Download or read book Space use and Movement of Canada Geese in Response to Hunting Pressure and Anthropogenic Land Use written by Karen Brzezinski and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North American landscape has changed drastically over the last century through the conversion of wetlands, grasslands, and forests to intensive agriculture and urban development to meet human needs. Increased human use of the landscape affects wildlife's access to resources, behavior, and survival. Understanding wildlife behavior in relation to direct and indirect anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to develop appropriate and effective land use policies, management regulations, and conservation plans. The direct effects of anthropogenic disturbance can result from human recreation activities, such as ecotourism, wherein species tend to increase vigilance, stress hormones, and flight distance when humans are present. Anthropogenic disturbance affects wildlife indirectly through land conversion, which can disconnect habitats, thwart dispersal, and limit population size and range. However, some species have managed to thrive in human-dominated landscapes, like waterfowl that take advantage of fallow croplands and turfgrass monocultures for reliable food sources. For prey species, predation avoidance exerts a strong influence on behavior and space use. The landscape of fear describes an individual's cognitive map that incorporates perceived cyclical temporal and spatial variations in predation risk across the landscape. Further, the predation risk allocation hypothesis suggests that animals allocate feeding and anti-predator efforts variably in response to predation risk, trading-off between foraging and vigilance behavior based on perceived risk. Prey species may also perceive some sources of anthropogenic disturbance as a component of the landscape of fear. For example, a grouse species in Europe (Tetrao urogallus) exhibited decreased activity in suitable habitats with higher levels of recreation. For game species, hunters are part of an animal's landscape of fear. Hunting pressure has direct impacts on individuals through harvest and may have indirect impacts on behavior, such as changes in movement rates, habitat preference, and decreased foraging efficiency that reduces body condition. Hunting-related changes in activity and space-use patterns have been documented in a variety of species and environmental settings. In ungulate populations, researchers have observed hunting-related increases in movement rates with no corresponding changes in habitat selection, and it has been suggested that the magnitude of response is related to variation in exposure to risk. Many waterfowl species have also demonstrated measurable but inconsistent changes in landscape use and activity in response to hunting. For example, studies showed that hunting, whether from fixed (e.g., stationary blind) or mobile (e.g., boat) points prompted waterfowl to leave a site immediately but did not decrease overall abundance at the site. Providing waterfowl with access to undisturbed refuges has been identified as an effective management tool to buffer the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, and waterfowl have been shown to move to refuges during the hunting season. Waterfowl's response to anthropogenic disturbance, including hunting, has been studied across a wide range of species and regions, often using direct observation or low-frequency tracking, which has limited the scope of inference. However, management of waterfowl remains a key focus of many hunter-affiliated conservation organizations and government agencies, and additional research using modern techniques is necessary for effective population management. Importantly, despite hunter retention and recruitment decreasing in recent decades, hunting remains a primary source of funding for state and federal wildlife conservation and management programs. In Pennsylvania, hunting-related purchases contribute one billion dollars to gross domestic product annually. Goose hunting in Pennsylvania accounts for a large portion of goose hunting in the eastern U.S. Geese (Anser spp and Branta spp.) harvested in Pennsylvania comprise approximately 20% of geese harvested within the Atlantic Flyway. The Pennsylvania Game Commission operates Wildlife Management Areas, which are specifically managed to create hunting opportunities and increase game species by providing quality breeding and foraging habitat and undisturbed areas of refuge. Two management-related goals of this study were to understand how resident Canada geese (Branta canadensis) move across the landscape during the hunting season and which habitat characteristics support nesting and foraging year-round, which can guide management decisions that maximize both goose abundance and hunting opportunities. Further, we aimed to expand our understanding of the landscape of fear by evaluating how this game species navigates the trade-off between threats and resources during the hunting season. By fitting resource selection functions and hidden Markov models to analyze fine-scale telemetry data from non-migratory geese that use carefully managed hunting areas, we will improve our understanding of Canada goose movement and habitat use with respect to hunting disturbance. The results will not only provide information about effective population management, but also provide insights into behavioral adaptations for predator avoidance.
Download or read book Perspective written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nesting and Brood rearing Ecology of Resident Canada Geese in New Jersey written by Katherine Guerena and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlantic Flyway Resident Population (AFRP) of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in New Jersey has grown so considerably during the last thirty years that it is now considered a nuisance in urban areas (United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2003). New Jersey is also the most densely human populated state in the nation, with intensive urbanization of agricultural and natural lands. Development of corporate parks and urban areas with manicured lawns and artificial ponds offer ideal nesting habitat for AFRP geese, with limited pressure from hunting or natural predators. As a result, spatial heterogeneity in reproduction and survival must be taken into account in managing the population. My objectives for this study were to 1) identify the spatial scale/s at which land use features influence nest site selection and nest success, 2) estimate nesting parameters across three decades and identify variables that influence productivity, and 3) estimate pre-fledged gosling survival from hatch until summer molt banding efforts, in order to assist in developing a spatially-explicit population model for AFRP geese in New Jersey. I conducted a two-year (2009-2010) nesting ecology study of AFRP Canada geese, and compared it to data collected in New Jersey from 1985-1989 and 1995-1997. Nest searches were conducted on 250 1-km2 plots throughout the state, and 309 nests were monitored through hatch to determine the fate. I ran a spatial correlation analysis of land use composition to nest success during 2009-2010 to identify spatial scales at which geese respond to their environment for nest site selection and nest success. All significant spatial scales were at or below 2250m for the five classified land use types. Geese responded to human dominated land uses at a smaller scale than land uses with low human density. Mean clutch size at hatch in 2009-2010 was 4.66 eggs (SE ± 0.12 eggs) and 4.76 eggs (SE ± 0.16 eggs), respectively. Mean hatchability in 2009-2010 was 0.86 (SE ± 0.02) and 0.81 (SE ± 0.02), respectively. I estimated nest success at 0.44 (SE ± 0.05) in 2009 and 0.41 (SE ± 0.05) in 2010. Variables important to nest success from 1985-1989 were the age of the nest, year, extreme high temperature, nest density, rural residential land use at the landscape scale, commercial at the site level, and daily precipitation. Variables important to nest success for 1995-1997 were the age of the nest, date of nest initiation, year, physiographic stratum, extreme high temperature, rural residential land use at the landscape level, and agricultural land use at the site level. Variables important to nest success for 2009-2010 were the age of the nest and date of nest initiation. Nest success decreased during the duration of the study, likely due to an increase in reproductive control efforts. Additionally, I conducted a two-year (2009-2010) gosling survival study from hatch until annual banding efforts in late-June at 12 known nesting and brood rearing sites. To estimate gosling survival, I used 1) mark-recapture of web tagged goslings to estimate partial brood loss, 2) radio-collared breeding adults to estimate total brood loss, and 3) observations of broods associated with marked adults and color-marked broods to quantify mortality during the first two weeks after hatch. The proportion of breeding adults that experienced total brood loss was 0.316. The remaining proportion of breeding adults was subject to partial brood loss (0.684), which was estimated at 0.465 (SE ± 0.026) for 56 days. The overall survival estimate for 56 days after hatch was 0.318 (SE ± 0.018). Select environmental and density-dependent variables were used to build candidate models to identify sources of variation in partial brood loss. The number of broods at the site was negatively related to brood survival. The percent agriculture within 215 m was positively related to brood survival. Managers are encouraged to consider scale-dependent relationships in identifying habitat-wildlife relationships, and if population control of AFRP Canada geese is of primary interest, then focus on habitat management at the local scale will most likely have the largest influence. Developing productivity trends should assist in understanding the dynamics of recruitment as a function of population size, spatial distribution, and human influence. I recommend that managers consider land use and human development as important features in identifying the driving forces of productivity in AFRP Canada geese.
Download or read book Distribution and Movement of Canada Geese in Response to Management Changes in East Central Wisconsin 1975 81 written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Movements and Resource Use by Canada Geese Affiliated with Kent County Maryland written by William Francis Harvey and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canada Geese of the Atlantic Flyway written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Approaches to Canada Goose Management written by Harvey K. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 15 years considerable attention has been focused on research and management problems associated with the Mississippi Valley population of Canada Geese. The general breeding, migration, and wintering ranges are well defined. Because this flock is closely associated with national wildlife refuges and State management areas in Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and the majority of this population winters in southern Illinois and vicinity, it has been possible to determine quite accurately annual total population trends, annual harvest rates, and the breeding potential of the population sent back to the breeding grounds each spring. Based on knowledge accumulated for this population, steps are being taken to compile similar information for other major continental Canada goose populations.
Download or read book Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments written by Arthur E. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you're a parks manager, waterfront property owner or golf-course superintendent, you may be dealing with one of the drawbacks of the Canada goose success story - resident, nonmigratory geese. As Canada goose numbers have soared in recent years, so have complaints about urban goose problems - primarily goose droppings, overgrazing and trampling of vegetation, and aggressive behavior toward humans. Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments is a 42-page guide to legal, effective ways of persuading problem geese to go elsewhere. The guide includes an overview of goose biology and behavior, but most of the text is devoted to management and control techniques, arranged by their physical impact on the geese. The techniques range from basic (quit feeding the birds) to extensive - habitat modification, hazing and scaring techniques, chemical repellents, control of reproduction, and removal. For example, the habitat section reviews fences and overhead wires and grids, plant and rock barriers, and modification of vegetation, shorelines, islands and ponds. The hazing discussion covers noisemakers such as fireworks and propane cannons, goose scarecrows and other visual scare techniques, and dogs trained to patrol for geese. Tables provide a quick summary of timing, cost, necessary permits, strengths and weaknesses of each technique. The guide also discusses the human and political dimensions of urban goose management, and how to develop an integrated management strategy. It lists on-line information sources, as well as contact information for equipment suppliers and wildlife control agencies. "Urban Canada goose populations have increased dramatically in both numbers and distribution over the past 10 to 15 years. Almost any body of water, especially in southeast Wisconsin, can expect geese, if they aren't there already, " says co-author Scott Craven, extension wildlife ecologist at UW-Madison's College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. "Small numbers of geese are attractive and highly desirable, but it's very easy to quickly experience too much of a good thing. Information on living with geese has not been readily available, and some 'solutions' may have little chance of actual success. The guide provides would-be goose managers with the information they need to address a very complex urban wildlife problem." (http://www.cals.wisc.edu/media/news/02_99/goose_doo.html).
Download or read book Status and Distribution of Canada Geese in the Pilot Land Use Planning Area written by P. R. Hildebrand and published by Pas, Man. : Manitoba Mines, Resources, Environmental Management, Division of Research and Planning, Resource Projects. This book was released on 1974 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Hazing Techniques and Translocation to Increase Dispersal of Resident Canada Geese written by Robin Ann Holevinski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rocky Mountain Population of the Western Canada Goose written by William B. Krohn and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The western Canada goose (Branta canadensis moffitti) was divided into a Rocky Mountain population (RMP) and a Pacific population (PP) on the basis of band recovery programs examined in this study and recovery data from other investigators. Habitat information provided a base line for evaluating future changes in nesting, molting, and wintering areas. Topics covered in the discussion of breeding biology are nesting chronology, spring population composition, breeding age, clutch size, nesting success, artificial nesting structures, and gosling survival. Some management recommendations include the refinement and standardization of spring and winter aerial surveys, and more accurate age and sex determinations when geese are banded and color-marked.
Download or read book Canada Goose Management written by Wildlife Society. North Central Section and published by Madison, Wis. : Dembar Educational Research Services. This book was released on 1968 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on papers presented at a Wildlife Society Symposium held December 13th, 1967 at Madison, Wisconsin.
Download or read book Arctic Ecosystems in Peril written by Bruce D. J. Batt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Movement Patterns and Sub population Structure of Resident Canada Geese in Conecticut written by Min. T. Huang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Hunting Pressure on Canada Geese in the Flathead Valley written by John Johnson Craighead and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior Habitat Use and Mortality of Canada Geese Using Hunting Closure Areas in North Dakota written by Jonathan A. Ross and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World of the Canada Goose written by and published by Philadelphia : Lippincott. This book was released on 1968 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
