterns and acousto-fluidics, as well as the new fields of opto- and nano-fluidics. Throughout the book simple models with analytical solutions are presented to provide the student with a thorough physical understanding of order of magnitudes and various selected microfluidic phenomena and devices. The book grew out of a set of well-tested lecture notes. It is with its many pedagogical exercises designed as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate course. It is also well suited for self-study.
Download or read book Periodic Precipitation written by H. K. Henisch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing illustrations, worked examples, graphs and tables, this book deals with periodic precipitation (also known as Liesegang Ring formation) in terms of mathematical models and their logical consequences, and is entirely concerned with microcomputer analysis and software development. Three distinctive periodic precipitation mechanisms are included: binary diffusion-reaction; solubility modulation, and competitive particle growth. The book provides didactic illustrations of a valuable investigational procedure, in the form of hypothetical experimentation by microcomputer. The development of appropriate software is described and the resulting programs are available separately on disk. The software (for IBM compatible microcomputers; 5 1/4 and 3 1/2 inch disks available) will be sold separately by, The Carnation Press, PO Box 101, State College, PA 16804, USA.
