Download or read book SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROTHERMAL MINERALS AND SOURCES OF HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS INFERRED FROM LIGHT STABLE ISOTOPES KEWEENAW PENINSULA NATIVE COPPER DISTRICT MICHIGAN written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Hydrothermal native copper deposits are hosted by Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift-filling volcanic and sedimentary rocks in Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula. The genesis of the native copper deposits has been a point of interest since their discovery. Native copper and associated mineral assemblages vary temporally and spatially. A refined mineral paragenesis is presented and used as the basis to spatially compare mineral assemblages as it is essential that spatial comparison involve only minerals that are temporally/genetically, related to each other. The main-stage minerals associated with precipitation of native copper are spatially zoned. The higher-grade zones correspond to the area of native copper deposits and cross-cut stratigraphy. Late-stage minerals are superimposed on main-stage minerals and are not spatially zoned. The mineral assemblages can be equated to temperature of precipitation through previously published experimental metamorphic petrology, mineral chemistry, and stable isotope pairs. Synthesis of previously published and new light stable isotopic data on hydrothermal minerals are used to draw inferences about the sources of the hydrothermal fluids. The equated temperatures of precipitation with isotopic fractionation equations are used to calculate the isotopic composition of the hydrothermal fluids. The oxygen isotopic composition of main-stage hydrothermal fluids based on isotopic composition of calcite, quartz, and chlorite, when combined with limited hydrogen isotope data for chlorite, epidote, and pumpellyite infer that the fluids were generated by metamorphogenic processes. These copper-bearing hydrothermal/metamorphogenic fluids rose from the deep source zone and mixed with meteoric waters in the zone of precipitation of native copper and associated minerals. Prior to mixing, the relatively shallow meteoric waters may have evolved in the rift-filling clastic sedimentary rocks overlying rift-filling basalts. Main-stage calcite can be distinguished from late-stage calcite by oxygen and carbon isotopes suggesting a different source of the late-stage hydrothermal fluids. The late-stage hydrothermal fluids are primarily meteoric waters although the meteoric waters may also have evolved in the rift-filling sedimentary rocks. Mixing of late-stage fluids with metamorphogenic fluids cannot be precluded. This study confirms the long-held hypothesis that the native copper precipitating hydrothermal fluids were generated by burial metamorphism. The hypothesis that fluid mixing was a mechanism promoting precipitation of native copper is supported by this study. In contrast, post-native copper late-stage fluids are dominantly meteoric water.
Download or read book Hydrothermal Fluid Flow in the New World Mining District and the Heart Mountain Fault written by Amanda J. Green and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrothermal Fluid Flow in the New World Mining District and Its Involvement with the Heart Mounatin Fault written by Steven M. Shultz and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fluid inclusion Petrology written by John Thomas Nash and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary of new and published descriptions of fluid inclusions from 36 porphyry copper deposits and discussion of possible applications to exploration for copper deposits.
Download or read book Hydrothermal Minerals and Stable Isotope Ratios at Sevenmile Hole written by Andrew Joseph Lonero and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water rhyolite Interaction in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System written by Jeffrey Todd Cullen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In caldera-hosted rhyolitic hydrothermal systems, thermal waters, which are expelled to the surface through geysers and hot springs, provide a window into the conditions of water-rock interaction and element source/transport pathways of the dissolved components. By conducting hydrothermal experiments, we can constrain element behaviors during water-rock (W-R) interaction which enhances our ability to accurately interpret natural thermal waters and thus gain insights into processes occurring at depth in the hydrothermal system. This dissertation focuses on constraining elemental and isotopic behaviors during water rock interactions under conditions appropriate of continental, rhyolitic-caldera-hosted hydrothermal systems; more specifically the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System. In Chapter 2, I conduct water-rhyolite experiments over a temperature range of 150°C-350°C to constrain element leaching behaviors at each temperature, the secondary minerals formed, and how the secondary minerals control the concentrations of certain essential proxy fluid-mobile trace elements (Cl, F, Br, Li, and B). The experiments show rhyolite obsidian is stable at T ≤ 250°C. No alteration occurs and F is mobilized readily out of the rock by hydration exchange reactions. Cl and B are not leached from the rock. At T ≥ 275 °C, the rhyolite is completely broken down and recrystallized to the zeolite, ferrierite. Fluorine has affinity for the zeolite and is removed from solution into this phase, whereas Cl and B are completely leached from the rock and remain in solution. Li is moderately fluid mobile over the entire temperature range. In Chapter 3, I investigate the Cl, Li, and B stable isotope behaviors of the experimental materials in order to determine whether these isotopes fractionate during water rock interaction. The experimental results are compared with natural Yellowstone thermal waters from Upper Geyser Basin (UGB). The results indicate that Cl and B isotopes fractionate negligibly during leaching and during precipitation of ferrierite at T ≥ 275 °C. 7Li is only preferentially released into solution during leaching at T ≤ 250°C. The Cl, Li, and B isotope compositions of Upper Geyser Basin (UGB) waters reflect the leaching from host rhyolites with little to no fractionation. Elemental ratios suggest a small fraction of Cl and perhaps Li are derived from a magmatic source. In Chapter 4, I generate aqueous geochemical data from an extensive suite of Yellowstone thermal waters we collected between 2014 and 2016 (n = 141) from 11 separate geyser basins/thermal areas in the Yellowstone Hydrothermal System to uncover chemical correlations between thermal areas and water types across the entire system. Data are in good agreement with the experimental results. delta37Cl, values are relatively uniform throughout, and indicate leaching from host rhyolites. In alkaline-chloride dominant thermal areas, delta7Li, and delta11B values indicate leaching of host rhyolites with minimal fractionation and/or interaction with preciously altered rhyolites. In acid-SO4 and mixed SO4-Cl areas, delta7Li, and delta11B values are consistent with fractionation due to interaction with secondary clay minerals. Higher resolution investigation of UGB thermal waters reveals spatial correlations with compositions and inferred reservoir equilibrium temperatures.
Download or read book Subsea Mineral Resources written by Vincent Ellis McKelvey and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volcanic Geothermal and Ore forming Fluids written by Stuart Frank Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Mineral Deposits written by Kula Misra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral deposits have supplied useful or valuable material for human consumption long before they became objects of scientific curiosity or commercial exploitation. In fact, the earliest human interest in rocks was probably because of the easily accessible, useful (e. g. , red pigment in the form of earthy hematite) or valuable (e. g. , native gold and gemstones) materials they contained at places. In modem times, the study of mineral deposits has evolved into an applied science employing detailed field observations, sophisticated laboratory techniques for additional information, and computer modeling to build complex hypotheses. Understanding concepts that would someday help geologists to find new mineral deposits or exploit the known ones more efficiently have always been, and will continue to be, at the core of any course on mineral deposits, but it is a fascinating subject in its own right, even for students who do not intend to be professional economic geologists. I believe that a course on mineral deposits should be designed as a "capstone course" that illustrates a comprehensive application of concepts from many other disciplines in geology (mineralogy, stratigraphy and sedimentation, structure and tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, paleontology, geomorphology, etc. ). This book is intended as a text for such an introductory course in economic geology, primarily for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities. It should also serve as a useful information resource for professional economic geologists.
Download or read book Hydrothermal Uranium Deposits written by Robert A. Rich and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Noble Gas Geochemistry written by Minoru Ozima and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Southwest Pacific Rim Gold copper Systems written by Greg John Corbett and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Download or read book Revisions of Stratigraphic Nomenclature Within the Keweenawan Supergroup of Northern Michigan written by William F. Cannon and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary, volcanic, metamorphic, and plutonic rocks of Permian to Quaternary age are named, described, and correlated using standard stratigraphic sections.
Download or read book The Role of Halogens in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Geochemical Processes written by Daniel E. Harlov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the knowledge and experiences concerning the role of halogens during various geochemical processes, such as diagenesis, ore-formation, magma evolution, metasomatism, mineralization, and metamorphism in the crust and mantle of the Earth. It comprises the role of halogens in other terrestrial worlds like volatile-rich asteroids, Mars, and the ice moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Review chapters outline and expand upon the basis of our current understanding regarding how halogens contribute to the geochemical/geophysical evolution and stability of terrestrial worlds overall.
Download or read book Copper Porphyries written by Alexander Sutulov and published by Backbeat Books. This book was released on 1974 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
