Download or read book Spectral selective Surfaces for the Thermal Conversion of Solar Energy written by Marcel van der Leij and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectral selective Surface for the Thermal Conversion of Solar Energy written by M. Vanderleij and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Cost Spectral Selective Surfaces for the Thermal Conversion of Solar Energy written by J.R. Culham and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Selective Surfaces written by O. P. Agnihotri and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981-04-13 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the design, production, evaluation and application of surfaces having high absorptance in the solar spectrum and low emittance at the operating temperature of the solar collection system. Presents current, significant data on the enhancement of solar collector efficiency by the use of selective surfaces.
Download or read book Spectrally Selective Surfaces for Heating and Cooling Applications written by Claes G. Granqvist and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Tutorial Text covers coatings and surface treatments for energy-efficient windows of many different kinds, for solar collectors, and for radiative coolers. The desired spectral properties of these surfaces are introduced through a discussion of the radiation that prevails in our natural ambience. Emphasized are materials options, coating techniques, experimental data on optical properties, theoretical models for pertinent materials, and optimization studies with regard to practical applications. The book should be of interest to people working R&D in industry, universities, and national and international institutions who are engaged in issues related to energy efficiency and solar energy utilization.
Download or read book Solar Energy Conversion written by B. O. Seraphin and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems written by C.G. Granqvist and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid advances in materials technology are creating many novel forms of coatings for energy efficient applications in solar energy. Insulating heat mirrors, selective absorbers, transparent insulation and fluorescent concentrators are already available commercially. Radiative cooling, electrochromic windows and polymeric light pipes hold promise for future development, while chemical and photochemical processes are being considered for energy storage. This book investigates new material advances as well as applications, costs, reliability and industrial production of existing materials. Each contribution represents a landmark in the field of materials science.
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability written by Baldev Raj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 1487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Referenzwerk in drei handlichen Bänden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit in der Energieversorgung. Der erste Band dieses klar strukturierten Nachschlagewerks behandelt nach der Einleitung die Themen Energieerzeugung, erneuerbare Energien, Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung sowie Energieumwandlung und Energy-Harvesting. Im zweiten Band werden auf Nanotechnologie basierte Materialen, Energieeinsparung und -management, technologische und urheberrechtlich relevante Fragen, Märkte und Umweltsanierung erörtert. Der dritte Band wirft einen Blick in die Zukunft, auf technologische Fortschritte und gibt Empfehlungen. Ein wichtiges Handbuch für alle Experten auf diesem Gebiet, von Forschern und Ingenieuren im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bis hin zu Entwicklern in der Industrie.
Download or read book Spectral and Spatial Tuning of Absorption for Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion written by Nicholas P. T. Sergeant and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns society will face in the 21st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost-effective alternative to our traditional greenhouse gas emitting power plants. The most common solar energy conversion processes are solar photovoltaic conversion and solar photothermal conversion. In the first one, solar photons are converted directly into electrical energy, whereas in the latter solar photons are converted into heat. The heat can then be converted into electrical energy by a steam turbine or a thermophotovoltaic cell. In both types of solar energy conversion it is of outmost importance to optimize the absorption process by maximizing the trapping of solar photons inside the photoactive absorber, while minimizing the potential loss mechanisms, such as thermal emission in photothermal conversion or exciton recombination in photovoltaic conversion. In this dissertation coherent light trapping approaches are explored based on wave optics, thus in the regime where light needs to be treated as a wave phenomenon and can be made to interfere or diffract in order to reinforce the electric field in certain regions (spatial tuning) for a desired frequency range (spectral tuning). Photonic design can help spectrally and spatially tune the electric field distribution and consequently the absorption for a specific conversion process, device or application. In chapter 1 we first introduce the physical quantities that will be used throughout this dissertation in greater depth. This chapter covers the optical properties of materials, the physical quantities describing spectral radiance and the emissivity/absorptivity of blackbody and non-blackbody surfaces, as well as the modeling techniques used in the optimization of nanophotonic designs for enhanced absorption or spectral selectivity. In chapter 2 and chapter 3 we focus on spectrally selective absorbers and photon radiators (emitters) for concentrated solar photothermal and thermophotovoltaic applications, respectively. For both applications, spectral tuning of the absorber surface is important. An ideal solar absorber operating at elevated temperature has high absorptivity over the solar spectrum, while suppressing parasitic IR thermal emission from its surface. In chapter 2, we study the use of aperiodic metal-dielectric coatings both on planar as well as on nanostructured substrates, to achieve the desired spectral selectivity over a wide angular range. Based on our modeled results, our optimized aperiodic multilayer stacks have the potential to outperform current commercially available solar thermal coatings. Using a vacuum emissometer, an apparatus that is able to measure the spectral emission of coatings at elevated temperature, we experimentally demonstrate the excellent spectral selectivity of these aperiodic metal-dielectric solar-selective coatings for concentrated solar thermal applications. In chapter 3, we study the use of aperiodic metal-dielectric coatings as photon radiators to achieve high thermophotovoltaic energy conversion at practical temperatures of operation. In chapter 4 we review light trapping strategies for thin-film solar photovoltaic energy conversion. Thin-film solar photovoltaic devices have an enormous potential to reduce the cost of solar electricity. However, because thin photoactive layers are used, optical absorption is incomplete unless light trapping strategies are employed. Since conventional light trapping approaches, based on geometric scattering, are less effective in thin-film devices, coherent light trapping approaches that exploit the wave nature of light are reviewed that have the potential to significantly enhance optical absorption over a broad spectral range. In chapter 5 and chapter 6 we focus on thin-film organic solar cells, a thin-film technology that has great potential to reduce the cost of solar energy conversion by the use of low-cost photoactive materials and the compatibility with high-throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing. In organic photovoltaic cells, the optical absorption is incomplete unless light trapping strategies are employed. As will be shown, it is important to both spectrally and spatially tune the absorption inside the photoactive region to optimize the exciton creation and to minimize parasitic losses. Multilayer metal-dielectric stacks are investigated to enhance absorption efficiency in organic solar cells without sacrificing charge carrier collection efficiency. We have experimentally shown that these multilayer stacks can at the same time serve as a transparent contact as well as enhance photon harvesting, resulting in improved power conversion efficiency. This will be demonstrated on glass substrates in chapter 5, as well as using a roll-to-roll process on flexible substrates in chapter 6.
Download or read book Solar Energy Conversion Systems written by Jeffrey R. S. Brownson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energy conversion requires a different mind-set from traditional energy engineering in order to assess distribution, scales of use, systems design, predictive economic models for fluctuating solar resources, and planning to address transient cycles and social adoption. Solar Energy Conversion Systems examines solar energy conversion as an integrative design process, applying systems thinking methods to a solid knowledge base for creators of solar energy systems. This approach permits different levels of access for the emerging broad audience of scientists, engineers, architects, planners, and economists. Traditional texts in solar energy engineering have often emerged from mechanical or chemical engineering fields. Instead, Solar Energy Conversion Systems approaches solar energy conversion from the perspectives of integrative design, environmental technology, sustainability science, and materials science in the wake of amazing new thin films, polymers, and glasses developed by the optoelectronics and semiconductor industries. This is a new solar text for the new generation of green job designers and developers. It’s highlighted with vignettes that break down solar conversion into useful stories and provides common points of reference, as well as techniques, for effective estimation of evolving technologies. Contextualizes solar conversion for systems design and implementation in practical applications Provides a complete understanding of solar power, from underlying science to essential economic outcomes Analytical approach emphasizes systems simulations from measured irradiance and weather data rather than estimations from "rules of thumb" Emphasizes integrative design and solar utility, where trans-disciplinary teams can develop sustainable solar solutions that increase client well-being and ecosystems services for a given locale
Download or read book Energy a Continuing Bibliography with Indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier written by Ken-ichi Aika and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes important findings in intensive studies conducted in Japan on ammonia as an energy carrier. It illustrates an advanced solar-heat capture system and storage materials at 600°C and hydrogen production with SOECs and a new IS method through the use of heat. New industrial ammonia catalysts and a demonstration process that started running in Fukushima are also introduced. Advanced ammonia decomposition catalysts and the process that were developed for use by the hydrogen station are presented. An advanced direct ammonia fuel cell was developed and the base data are shown. The book explains that ammonia is used as a fuel for industrial applications because its burning can be controlled without emitting extra NOx in the gas turbine and the real coal co-fired power plant. These breakthroughs have made a strong impact in the world as a practical technology for CO2 reduction. Also provided here are the scientific and industrial backgrounds as well as the environmental assessment and economic evaluation for the future.This book will be helpful for all who are interested in energy technology—researchers, students, and strategy planners at companies and in the government.
Download or read book Selective Solar Absorber Materials written by Julia Grace Rubin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current solar to thermal energy conversion technologies, including concentrated solar power (CSP) and solar water heaters (SWH) utilize absorber surfaces that collect incident solar radiation. However, these absorber surfaces emit thermal energy (at their temperature) in the infrared (IR) spectrum, resulting in decreased overall efficiency for solar-to-thermal conversion. Selective absorber surfaces are highly absorptive in the solar spectrum, yet highly reflective in the infrared spectrum and therefore have the potential to minimize thermal energy loss. Copper Oxide (CuO) nanostructures are a candidate selective absorber material due to high absorptivity in the solar spectrum (about 95%), relatively high reflectance in the IR spectrum, scalability, and ease of fabrication. The aim of this study was to analyze optical properties and thermal stability of CuO surfaces in order to assess its feasibility as a selective absorber material. CuO nanostructures were synthesized on copper via chemical wet processing. Samples were thermally cycled to simulate day/night cycles in a typical SWH application. A cycle consisted of 12 hours of heating at 200°C and 12 hours of cooling to ambient temperature. Samples were cycled 1, 2, 3, 8, and 10 times. Surface optical properties were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and compared to optical properties of Pyromark®, the industry standard. Reflectance in the IR spectrum of CuO samples was found to increase after initial heating, whereas the absorptivity decreased. This tradeoff in optical performance resulted in an overall efficiency that remained relatively stable between 0 and 10 cycles (69.5±1.6%, 70.2±1.6%, respectively). CuO samples were found to be roughly 10% more efficient (optical conversion) than Pyromark® (npyromark,3x = 59.5±0.7%), indicating that CuO samples have the potential to be an efficient selective absorber material.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
