Download or read book Special report on environmental endocrine disruption an effects assessment and analysis prepared for the Risk Assessment Forum U S Environmental Protection Agency written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption written by Thomas M. Crisp and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption an Effects Assessment and Analysis written by Environmental Protection Agency EPA : Office of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SPECIAL REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION AN EFFECTS ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY FEBRUAR written by and published by . This book was released on 1998* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Endocrine Disruptors written by A Crain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses many aspects of endocrine disruption by environmental encountered toxic substances. Initial chapters provide essential background information whilst later chapters address specific aspects of endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDC)
Download or read book Review of the Environmental Protection Agency s State of the Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose Response Relationships as they Apply to Endocrine Disruptors written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potential health effects from chemicals that disrupt endocrine function pose an environmental health concern because of their ability to interfere with normal hormone function in human and wildlife populations. The endocrine system regulates biological processes throughout the body and is sensitive to small changes in hormone concentrations. Endocrine-disruptor research has focused primarily on chemicals that affect three hormone pathways that play important roles in reproduction and development - the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways. Some of this research has identified dose-response relationships that have nonmonotonic curves. Nonmonotonic dose-response curves (NMDRs) are of concern because they do not follow the usual assumption made in toxicology that as dose decreases the response also decreases. The existence of NMDRs has been a controversial topic for decades, and there has been considerable debate about their implications for how chemicals are tested and for how risks from such chemicals are assessed. Toxicity tests are designed to identify hazards and to characterize dose-response relationships, so tests are aimed at finding a (high) dose that elicits a response, and dose-response is explored by testing lower doses spaced to identify statistically a no- or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level. The concern for NMDRs is that such studies, as currently designed, might not detect the inflection of the dose-response curve if only a few doses are tested or if the change in inflection occurs below the range of doses tested. Another concern is that some NMDRs are found for biological effects that are not usually evaluated in toxicity tests. If current testing strategies are inadequate to account for NMDRs, changes to risk assessment practices might be necessary. To help address these issues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a draft State-of-the-Science Evaluation: Nonmonotonic Dose Responses as they Apply to Estrogen, Androgen, and Thyroid Pathways and EPA Testing and Assessment Procedures. EPA asked the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of this evaluation to ensure that it is scientifically sound and of high quality. Review of Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-Response as they Apply to Endocrine Disrupters evaluates whether EPA's evaluation presents a scientifically sound and high-quality analysis of the literature on NMDRs. This report reviews how well the EPA evaluation described how the assessment was performed, whether consistent methods and criteria were applied in the analysis of different evidence streams, and whether appropriate methods were applied to evaluating the evidence. The report makes recommendations to improve EPA's process and strengthen the evaluation.
Download or read book Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment written by Sushil K. Khetan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment A concise and engaging overview of endocrine disruption phenomena that brings complex concepts within the reach of non-specialists For most of the last decade, the science of endocrine disruption has evolved with more definitive evidence of its damaging potential to health and environment. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. Divided into three parts, Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment begins with an overview of the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors, discussing their salient features and presenting a historical perspective of endocrine disruption phenomena. It then goes on to cover hormone- signaling mechanisms, followed by various broad classes of putative endocrine disruptors, before introducing readers to environmental epigenetic modifications. Part two of the book focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation. The last section consists of four chapters embracing themes on finding solutions to environmental EDCs—including their detection, regulation, replacement, and remediation. Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is the first book to detail the endocrine effects of several known environmental contaminants and their mechanism of endocrine disruption. Additionally, it: Covers both the chemistry and biology of endocrine disruption and compiles almost all the known endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity Addresses policy and regulatory issues relevant to EDCs including scientific uncertainty and precautionary policy Brings forth the use of Green Chemistry principles in avoiding endocrine disruption in the designing and screening for safer chemicals and remediation of the EDCs in aquatic environment Includes a useful glossary of technical terms, a list of acronyms, topical references, and a subject index Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is an ideal book for environmental chemists and endocrine toxicologists, developmental biologists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, environmental health scientists and advocates, and regulatory officials tasked with risk assessment in environment and health areas.
Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors written by Larry L. Needham and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Endocrine disruptors are chemical compounds that can be found in common products and cause birth defects in humans and animals and other harm. This book looks at recent developments in the area and examines screening/monitoring methods and analytical techniques.
Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Download or read book Endocrine Issues Update written by AJ. Duggan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing controversy that low-level exposures to chemicals and pesticides have caused increased incidences of reproductive system cancers, developmental abnormalities and physical deformities in wildlife and humans. Substances that cause these effects are called endocrine disrupters. The science to address endocrine issues is still developing, but poignant publications, such as Theo Colborn's Our Stolen Future, have fueled the controversy and increased public awareness about endocrine issues. EPA recently issued the "Special Report on Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis Document." The report concluded that environmental contaminants can adversely affect animals and wildlife, but more research is warranted to determine the causal relationship between exposure and adverse health effects in humans. In August 1996, Congress enacted legislation that directed EPA to implement, by August 1999, a screening and testing program to evaluate chemicals and pesticides for endocrine effects. In October 1996, EPA convened a Federal Advisory Committee, EDSTAC (Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee), of stakeholders and scientists from various activist groups, government and industry to assist them in the process.
Download or read book Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Alberto Mantovani and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology – including interactions with other hormone pathways – has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology written by Jean-Francois Férard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its 104 chapters, this Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology reveals the diversity of issues, problems and challenges that have faced, and are facing today, receiving environments. It also indicates ways by which tools, strategies and future investigations can contribute to correct, minimize, solve and prevent water quality degradation. Structured homogeneously, the chapters convey salient information on historical background, features, characteristics, uses and/or applications of treated topics, often complemented by illustrations and case studies, as well as by conclusions and prospects. This work is most suitable for teaching purposes. Academics, for example, could literally deliver comprehensive lectures to students simply based on chapter outlines and contents. Meet the Authors of the Encyclopedia! Check out 'Meet the Authors' under ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Right menu).
Download or read book EPA Special Report On Endocrine Disruption written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Endocrine Disruption experimental Models and Assessment written by Maher Haeba and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine disruptors are an important issue in the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. Hormones regulate numerous biological processes and evaluation of the whole organism response provides more realistic information on physiological and developmental processes that may be directly or indirectly affected by endocrine-disrupting compounds. More research is needed to study effect of EDCs on these three Bioassays (D.magna, X. laevis, L. minor. However, to assess effect of EDCs on bioassay more than one endpoint should be considered.
Download or read book Environmental Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Effects from Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Ecosystem Final Report 09 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three major components of the research included: (a) a biotechnology based screening system to identify potential hormone mimics and antagonists (b) an animal screening system to identify biomarkers of endocrine effects and (c) a literature review to identify compounds at various DOE sites that are potential endocrine disruptors. Species of particular interest in this study were those that can serve as sentinel species (e.g., amphibians) and thus provide early warning signals for more widespread impacts on an ecosystem and its wildlife and human inhabitants. The objective of this basic research is to characterize the potential of common hydrocarbon contaminants in ecosystems to act as endocrine disruptors. Although the endocrine disrupting effects of contaminants such as dioxin and PCBs have been well characterized in both animals and humans, little is known about the capacities of other hydrocarbon contaminants to act as endocrine disruptors. Results obtained from this research project have provided information on endocrine disrupting contaminants for consideration in DOE's risk analyses for determining clean-up levels and priorities at contaminated DOE sites.
Download or read book Temporal Aspects in the Testing of Chemicals for Endocrine Disrupting Effects in Relation to Human Health and the Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine disruptors are exogenous substances or mixtures that alter function(s) of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse health effects in an intact organism, its progeny or (sub) populations. Exposure to endocrine disruptors is of particular concern in phases of critical developmental processes, where the endogenous hormonal systems are particularly vulnerable or sensitive to disturbances during certain developmental life stages (e.g. organogenesis), which may consequently lead to serious and irreversible health effects. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is the responsible body for the development and validation of test guidelines for testing endocrine-disrupting properties. The OECD's "Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters" (as revised in 2012) lists the OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) and standardised test methods available, under development or proposed that can be used to evaluate chemicals for endocrine disruption. However, there are currently gaps and limitations in the existing OECD TGs that hinder the identification of health effects from endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as insufficient coverage of examining the temporal aspects of EDC exposure and effects in the current TGs. Therefore, in order to identify these gaps and limitations of the existing OECD TGs regarding temporal aspects of chemical exposure and effects, a critical literature review on the existing scientific knowledge on this topic was conducted. Afterwards, a comparative analysis was performed between studies following OECD TGs and those using modified or non-OECD TG protocols, e.g. to identify what temporal aspects of EDC exposure and effects have been observed in the non-OECD TG studies but are not addressed in the TGs. This technical report presents the outcomes of the critical literature review and the comparative analysis.
Download or read book Dioxins and Health written by A. Schecter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book originated in a series of cross-disciplinary conversations in the years 1984-1990 between the editor, who is a physician-researcher involved in clinical and laboratory research, and a dioxin toxicologist. During the years in which the conversations took place, an extraordinary amount of new scientific literature was published related to dioxins, defined for purposes of this text as the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphe nyls (PCB's) and other compounds that are structurally and toxicologically similar to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7 ,8-TCDD), the most extensively studied and most toxic of this group of chemicals. Dioxins also began to interest not only chemists and toxicologists, but also specialists from diverse disciplines such as wildlife and environmental science, immunology, neuroscience,public health, epidemiology, med icine, government, law, sociology, and journalism. Specialists from such varied disciplines, while familiar with their own literature, frequently did not have time to follow the dioxin literature outside their specialty area. In addition, each specialty had unique knowledge, methods, and perspectives. Cross disciplinary conversation was necessary, but all too frequently, specialists from the various disciplines did not speak the same language, resulting in misunderstanding.
