Download or read book Sources of Ethnic Inequality in Vietnam written by Dominique Van de Walle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To redress ethnic inequality in Vietnam, it is not enough to target poor area. Policies must be designed to reach minority households in poor areas, to open up options by ensuring that minority groups are not disadvantaged (in labor markets, for example).
Download or read book Sources of Ethnic Inequality in Vietnam written by Dominique P. van de Walle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To redress ethnic inequal ...
Download or read book Sources of Ethnic Inequality in Vietnam written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sources of Ethnic Inequality in Vietnam written by Dominique van de Walle and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sources od Ethnic Inequality in Vietnam written by Dominique Van de Walle and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language Mixed Communes and Infrastructure written by Hoa Thi Minh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Re-examining the sources of ethnic inequality in Vietnam, we use an instrumental variable approach to provide consistent estimators of explanatory variables at household and commune levels for ethnic differences in household expenditure per person. Four key conclusions are drawn. First, removing language barriers significantly reduces ethnic inequality, especially through enhancing the gains earned by minorities from education. Second, variations in returns to education favour the majority in mixed communes, suggesting that the special needs of minority students have not been adequately addressed, or that there exists unequal treatment in the labour market. Third, with the exception of hard-surfaced roads, there is little difference in the benefits drawn from enhanced infrastructure at the commune level across ethnic groups. Finally, contrary to established views, we find that as much as 49 to 66 percent of the ethnic gap is attributed to differences in endowments, not to differences in the returns to endowments.
Download or read book Social Inequality in Vietnam and the Challenges to Reform written by Philip Taylor and published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. This book was released on 2004 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers detailed descriptions of disparities in income, spatial access, gender, ethnicity and statue, addressing their causes and consequencese. It illustrates the changing ways in which people have accumulated wealth, social and cultural capital in Vietnam's move from a socialist to a market-oriented society. Taylor from ANU.
Download or read book Indigenous Peoples Poverty and Development written by Gillette H. Hall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book that documents poverty systematically for the world's indigenous peoples in developing regions in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The volume compiles results for roughly 85 percent of the world's indigenous peoples. It draws on nationally representative data to compare trends in countries' poverty rates and other social indicators with those for indigenous sub-populations and provides comparable data for a wide range of countries all over the world. It estimates global poverty numbers and analyzes other important development indicators, such as schooling, health, and social protection. Provocatively, the results show a marked difference in results across regions, with rapid poverty reduction among indigenous (and non-indigenous) populations in Asia contrasting with relative stagnation - and in some cases falling back - in Latin America and Africa. Two main factors motivate the book. First, there is a growing concern among poverty analysts worldwide that countries with significant vulnerable populations - such as indigenous peoples - may not meet the Millennium Development Goals, and thus there exists a consequent need for better data tracking conditions among these groups. Second, there is a growing call by indigenous organizations, including the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Peoples, for solid, disaggregated data analyzing the size and causes of the "development gap."
Download or read book Poverty Inequality and Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam written by Katsushi S. Imai and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examines how and why ethnic minorities are poorer than ethnic majorities in Vietnam using the VHLSS data for 2002 and 2004. First, the analysis confirms that households belonging to the ethnic minority groups are not only poorer but also more vulnerable to various shocks than those in the ethnic majority groups, namely the Kinh and the Chinese. Second, household composition (e.g. dependency burden), education, land holding, and location are important determinants of expenditure and poverty, whilst there is some diversity among different ethnic groups. Finally, the decomposition analyses reveal that the ethnic minorities are poorer not necessarily because they have more disadvantaged household characteristics (e.g. educational attainment or location), but, more importantly, because the returns to the characteristics are much lower for ethnic minorities than for majorities. Government policies to reduce structural differences between ethnic majorities and minorities are imperative to address the disparities in returns to endowments between them.
Download or read book ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION IN VIETNAM written by Quang Trieu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education plays an important role in determining individuals socioeconomic attainment and a nations competitiveness on the global stage. Thus, educational disparities not only prevent vulnerable populations from gaining access to a better life but also hinder a nations development. Theoretically, economic growth provides more resources for education. However, initial observations in many developing countries show that economic growth does not bring the same educational benefits to everyone. Vietnam offers an interesting context in which to study ethnic educational disparities in a developing country transforming from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy. After socioeconomic transformations, Vietnam has achieved significant progress, including economic and educational growth. However, educational disparities, especially in upper-secondary education, not only persist but have increased. Ethnic minority students continue to lag behind in upper-secondary school, despite the governments significant efforts to promote their education. Thus, understanding of ethnic educational disparities can yield recommendations for policymakers, parents, and educators regarding how to promote ethnic minorities educational success and assist in Vietnams broader socioeconomic development.To understand ethnic disparities in upper-secondary education in Vietnam over the last 20 years since the socioeconomic transformations, my dissertation comprises two studies. In Ethnic Disparities in Education after Vietnams Socioeconomic Transformations: Family Background and Residential Differences, I used data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys (9 waves of data collected between 1992 and 2014) to examine factors contributing to increases in ethnic educational disparities at the upper-secondary level. My findings confirmed that the ethnic disparities in three outcomes upper-secondary enrollment, attendance, and completion continue increasing. While residential differences slightly contributed to these disparities, family background differences, especially parental education and the rise in ethnic-based income inequality at the household level, explained these ethnic-based education disparities. In addition, I found that while household income contributions to the ethnic educational disparities tended to decrease, the role of parental education with respect to the ethnic-based educational disparities increased. These findings suggest important implications to policymakers, educators, and parents in promoting education among disadvantaged populations, especially ethnic minorities in Vietnam.Despite a number of challenges, some ethnic minority youths do enroll in and complete their upper-secondary education. Therefore, understanding how some ethnic minority students manage to overcome barriers and succeed educationally can also provide important insights regarding the means that policymakers, educators, and parents can pursue in order to address such educational disparities. With this aim, in my second study, Ethnic Minority Educational Success: Understanding Accomplishments in Challenging Settings, I used a mixed-methods approach and explored data from the Families and Communities in Transition (FACT) study to examine risk and protective or supportive factors pertaining to upper-secondary education among youth belonging to the Thai ethnic group, the second-largest ethnic minority group in Vietnam. The study found that early marriage, poverty, low-educated parents, low parental engagement in the child's education, school distance, being bullied or teased, and being encouraged by friends to drop out were challenges to ethnic minorities upper-secondary school enrollment and retention. More importantly, the study provided evidence that holding a positive attitude toward schooling oneself and enjoying effective support from parents, relatives, and peers (both in and out of school) can prevent ethnic minority students from dropping out of school and promote their educational success.
Download or read book Equality in Education Fairness and Inclusion written by Hongzhi Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Equality in Education: Fairness and Inclusion is a scholarly call to action. As the book reminds us, governments come and go and in doing so they busy themselves with policy to mark their patch. Inequality and exclusion remain stubborn foes that are proving to be somewhat impervious to glossy policy pronouncements. The change that Hugo Claus calls for requires careful analysis and bold actions. The editors have assembled a collection of insightful essays that assist in that project. Professor Roger Slee, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia This book attempts to consider the notion of fairness and inclusion in the context of education from different national perspectives, which is a laudable undertaking. The Editors have managed to put together a diverse, informative, and interesting account of equality and fairness that transcends international borders. The Editors are to be commended on their remarkable achievement in bringing together so many authors to discuss such an important subject, yet producing a cohesive collection of chapters that elucidate the diverse nature of equity in education. Professor Divya Jindal Snape, University of Dundee, UK"
Download or read book Inequality Rural Development and Food Policy written by Hoa Thi Minh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis contains four essays on 'Inequality, Rural Development and Food Policy in Vietnam'. Re-examining the sources of ethnic inequality, the first essay uses instrumental variable approaches to provide consistent estimators of explanatory variables at household and commune levels for ethnic differences in household expenditure per person. Four key conclusions are drawn. First, removing language barriers significantly reduces ethnic inequality, especially through enhancing the gains earned by minorities from education. Second, variations in returns to education favour the majority in mixed communes, suggesting that special needs of minority students have not been adequately addressed, or that there exists unequal treatment in the labour market. Third, with the exception of hard-surfaced roads, there is little difference in the benefits drawn from enhanced infrastructure at the commune level across ethnic groups. Finally, contrary to established views, we find that as much as 49 to 66 percent of the ethnic gap is attributed to differences in endowments, not to differences in the returns to endowments.
Download or read book Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam written by Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because malnutrition in early life significantly affects the physical and mental development of children, addressing malnutrition is fundamental to the development of Vietnam’s human capital. Economic development of the nation depends on the strength, resilience, and intelligence of its workforce. Governments dedicate millions of dollars annually to health and education, recognizing that individual losses in productivity may run as high as 10 percent of lifetime earnings and that as much as 11 percent of GDP could be lost each year in Asia and Africa due to undernutrition. The ethnic minority groups living mainly in the northern midlands and in the mountainous and central highlands regions are consistently more undernourished than the Kinh majority. Despite decreases in stunting, the prevalence of stunting among ethnic minority children is still twice that in the Kinh ethnic group. There has been an overall decline in wasting of 1.7 percent between 2000 and 2011, although only the richest quintile showed a significant reduction (3.4 percent). These data, along with an overall decrease in the prevalence of wasting and stunting, indicate an increase in nutrition inequality between 2000 and 2011. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the ethnic minority groups constitute the majority of the undernourished populations in most of the 10 provinces with the highest rates of stunting among children under 5 years old. This analytical report describes the very high rates of malnutrition among ethnic minority populations in Vietnam. It assesses the determinants and causes, using a causal framework and systems analysis; reviews current commitments and policies directed at reducing disparities in malnutrition; examines implementation of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions, particularly those that require multisectoral coordination and collaboration; draws conclusions based on the analysis; and recommends how policies and programs can be strengthened to reduce inequities and fulfill the economic potential of all ethnic groups.
Download or read book Eliminating Inter Ethnic Inequalities written by Truong Huyen Chi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Download or read book Land in Transition written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a case study of Vietnam's efforts to fight poverty using market-oriented land reforms. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country undertook major institutional reforms, and an impressive reduction in poverty followed. But what role did the reforms play? Did the efficiency gains from reform come at a cost to equity? Were there both winners and losers? Was rising rural landlessness in the wake of reforms a sign of success or failure? 'Land in Transition' investigates the impacts on living standards of the two stages of land law reform: in 1988, when land was allocated to households administratively and output markets were liberalized; and in 1993, when official land titles were introduced and land transactions were permitted for the first time since communist rule began. To fully assess the poverty impacts of these changes, the authors' analysis of household surveys is guided by both economic theory and knowledge of the historical and social contexts. The book delineates lessons from Vietnam's experience and their implications for current policy debates in China and elsewhere.
Download or read book Unequal Treatment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-02-06 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
