Download or read book Spatial Organization at the Immunological Synapse written by Kaspar David Mossman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Organization in the Immune Synapse written by Boryana Nikolaeva Manz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Clustering in Determining Spatial Organization at the Immunological Synapse written by Nina Caculitan Hartman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micron-scale assemblies of molecules are thematic in biology, although their mechanism of formation and exact functional role are oftentimes unknown. The immunological synapse (IS)--the gateway event to the body's initiation of an immune response against infection--is a hallmark example. T cell detection of pathogenic invasion on an antigen-presenting cell leads to the arrangement of receptor-ligand pairs into well-defined concentric zones referred to as supramolecular activation clusters (SMACs). The main signaling molecule, the T cell receptor (TCR), binds its specific foreign peptide-presenting ligand, major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). These complexes form a central cluster in the central SMAC (cSMAC) at the center of the intermembrane junction. Immediately surrounding the cSMAC is the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC), populated by a ring of leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) bound to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this dissertation, we determine how the final IS pattern emerges from a uniform distribution of receptor-ligand pairs. It is known that the actin cytoskeleton drives the centripetal transport of these proteins, but it is unclear how actin sorts them into their final destinations. We postulate that the large-scale sorting of proteins into the different SMACs is a natural consequence of smaller scale protein sorting into microclusters, which may contain hundreds of molecules. To test this, we increase the LFA-1 cluster size two additional degrees beyond its native state with antibody crosslinkers. We either crosslink LFA-1 directly or indirectly with antibodies against its ICAM-1 ligand, which is presented on a supported membrane with the activating pMHC. Progressively more central localization of LFA-1 proportional to the degree of crosslinking results until LFA-1 occupies the cSMAC with TCR. Based on these results, we propose a sorting mechanism based on frictional protein coupling to actin. In the frictional force coupling model, the extent of radial protein transport by actin is determined by the specific coupling chemistry and the protein cluster size. This model predicts cluster size-based protein sorting across the IS. Using fluorescence fluctuation measurements and a small illumination area, we detect a gradient of LFA-1:ICAM-1 cluster sizes across the pSMAC in the native IS, as predicted by our model. Thus, we demonstrate that the well-regulated event of protein clustering is a critical parameter in regulating spatial patterning in the IS.
Download or read book Driving Forces in the Immunological Synapse written by Andrew Lambert DeMond and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Immune Synapse written by Cosima T. Baldari and published by Humana. This book was released on 2024-04-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new collection features the most up-to-date essential protocols that are currently being used to study the immune synapse. Beginning with methods for making biophysical measurements, the volume continues by covering the cell biology of synapses, methods for advanced substrate engineering, mechanobiology topics, new technologies to describe and manipulate synaptic components, as well as methods related to sites of action and immunotherapy. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and fully updated, The Immune Synapse: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal practical guide for researchers working in this dynamic field. Chapters 5, 11,18, 27, 30, and 32 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Molecular Dynamics at the Immunological Synapse written by Pedro Roda-Navarro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immunological synapse (IS) is a specialised cell-cell adhesion that mediates antigen acquisition and regulates the activation of lymphocytes. Initial studies of the IS showed a structure composed of stable supra-molecular activation clusters (SMAC) organised during the interaction of helper T lymphocytes with B lymphocytes, working as antigen presenting cells. A central SMAC of coalesced T cell receptors (TCRs) and a peripheral SMAC for cell-cell adhesion were observed. IS with similar structure was later described during antigen acquisition by B cells and during the interaction of NK cells with target and healthy cells. More recent research developed with microscopy systems that improve the spatial and temporal resolution has showed the complex molecular dynamics at the IS that governs lymphocyte activation. Currently, the IS is seen as a three-dimensional structure where signalling networks for lymphocyte activation and endosomal and cytoskeleton machinery are polarised. A view has emerged in which dynamic microclusters of signalling complexes are composed of molecular components attached to the plasma membrane and other components conveyed on sub-synaptic vesicles transported to the membrane by cytoskeletal fibers and motor proteins. Much information is nonetheless missing about how the dynamics of the endosomal compartment, the cytoskeleton, and signalling complexes are reciprocally regulated to achieve the function of lymphocytes. Experimental evidence also suggests that the environment surrounding lymphocytes exposed to different antigenic challenge regulates IS assembly and functional output, making an even more complex scenario still far from being completely understood. Also, although some signalling molecular components for lymphocyte activation have been identified and thoroughly studied, the function of other molecules has not been yet uncovered or deeply characterised. This research topic aims to provide the reader with the latest information about the molecular dynamics governing lymphocyte activation. These molecular dynamics dictate cell decisions. Thus, we expect that understanding them will provide new avenues for cell manipulation in therapies to treat different immune-related pathologies.
Download or read book The Immunological Synapse Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immunological Synapse, Part A, Volume 173 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. Sections cover Imaging polarized granule release at the cytotoxic T cell immunological synapse using TIRF microscopy: control by polarity regulators, Analysis of centrosomal area actin reorganization and centrosome polarization upon lymphocyte activation at the immunological synapse, P815-based redirected degranulation assay to study human NK cell effector functions, Cytotoxic and Chemotactic Dynamics of Natural Killer Cells Quantified by Live-cell Imaging, Quantification of interaction frequency between antigen-presenting cells and T cells by conjugation assay, and more. Other chapters focus on the Study of the Effects of NK-Tumor Cell Interaction by Proteomic Analysis and Imaging, Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, An in vitro model to monitor natural killer cell effector functions against primary breast cancer, and Standardized Protocol for the Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-modified Cell Immunological Synapse Quality using the Glass-supported Planar L. Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Download or read book Immunological Synapse written by Takashi Saito and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proper physiological functioning of most eukaryotic cells requires their assembly into multi-cellular tissues that form organized organ systems. Cells of the immune system develop in bone marrow and lymphoid organs, but as the cells mature they leave these organs and circulate as single cells. Antigen receptors (TCRs) of T cells search for membrane MHC proteins that are bound to peptides derived from infectious pathogens or cellular transformations. The detection of such speci?c peptide–MHC antigens initiates T cell activation, adhesion, and immune-effectors functions. Studies of normal and transformed T cell lines and of T cells from transgenic mice led to comprehensive understanding of the mole- lar basis of antigen-receptor recognition and signaling. In spite of these remarkable genetic and biochemical advances, other key physiological mechanisms that par- cipate in sensing and decoding the immune context to induce the appropriate cellular immune responses remain unresolved. TCR recognition is tightly regulated to trigger sensitive but balanced T cell responses that result in the effective elimination of the pathogens while minimizing collateral damage to the host. The sensitivity of TCR recognition has to be properly tempered to prevent unintended activation by self-peptide–MHC complexes that cause autoimmune diseases. It is likely that once the TCR is engaged by a peptide– MHC and TCR signaling begins, additional regulatory mechanisms, involving other receptors, would increase the ?delity of the response.
Download or read book The Immunological Synapse Part B written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immunological Synapse - Part B, Volume 178 in the Methods in Cell Biology series provides state-of-the-art methods for the study of the immunological synapse. This first volume covers various aspects on T cell and natural killer (NK) cell synapses, including imaging polarized granule release using TIRF microscopy, analysis of actin reorganization and centrosome polarization, redirected degranulation, live cell-imaging to quantify cytotoxic and chemotactic dynamics, quantification of interactions between APCs and T cells, assessment of membrane lipid state at the immunological synapse, proteomic analysis and imaging of NK-tumor cell interaction, evaluating natural killer cell effector functions against breast cancer cells derived from human tumor tissue, evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cell immunological synapse quality using the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, and monitoring potency of therapeutic CAR T cells. It also includes one chapter on quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus specific T cells and LCMV viral titers, and one chapter on the murine antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis assay. Covers various methods related to the study of the immunological synapse Includes detailed, point-by-point, methods as well as various important notes Provides the authority and expertise from an international board of leading scientists
Download or read book Structural Biology in Immunology written by Chaim Putterman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Biology in Immunology, Structure/Function of Novel Molecules of Immunologic Importance delivers important information on the structure and functional relationships in novel molecules of immunologic interest. Due to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the immune system, the approach to the treatment of many immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease has been dramatically altered. Furthermore, there is an increasing awareness of the critical role of the immune system in cancer biology. The improved central structure function relationships presented in this book will further enhance our ability to understand what defects in normal individuals can lead to disease. Describes novel/recently discovered immunomodulatory proteins, including antibodies and co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules Emphasizes new biologic and small molecule drug design through the exploration of structure-function relationship Features a collaborative editorial effort, involving clinical immunologists and structural biologists Provides useful and practical insights on developing the necessary links between basic science and clinical therapy in immunology Gives interested parties a bridge to learn about computer modeling and structure based design principles
Download or read book BCR Signaling and B Cell Activation written by Wanli Liu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Molecular Organization of Membranes Where Biology Meets Biophysics written by Marek Cebecauer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological membranes protect cells and organelles from the surrounding environment, but serve also as organising platforms for physiological processes such as cell signalling. The hydrophobic core of membranes is composed of lipids and proteins influencing each other. Local membrane composition and properties define its molecular organisation and, in this way, regulate the function of all associated molecules. Therefore, studying interactions of components, biophysical properties and overall membrane dynamics provides essential information on its function in the context of cell activities. Such knowledge can contribute to biomedical fields such as pharmacology, immunology, neurobiology and many others. The goal of the Research Topic entitled ‘Molecular organisation of membranes: where biology meets biophysics’ was to provide a comprehensive platform for publishing articles, reviews and opinions focused on membrane organisation and the forces behind its heterogeneous and dynamic structure. We collected 11 works which cover topics as diverse as general membrane organisation models, membrane trafficking and signalling regulation, biogenesis of caveolae, protein-lipid interactions and the importance of membrane-associated tetraspanins networks. The prevalent theme was the existence of membrane nanodomains. To this point, new emerging technologies are presented which own the power to bring a novel insight on how membrane nanodomains are formed and maintained and what is their function. We believe that the collection of works in this Research Topic brings forward some important questions which will stimulate further research in this difficult but exciting field.
Download or read book The Immune Synapse written by Cosima T. Baldari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new collection features the most up-to-date essential protocols that are currently being used to study the immune synapse. Beginning with methods for making biophysical measurements, the volume continues by covering the cell biology of synapses, methods for advanced substrate engineering, mechanobiology topics, new technologies to describe and manipulate synaptic components, as well as methods related to sites of action and immunotherapy. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and fully updated, The Immune Synapse: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal practical guide for researchers working in this dynamic field. Chapters 5, 11, 18, 27, 30, and 32 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Physics of Biological Membranes written by Patricia Bassereau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-30 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book mainly focuses on key aspects of biomembranes that have emerged over the past 15 years. It covers static and dynamic descriptions, as well as modeling for membrane organization and shape at the local and global (at the cell level) scale. It also discusses several new developments in non-equilibrium aspects that have not yet been covered elsewhere. Biological membranes are the seat of interactions between cells and the rest of the world, and internally, they are at the core of complex dynamic reorganizations and chemical reactions. Despite the long tradition of membrane research in biophysics, the physics of cell membranes as well as of biomimetic or synthetic membranes is a rapidly developing field. Though successful books have already been published on this topic over the past decades, none include the most recent advances. Additionally, in this domain, the traditional distinction between biological and physical approaches tends to blur. This book gathers the most recent advances in this area, and will benefit biologists and physicists alike.
Download or read book ImmunoPhysics and ImmunoEngineering written by Jorge Bernardino De La Serna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ImmunoPhysics (ImmPhys) and ImmunoEngineering (ImmPhysEng), are two cross-disciplinary fields. ImmPhysEng aims to unravel quantitatively the immune-system function and regulation in health and disease. Whereas ImmPhys study and assess the physical basis of the immune response, ImmEng pursues its control and prediction. Ultimately, the overarching goal of these disciplines is to facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions to more precisely modulate and control the compromised immune response during diseases. Lately, these disciplines are becoming more popular and as such, the number of publications applying physical or engineering tools to understand the immune response is increasing. Nevertheless, there is still no scientific forum compiling the ImmPhysEng research breakthroughs. Possibly the biggest burden is to stimulate a fluent communication and syntony between a physicist or engineer and an immunologist.
Download or read book General Principles of Tumor Immunotherapy written by Howard L. Kaufman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-22 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the world’s leading authorities on tumor immunology. This book describes the basic immunology principles that form the foundation of understanding how the immune system recognizes and rejects tumor cells. The role of the innate and adaptive immune responses is discussed and the implications of these responses for the design of clinical strategies to combat cancer are illustrated.
Download or read book Cell Membrane Structures Advances in Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Membrane Structures: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Cell Membrane Structures. The editors have built Cell Membrane Structures: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Cell Membrane Structures in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Cell Membrane Structures: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
