Download or read book Soybean Cultivar Responses to and Epidemiological Studies of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum written by Stephen Ngakhala Wegulo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genistein inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum on water agar at 120 and 240 [Mu]M when incubated at 18 and 26 C. Diseased plants were detected in an inoculum-free soybean field at least 50 m from an adjacent corn field infested with S. sclerotiorium. Disease gradients in the soybean field were best described by the Kiyosawa and Shiyomi model (R2 = 0.86). Within soybean fields, diseased plants were detected 20-45 m from area and strip sources of S. sclerotiorum inoculum. Disease incidence decreased with increasing distance from point sources of apothecia placed at the centers of soybean plots.
Download or read book Studies on the Reaction of Soybean to SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM Causal Agent of Stem Rot of Soybean written by Laura Beth Kao and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Soybean Accessions and Cultivars to Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum written by David Darold Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of an Assay for Resistance to Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum Infection of Soybean and Investigations Into the Cause of the Variability Within a Genotype for Tolerance to the Fungus written by Clay Hurd Sneller and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Refinement of Integrated Management Strategies for Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean written by Jaime Fay Willbur and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), or white mold, is caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and is one of the top ten yield reducing diseases of soybean worldwide. Complete commercial resistance is confounded by an incomplete understanding of resistance mechanisms and the diversity within S. sclerotiorum populations. Characterization of a diverse isolate collection facilitated the selection of a representative panel of isolates for use in ongoing germplasm resistance evaluations. These isolates were used to further identify candidate germplasm lines exhibiting durable SSR resistance for further integration into commercial soybean cultivars. Monitoring infection of resistant and susceptible lines further helped to understand S. sclerotiorum infection and potential resistance mechanisms. Chemical control is also currently incomplete and, in some cases, unnecessary as disease development requires conditions conducive for simultaneous apothecial germination, ascospore release, and soybean flowering. Multiple site-years of fungicide efficacy trials were evaluated using meta-analyses to identify effective control programs, which will assist growers in making economical management decisions. Risk assessment tools are sometimes used to more accurately predict the timing of effective fungicide applications; however, reliable tools were not available in soybean systems prior to this research. In the SSR pathosystem, dense canopies, cool temperatures, high relative humidity, and moist soil conditions have been shown to favor S. sclerotiorum infection and subsequent disease development. Additionally, studies have shown that apothecial development is sensitive to a narrow range of ultraviolet wavelengths (276-319 nm). Virtual weather data and detailed epidemiological studies have led to the development and validation of models for non-irrigated and irrigated fields which predict apothecial presence based on 30-day averages of mean air temperature, relative humidity, and maximum leaf wetness. These models will be incorporated into a mobile web-based recommendation tool. Moreover, controlled environment and in-field light studies have identified a crucial range of light (295-330 nm) which are required for apothecial development and could be targeted to further improvement of SSR management. Overall, the development of germplasm with broad-spectrum resistance, the study of resistance mechanisms, multiple site-year fungicide efficacy evaluations, and an optimized spray advisory system will provide a new, fresh approach to integrated management of SSR in soybean.
Download or read book Ecological and Quantitative Studies of Occurrence of Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum in the North Central Region of the United States written by Asimina Leonidas Mila and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 90's, Sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, has emerged as a serious problem in the north-central soybean production region of the United States. Understanding the epidemiology of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and developing models that explain, and eventually may forecast, the risk of SSR occurrence in the region may help extension specialists and growers manage the disease. Regional prevalence of soybean SSR was modeled using historical data collected between 1995 and 1998 from 4 states of the North-Central Region of the United States (Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota and Ohio). Tillage practices, soil texture, and summer weather variables from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (average monthly air temperature and total precipitation during July and August) were used as input variables. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of stem rot prevalence in the four states. A developed model had high explanatory power (77.8%). Bayesian analysis suggested that the four-year data set used in the analysis may not be informative enough to produce reliable estimates of the effect of some explanatory variables on SSR prevalence. The variable most sensitive to extra-sample incorporated information was precipitation of August. The relationships between management practices, weather variables and soybean yield were examined using multiple linear regression to investigate whether high potential yield environments are also high SSR risk environments. Occurrence of SSR was indeed found to be strongly associated with high attainable yield. Differences in soil temperature and water potential have been observed under different combinations of tillage regimes and planting row widths, with soil surface temperature and moisture fluctuating more under the combination of no tillage and wide rows than under other combinations. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soil temperature and water potential fluctuations on sclerotium germination, and apothecium production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Our results showed that small temperature fluctuations increased sclerotia germination and apothecium production compared to large or no temperature fluctuations. Moisture fluctuations were detrimental to sclerotium germination and apothecium production, with the constant saturation treatment yielding the highest number of germinated sclerotia and apothecia.
Download or read book Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants Biology Ecology and Disease Management written by G. S. Saharan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-01 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fungus Sclerotinia has always been a fancy and interesting subject of research both for the mycologists and pathologists. More than 250 species of the fungus have been reported in different host plants all over the world that cause heavy economic losses. It was a challenge to discover weak links in the disease cycle to manage Sclerotinia diseases of large number of crops. For researchers and s- dents, it has been a matter of concern, how to access voluminous literature on Sclerotinia scattered in different journals, reviews, proceedings of symposia, workshops, books, abstracts etc. to get a comprehensive picture. With the pub- cation of book on ‘Sclerotinia’, it has now become quite clear that now only three species of Sclerotinia viz. , S. sclerotiorum, S. minor and S. trifoliorum are valid. The authors have made an excellent attempt to compile all the available infor- tion on various aspects of the fungus Sclerotinia. The information generated so far has been presented in different chapters. After introducing the subject various aspects viz. , the diseases, symptomatology, disease assessment, its distribution, economic importance, the pathogen, its taxonomy, nomenclature, reproduction, reproductive structures with fine details, variability, perpetuation, infection and pathogenesis, biochemical, molecular and physiological aspects of host-pathogen interaction, seed infection, disease cycle, epidemiology and forecasting, host resistance with sources of resistance, mechanism of resistance and other mana- ment strategies have been covered.
Download or read book Lettuce Drop written by Owen Francis Burger and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trichoderma written by Mohammad Manjur Shah and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichoderma is a genus of fungi that are present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi. They are also the most successful biofungicides used in today's agriculture. These green-colored fungi are well known for their antifungal and plant-growth-stimulating effects. This book provides comprehensive information on Trichoderma and its use in medical, agricultural and industrial applications. Section I focuses mainly on identification of Trichoderma species, and Section II is concerned with Trichoderma as a biological control agent. Chapters in these sections cover topics ranging from taxonomic status and biodiversity to biochemical analysis and bio-control application.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Plant Genetic Diversity written by Mahmut Caliskan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Molecular Basis of Plant Genetic Diversity presents chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic variations existing in plant populations. Natural populations contain a considerable genetic variability which provides a genomic flexibility that can be used as a raw material for adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The analysis of genetic diversity provides information about allelic variation at a given locus. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows the detailed analyses and evaluation of genetic diversity in plants and also, the detection of genes influencing economically important traits. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation by presenting the thoughts of scientists who are engaged in the generation of new ideas and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from very different perspectives. The book should prove useful to students, researchers, and experts in the area of conservation biology, genetic diversity, and molecular biology.
Download or read book Compendium of Potato Diseases written by W. J. Hooker and published by International Potato Center. This book was released on 1981 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disease in the absence of infectious pathogens. Genetic abnormalities. Adverse environment. Nutrient imbalance. Disease in the presence of infectious pathogens. Fungi. Viruses. Mycoplasmas. Insect toxins. Nematodes. Aphids. Seed potato certification.
Download or read book Bean Production Problems in the Tropics written by Howard F. Schwartz and published by CIAT. This book was released on 1989 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first section reviews trends of bean production and constraints in Latin America and Africa. The second section covers fungal diseases. The third section, bacterial diseases. The fourth section, viral and mycoplasma diseases. The fifth section, insect pests. The last section, other bean production constraints, that is, nutritional disorders, nematodes, seed pathology, and additional problems.
Download or read book Experimental Techniques in Plant Disease Epidemiology written by Jürgen Kranz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most books on epidemiology have treated the subject from a statistical, mathematical or computer applicational point of view. However, experiments must be performed first to provide the data for models which in turn can then be proven by further experimentation. This mutual interplay of theory and empirics gives epidemiology its scientific thrust and charm. This book provides a choice of methods for varying applications and objectives, covering all important aspects for the designing of experiments. Furthermore, the reader is supplied with solutions to his experimental problems and many "tricks of the trade". The newcomer to the field will also profit by this methodology guide.
Download or read book Rhizoctonia Species Taxonomy Molecular Biology Ecology Pathology and Disease Control written by B. Sneh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Control, written by the world's most reputable experts in their respective fields of Rhizoctonia research, summarizes years of research in the various aspects of the ubiquitous complex group of soil-borne fungi belonging to the anamorph genus Rhizoctonia. Species of Rhizoctonia worldwide cause economically important diseases on most of the world's important plants such as cereals, potato, cotton, sugarbeet, vegetables, ornamentals and trees in nurseries. The subject reviews covered in the book include classic as well as modern approaches to Rhizoctonia research in: Taxonomy and Evolution, Genetics and Pathogenicity, Plant-Rhizoctonia Interactions, Ecology, Population and Disease Dynamics, Disease Occurrence and Management in Various Crops, Cultural Control, Biological Control, Germplasm for Resistance, Chemical and Integrated Control Strategies. It aims to be the standard reference source book on Rhizoctonia for the next decade or more, just as Parmeter et al. (1970) has been in the past. It will be an important publication for Rhizoctonia investigators, plant pathologists, students, extension specialists, crop producers and companies dealing with plant disease control.
