Download or read book Some Effects of Plant Population SADH and Tree Manipulation on the Vegetative Growth Flowering and Fruiting of Apple Trees written by Ananta Bahadur Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Third International Workshop on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics written by K. R. Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index to Theses Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Gibberellin Inhibition on Floral Initiation and the Vegetative Growth of Apple with Notes on the Physiology of Apple Replant Disorder written by Christopher Lawrence Owens and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Physical and Chemical Treatments on Flowering and Vegetative Growth in Young Apple Trees written by Jerald Richard Larson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Apple Tree written by D. L. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Summer Hedging and Plant Growth Regulators on Apple Trees Grown for Hard Cider An Evaluation of Return Bloom Tree Growth and Juice Quality written by Jessica A. Foster and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fermented cider production has rapidly increased in the US over the last decade with an annualized growth rate of 50% between 2009 and 2014, and revenues totaling $ 2.2 billion in 2018 (Becot et al., 2016; Miles et al., 2020). Cider producers seek juice with high sugar, high acid, and phenolics that enhance "mouth feel" to make unique, high-quality cider. Specialty cider cultivars are selected for their juice qualities, not for their yield or ease of production. Growers have found many cider cultivars are challenging to grow due to disease susceptibility, biennial bearing, premature fruit drop, and excessive vegetative growth. Cider cultivars of European origin respond poorly to traditional crop load thinning methods, leading to fluctuating crop yields from year-to-year. Controlling the year-to-year crop variation or biennial bearing of cider cultivars is important to the overall profitability of an orchard. Growers are in need of new methods and information to understand how to maintain adequate crop yields and improve return bloom. The objective of this project has been to explore the use of hedge pruning and summer applied plant growth regulators as methods to improve return bloom. Chapter 2: In this study, tall spindle trained cider apples 'Somerset Redstreak' and 'Harry Masters Jersey' and traditional dessert apples 'McIntosh' and 'Empire' trained to a tall spindle system were hedged during the summer to evaluate their response of return bloom, yield, tree growth, and juice quality. Treatments consisted of 1) normal winter dormant pruning with hand tools as a control; 2) mechanical winter dormant pruning with a hedger; 3) mechanical pruning at pink (prebloom) bud stage with a hedger, and; 4) mechanical pruning at the 12-14 leaf stage, in mid-June. 'Harry Master Jersey' exhibited a strong biennial tendency, with no return bloom in 2020. There was a noteworthy difference in canopy size for all cultivars the first season, with most hedging treatments being reduced nearly by half. Juice quality was unaffected by hedging treatment for soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, and total phenolics. Chapter 3: Three plant growth regulators were evaluated alone and in combination for their effects on return bloom and fruit and juice quality on hard cider trees when applied at different times throughout the growing season. Plant growth regulators evaluated included: Carbaryl 4L at 0.58 L ha-1, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 210 g ha-1, and Ethephon at 0.29 L ha-1. Growth regulator treatments did not have a consistent effect across cultivars. 'Somerset Redstreak' adequately flowered and cropped in 2020 with no differences seen between treatments. 'Kingston Black' and 'Harry Masters Jersey' had little to no return bloom in 2020. In 2019, Kingston Black' treated with NAA had higher yields than those treated with ethephon. Ethephon caused increased fruit softening in both 'Kingston Black' and 'Somerset Redstreak' in 2019. Juice from 'Somerset Redstreak' treated with ethephon had higher pH at harvest. Naphthaleneacetic acid or ethephon treatments during the bloom year of a biennial bearing cycle did not promote return bloom for two out of three hard cider cultivars tested.
Download or read book Some Effects of Pruning Root Pruning Ringing and Stripping on the Formation of Fruit Buds on Dwarf Apple Trees written by Henry Harris Hill and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temperature Effects on Fruit and Vegetative Growth Carbon Dioxide Exchange and Dry Matter Partitioning in the Apple Tree written by Guillermo Calderón-Zavala and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Some Factors Influencing Fruitfulness in Apples written by Cleo Claude Wiggans and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Shoot Orientation Sadh Ethephon and Scoring on Growth Flower Bud Formation and Development of Young Apple Trees written by Noorgul Hamzakheyl and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ROOT BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF APPLE TREES AS AFFECTED BY FRUIT REMOVAL written by Emily Kay Lavely and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract. In perennial horticultural crops, the balance between carbohydrate supply and demand is notable because of the high carbohydrate demand required for fruit development. Common management practices that manipulate aboveground growth such as fruit removal, are used to enhance fruit quality, return bloom, and ease of harvest. However, many of the underlying mechanisms behind above- and belowground physiological responses and effects on carbohydrate partitioning remain unknown. Moreover, although the fine root system is critical to water and nutrient acquisition, characterization of absorptive fine roots in mature woody plants is challenging. For apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), crop load management with chemical thinners continues to be a challenge. Early season carbohydrate supply affects fruitlet competition and is assumed to influence efficacy of chemical thinners. The effect of carbohydrate reserves on early season glucose and starch concentrations and the response to chemical thinning were evaluated in mature Golden Delicious apple trees on M.26, M.9, and G.16 rootstocks. In 2013, fruit removal at 29, 125, 154, and 182 days after full bloom was used to alter tree carbohydrate reserves (starch). In 2015, crop density of 2014 was used to alter tree carbohydrate reserves. In 2014, a water control and a chemical thinner of 0.95 L of Carbaryl 4L, 0.95 L Ultrafine oil, and Fruitone N (1-Napthaleneacetic acid) at 15 mgL-1 in 379 L of water were applied to apple trees when fruitlets were 10 to 12 mm in diameter. In 2015, a water control and a chemical thinner of 0.95 L of Carbaryl 4L and Fruitone N (1-Napthaleneacetic acid) at 15 mgL-1 in 379 L of water were applied to apple trees when fruitlets were 10 to 12 mm in diameter. In 2014 and 2015, shoots containing 1- and 2-year-old wood were sampled at different phenological stages from early spring dormancy to 10 days after thinner application to measure total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations. Glucose and starch concentrations in December 2013 were not affected by fruit removal date, but total nonstructural carbohydrates declined from early spring dormancy to thinning time in 2014 and 2015. Fruit removal treatments in 2013 and crop density in 2014 had little effect on early season glucose and starch concentrations in 1- and 2-year-old wood in 2014 and 2015. In 2014, fruit set (fruit per 100 flower clusters) on non-thinned trees was positively and linearly related to glucose concentration in 2-year-old wood the day before thinning; however, fruit set on thinned trees was not related to early season glucose concentration. Fruit set was not related to early season starch concentration of 2-year-old wood across all sampling dates regardless of thinning. In 2015, fruit set was not related to glucose and starch concentrations at early season dormancy or thinning time regardless of thinning. Fruit set in 2015 was negatively and linearly related to crop density in 2014 for non-thinned and thinned trees. In addition to the high carbohydrate demand required for fruit development, apple trees allocate available carbohydrates for belowground processes such as nutrient foraging. Belowground processes such as root production and nutrient foraging require energy to take up nutrients and to support interactions with beneficial microbes such as mycorrhizal fungi. To investigate how carbohydrate availability affected nutrient foraging of Golden Delicious trees with or without fruit, fine root and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal growth was compared in unfertilized soil and localized nitrogen (N)-rich patches (containing inorganic or organic sources of N). Fruit removal enhanced root production compared to fruiting trees across all N treatments. For fruiting trees, roots proliferated more in the inorganic-N patch than in unfertilized soil or the organic-N patch. For non-fruiting trees, root proliferation was similar regardless of N addition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal extramatrical-hyphal biomass was not affected by fruit removal but was greater in the organic-N patch than in the inorganic-N patch or unfertilized soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of apple roots was modestly affected by fruit removal and N treatments, and non-mycorrhizal fungal colonization was unaffected by treatments. Apple trees may manipulate root foraging strategies more than mycorrhizal foraging if carbohydrate availability is limited by fruiting.Fine roots of woody plants have traditionally been classified using an often arbitrary diameter cutoff approach, such as less than 2 mm. This approach, however, commonly includes both non-woody and woody roots. Alternatively, a functionally based root-order approach can be used to identify absorptive fine roots. The utility of this approach was examined for the horticultural fruit and nut crops: apple (Malus x domestica Borkh), peach (Prunus persica), grape (Vitus vinifera), almond (Prunus dulcis), and citrus (Citrus x clementina). In addition, variation in first- and second-order roots (most distal) was characterized for a wide range of woody horticultural species (33 in total), as diameter variation among species could influence the utility of a diameter cutoff approach, and because diameter has been strongly linked to root function. First-order roots of grape and first- and second-order roots of apple and peach were consistently thin, non-woody, mycorrhizal, and had high N:C ratios. In contrast, fourth and fifth order roots of grape and fifth order roots of apple and peach were woody, non-mycorrhizal, had low N:C ratios, and were thicker than lower order roots. Among the 33 horticultural species, diameter of first- and second-order roots varied about 15-fold, ranging from 0.04 to 0.60 mm and 0.05 to 0.89 mm respectively. The weakness of an arbitrary diameter approach is reflected in comparing, for example, first-order roots of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and lemon (Citrus x limon L.), which had diameters as large as fourth-order roots of apple and peach. This research shows that root order characterization has considerably more utility than an arbitrary diameter approach in the identification of roots with different functions in perennial horticultural crops.
Download or read book Some Effects of Pruning Root Pruning Ringing and Stripping on the Formation of Fruit Buds on Dwarf Apple Trees written by Alfred Washington Drinkard and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Fruit Seed and Shoot Development on Flower Induction in Apple written by John Calvin Neilsen and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Manipulation of Apple Tree Growth with Some Plant Growth Rerardants sic Retardants written by Tonye E. Numbere and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Responses of Fruit Trees to Global Climate Change written by Fernando Ramirez and published by . This book was released on 2015-01-31 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
