Download or read book Sources and characteristics of organic matter in the Clackamas River Oregon related to the formation of disinfection by products in treated drinking water written by Kurt D. Carpenter and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study—trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)—form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water.

Download or read book Sources and Characteristics of Organic Matter in the Clackamas River Oregon Related to the Formation of Disinfection By Products in Treated Drinking Water written by Kurt Carpenter and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study characterized the amount and quality of organic matter in the Clackamas River, Oregon, to gain an understanding of sources that contribute to the formation of chlorinated and brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs), focusing on regulated DBPs in treated drinking water from two direct-filtration treatment plants that together serve approximately 100,000 customers. The central hypothesis guiding this study was that natural organic matter leaching out of the forested watershed, in-stream growth of benthic algae, and phytoplankton blooms in the reservoirs contribute different and varying proportions of organic carbon to the river. Differences in the amount and composition of carbon derived from each source affects the types and concentrations of DBP precursors entering the treatment plants and, as a result, yield varying DBP concentrations and species in finished water. The two classes of DBPs analyzed in this study-trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)-form from precursors within the dissolved and particulate pools of organic matter present in source water.

Download or read book Water quality and Algal Conditions in the Clackamas River Basin Oregon and Their Relations to Land and Water Management written by Kurt D. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water resources Investigations Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Organic Matter in Structuring Microbial Communities written by L. Kaplan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-03-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural organic matter is important to the quality of drinking water. It constitutes precursors for disinfectant by-product formation and supports regrowth of bacteria. The drinking water industry is involved in work designed to improve biological treatment of water, control bacterial regrowth in distribution systems, and measure biodegradable NOM concentrations. These efforts would benefit from a knowledge of NOM composition and structure and the composition of microbial communities that colonize biological filters and distribution systems. In this project the researchers addressed four major goals: (1) to determine the structure and composition of natural organic matter (NOM), (2) to describe the structure of heterotrophic bacterial communities supported by raw and treated source water, (3) to measure the responses of heterotrophic bacterial communities to seasonally driven variations in NOM and temperature, and (4) to determine whether bioreactor systems can serve as small-scale models for the development and refinement of drinking water treatment processes. The five source waters selected for this project included a broad range of physiographic provinces, vegetation zones, and NOM concentrations. The research team analyzed NOM and microbial communities from an analytical hierarchy involving assessment of concentration, composition, and structure. Concentrations of NOM and BOM were estimated from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biodegradable DOC concentrations. NOM composition was assessed from analyses of carbohydrates with ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, humic substances with XAD-8 resin, and functional groups with NMR. Molecular structure was determined from tetramethylammonium hydroxide thermochemolysis (TMAH) GC/MS. Microbial community composition was assessed from comparative ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, specifically, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (t-RFLP), to provide an overview of microbial population structure and detect population shifts at the level of species. NOM Composition NOM and BOM concentrations showed extensive temporal variation in all of the source waters, but a general pattern of concentration ranges was discernable, indicating that each watershed has a particular concentration signal. Compositional studies revealed that humic substances and complex carbohydrates are components of both NOM and BOM. Structural and compositional studies identified unique NOM signatures for the different source waters, with some classes of molecules observed only in specific source waters. The BOM pool included humic substances and lignin, sources generally presumed to be relatively resistant to biodegradation. Additional novel insights included the quantitative contribution of aromatic molecules to the BOM pool and the potential for bacterial demethylation of lignin. Bacterial Communities The communities of microorganisms that developed in bioreactors that were fed water from different watersheds were unique. NOM influenced the genetic composition of resulting microbial communities, and seasonal shifts were observed for watersheds possessing strong seasonal temperature signals. Thus, temperature and organic matter quantity and quality probably influenced parameters important to the biological treatment of drinking water. A comparison of bioreactor metabolism with rapid sand filters showed some overlap, suggesting the bioreactors may indicate the ultimate potential of rapid sand filters for BOM processing. The researchers recommend the following: Bioreactors designed to monitor a BOM source should ideally be inoculated, colonized, and maintained by that source; at a minimum, acclimation to the source over several months is needed. Seasonal changes in the microbial community colonizing a biologically active filter may diminish filter performance and require an acclimation period to restore performance. Molecular-based methods for both microbial and chemical analyses of drinking water and treatment processes should be targeted for continued development and implementation within the drinking water industry. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004.

Download or read book Oregon s Long range Requirements for Water written by Oregon. State Water Resources Board and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Filter Maintenance and Operations Guidance Manual written by Gary S. Logsdon and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual was developed to provide guidance on techniques and procedures for maintanance and operation of water filtration plants and to provide background information and advice on where to find additional information.

Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.

Download or read book Geothermal Direct Use Engineering and Design Guidebook written by Paul J. Lienau and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Treatment Plant Design written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The industry standard reference for water treatment plant design and modernization has been updated to include hot topics such as security and design, vulnerability assessments, and planning against vandalism and sabotage, as well as the latest information on codes, regulations, and water quality standards. * Latest code updates and new water quality standards * Design operation and analysis of treatment facilities

Download or read book Soil Survey of Sacramento County California written by Arlene J. Tugel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Survey of Environmental Regulations Applying to Geothermal Exploration Development and Use written by Gene V. Beeland and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground Water Salinization written by Charles W. Kreitler and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground-Water Salinization offers a comprehensive look at the threat to the United States' freshwater resources due to salinization and outlines techniques that can be used to study the problem. The book reviews the seven major salt-water sources that commonly mix and deteriorate our fresh ground water (natural saline ground water, halite solution, sea-water intrusion, oil- and gas-field brines, agriculture effluents, saline seep, and road salting). Other topics covered are the characteristics of saltwater sources, geochemical parameters, and basic graphical and statistical methods that are frequently used in saltwater studies. The book also provides geographical charts showing the distribution of the major salt-water sources, illustrating which ones are potential sources in any given area in the United States.Geochemical Techniques for Identifying Sources of Ground-Water Salinization describes the individual geochemical parameters used in identifying salinization and the information on how and where to obtain them. This is an informative book for anyone interested in the present and future quality of our fresh-water supply.

Download or read book Water for Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Irrigation Fundamentals written by George H. Hargreaves and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 1998 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IRRIGATION FUNDAMENTALS is a comprehensive text on the basic principles and practices of applied agricultural irrigation. Written over a period of more than 10 years, it is based on the authors'' extensive experience in farming, consulting, research, teaching, and other related agricultural activities. The book is for use by teachers of introductory courses in irrigation, farmers who have some basic technical knowledge, and for administrators who need a general understanding of irrigation as an aid for policy decisions in water resource development and planning. Various factors that influence crop yield and production including climate, fertility, water, drainage, and agronomic practices are addressed. The various irrigation methods such as border, basin, contour, furrow, sub, sprinkle, and drip or trickle are described; and conditions are given for selection of the appropriate method to use. Recent developments and new technology are included herein when they have obvious practical applications, but for the most part the material presented in this book is based on well established principles and practices. Much of the content is very practical and much is essentially nontechnical. Nevertheless, some of the material covered in this book goes beyond the basic concepts in an attempt to better describe the relationships and techniques employed by irrigation scientists and irrigation engineers.From the Preface: The future of the world depends very much on how we manage natural resources. Since the year 1900 there has been a ninefold increase in global carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels, and the world population has increased about 3.7 times in this century. Vast areas of forests have been destroyed, and irrigated lands now produce 40% of the food supply. Due to depletion of groundwater reserves and an increase in population, irrigated area per capita is declining. Consequently, the irrigation of additional alluvial lands is a strategic necessity for all of humankind. Much of the alluvial lands cannot be made productive without prior development of water resources through flood control, drainage, and irrigation. The production of electricity through hydropower and the production of alcohol fuel from irrigated crops, as has been practiced for many years in Brazil, can slow the increase in carbon emissions. Such diverse developments are typically not separable; rather, they must be considered as integral parts of a comprehensive development plan. The conservation of natural resources and increasing productivity of irrigated lands are also strategic necessities. Much of the current technology is highly transferable and crop yields can be significantly increased on lands already under irrigation.The authors have worked in many countries in connection with resource inventories, teaching, and the planning, development and use of irrigation as a tool for increasing production and providing employment. They have written extensively and have been honored for their achievements. They have considerable experience with everything from primitive low-technology irrigation developments to highly developed irrigation in the USA and in dozens of countries around the world. Both of the authors have dedicated their careers to teaching, research, and consulting in agricultural irrigation and water resources development and planning. It is their hope and expectation that this book will provide incentives for investigating and documenting land and water resources, improving development, increasing crop yields, conserving resources, and improving the environment. From the Table of Contents:Chapt. 1 - INTRODUCTION: Irrigation Fundamentals: - - A Definition of Irrigation - - Statistical Perspectives of Agricultural IrrigationChapt. 2 - FACTORS INFLUENCING CROP PRODUCTION: - - Introduction - - Temperature, Radiation, and Evaporative Potential - - Climate Change - - Soil Fertility and Fertilizers - - Water Availability and Distribution - - Soil Aeration and Drainage - - Plant Density, Spacing and Leaf Area Index - - Crop VarietyChapt. 3 - AGRICULTURAL SOILS: - - Introduction - - Soil Texture and Structure - - Soil Classification and Evaluation - - Bureau of Reclamation Land Classification - - Soil Age and Topography - - Soil Chemistry - - Infiltration Rates - - Soil-Water Relationships - - Equations for Soil Water Content - - Soil Water Potential - - Measuring Soil Water ContentChapt. 4 - EVALUATING IRRIGATION RESOURCES: - - Introduction - - Climate - - Hydrology - - Human and Other Factors - - Integrated DevelopmentChapt. 5 - IRRIGATION METHODS: - - Introduction - - Graded Border Irrigation - - Basin Irrigation - - Contour Levees - - Furrow Irrigation - - Sub-Irrigation - - Sprinkle Irrigation - - Drip or Trickle Irrigation - - Selecting an Irrigation Method - - Land Grading and Leveling - - Laser-Leveling Equipment and Practices - - Computing Diagonal Slopes - - Irrigation System EvaluationChapt. 6 - CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS: - - Introduction - - Direct Methods - - Indirect Methods - - Potential Evaporation - - Reference Evapotranspiration - - Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation - - Irrigation Requirements - - Crop CoefficientsChapt. 7 - IRRIGATION SCHEDULING: - - Introduction - - Allowable Water Depletion - - Monitoring Soil Water - - Scheduling Irrigations - - Rice Irrigation

Download or read book Landowner Assistance Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers California written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rivers and Harbors and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: