Download or read book Productivity in Higher Education written by Caroline M. Hoxby and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do the benefits of higher education compare with its costs, and how does this comparison vary across individuals and institutions? These questions are fundamental to quantifying the productivity of the education sector. The studies in Productivity in Higher Education use rich and novel administrative data, modern econometric methods, and careful institutional analysis to explore productivity issues. The authors examine the returns to undergraduate education, differences in costs by major, the productivity of for-profit schools, the productivity of various types of faculty and of outcomes, the effects of online education on the higher education market, and the ways in which the productivity of different institutions responds to market forces. The analyses recognize five key challenges to assessing productivity in higher education: the potential for multiple student outcomes in terms of skills, earnings, invention, and employment; the fact that colleges and universities are “multiproduct” firms that conduct varied activities across many domains; the fact that students select which school to attend based in part on their aptitude; the difficulty of attributing outcomes to individual institutions when students attend more than one; and the possibility that some of the benefits of higher education may arise from the system as a whole rather than from a single institution. The findings and the approaches illustrated can facilitate decision-making processes in higher education.
Download or read book Some Economics of Post secondary Education written by Commission on Post-secondary Education in Ontario and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Economics of Post secondary Education written by Commission on Post-secondary Education in Ontario and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Knowledge Economy and Postsecondary Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Workshop on the Knowledge Economy and Postsecondary Education documents changes seen in the postsecondary education system. In her report Lisa Hudson focuses on who is participating in postsecondary education; Tom Bailey concentrates on community colleges as the most responsive institutions to employer needs; Carol Twigg surveys the ways that four-year institutions are attempting to modify their curricular offerings and pedagogy to adapt those that will be more useful; and Brian Pusser emphasizes the public's broader interests in higher education and challenges the acceptance of the primacy of job preparation for the individual and of "market" metaphors as an appropriate descriptor of American higher education. An example of a for-profit company providing necessary instruction for workers is also examined. Richard Murnane, Nancy Sharkey, and Frank Levy investigate the experience of Cisco high school and community college students need to testify to their information technology skills to earn certificates. Finally, John Bransford, Nancy Vye, and Helen Bateman address the ways learning occurs and how these can be encouraged, particularly in cyberspace.
Download or read book Pursuing Higher Education in Canada written by Ross Finnie and published by Queen's Policy Studies Series. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A helpful study of pertinent issues relating to university education.
Download or read book Supply Side Economics and Its Impact on Postsecondary Education written by R. E. Cuthbert and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of American Higher Education written by William E. Becker and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-02-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses topics related to the role of post-secondary education in microeconomic development within the United States. Although several of the chapters are aimed at research/teaching universities, much of what is presented can be generalized to all post-secondary education. The articles in this book summarize the research literature and synthesize what economists and other social scientists have learned about the contribution of higher education to individual and regional growth within society. All contributors to this book have individually made significant contributions to the literature in higher education.
Download or read book The Condition of Education 2020 written by Education Department and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Condition of Education 2020 summarizes important developments and trends in education using the latest available data. The report presentsnumerous indicators on the status and condition of education. The indicators represent a consensus of professional judgment on the most significant national measures of the condition and progress of education for which accurate data are available. The Condition of Education includes an "At a Glance" section, which allows readers to quickly make comparisons across indicators, and a "Highlights" section, which captures key findings from each indicator. In addition, The Condition of Education contains a Reader's Guide, a Glossary, and a Guide to Sources that provide additional background information. Each indicator provides links to the source data tables used to produce the analyses.
Download or read book The Economic Benefit of Postsecondary Degrees written by National Center National Center for Higher Education Management Systems and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the declining international ranking in the percentage of young adults with a postsecondary credential, President Obama, philanthropic and policy organizations, and states have set bold goals essentially to double the number of postsecondary degrees and certificates produced in the next 8 to 13 years. Behind this commitment to increased attainment is a value proposition for policymakers and the general public that achieving these goals will lead to social and economic benefits for individuals, states, and the nation. The movement to increase the percentage of U.S. citizens with a high quality postsecondary degree or credential has proceeded alongside a prolonged economic downturn in which state appropriations have fallen below enrollment growth and inflation. Nationally, state and local support per student is down 12.5 percent in constant dollars from FY 2006 to FY 2011. Meanwhile, despite substantial annual tuition increases in most states, between FY 2006 and FY 2011, student full time enrollment increased an average of 16.9 percent nationally. And bachelor's degree production during the period of this study, FY 2005 to FY 2010, grew by 12.7 percent. Increases in both the demand for and the cost of higher education have resulted in a growing number of students relying on student loans to finance postsecondary education. In academic year 2010-11, the percentage of undergraduates who took out federal Stafford loans reached 34 percent compared to 28 percent ten years earlier. This trend, along with higher unemployment rates for recent college graduates4, has led some to question the value of a college degree. The media have reported stories of Americans struggling to find jobs and to pay off their student debt after graduation. Other stories cite a few high profile examples of entrepreneurs who are not college graduates; one entrepreneur has even offered "fellowships" for students to drop out of college and pursue start-up ideas. Despite such skepticism, the evidence clearly demonstrates the value of a college education. According to our analysis of U.S. Census data, those who obtain a bachelor's degree have a median income of $50,360 compared to a median of $29,423 for people with only a high school diploma. An associate's degree leads to a median income of $38,607, more than $9,000 higher than a high school diploma. Those with a graduate degree have a median income of $68,064, 35.2 percent more than those with a bachelor's degree. Additionally, The College Advantage: Weathering the Economic Storm, from the Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce, shows that workers without a college degree have been significantly worse off in the recent economic downturn than those who have attended college. Four out of every five jobs lost in the recession were held by workers with no postsecondary education experience. Although the unemployment rate for recent college graduates is higher than for older workers with comparable education levels, their unemployment rate of 6.8 percent is still more than 17 points lower than for new high school graduates, which is at 24 percent.
Download or read book Measuring the Value of a Postsecondary Education written by Ken Norrie and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2013-03-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring the Value of a Postsecondary Education is an insightful collection of essays that respond to current and pressing questions in the field of higher education: What do we mean by "quality" of education? What do courses and programs promise to deliver, and do they succeed? What do we know about improving learning outcomes, and is reform possible? Comprised of papers presented at a conference of experts convened by the Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario in 2011, the book begins by evaluating pioneering initiatives in Europe, and follows this with reports on efforts to measure and evaluate learning outcomes. Drawing on over two decades of work by international agencies, governments, and foundations in identifying and evaluating learning outcomes in higher education, Measuring the Value of a Postsecondary Education encourages educational institutions to draw on this evidence in revising course and program offerings. Bringing together international leaders and innovators in the field, this book is an important analysis of progress in enhancing learning quality and directions for future reform. Contributors include Jeana Abromeit (Alverno College), Roger Benjamin (Council for Aid to Education), Ken Dryden (Canadian politician), Michael Gallagher (Group of Eight), Virginia Hatchette (Postsecondary Education Quality Assessment Board), Jillian Kinzie (Indiana University), Diane Lalancette (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), Holiday Hart McKiernan (Lumina Foundation), Robert Wagenaar (University of Groningen), and Lorne A. Whitehead (University of British Columbia).
Download or read book Why Does College Cost So Much written by Robert B. Archibald and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: College tuition has risen more rapidly than the overall inflation rate for much of the past century. To explain rising college cost, the authors place the higher education industry firmly within the larger economic history of the United States.
Download or read book Strategies for Postsecondary Education written by Peter Scott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1975, Strategies for Postsecondary Education looks at how postsecondary education absorbs an increasing proportion of education budgets in developed countries. The book analyses the inequalities in the American postsecondary education system and compares its performance with France and the United Kingdom. The traditional concept of higher education with its preference for the college sector is now being challenged by the notion of postsecondary education which embraces the community colleges and preparatory schools in the United States and the polytechnics in Great Britain. The book argues that the development of the non-collegiate sector, including further education outside a formal educational context, will extend the range of educational opportunity and make much better use of limited resources.
Download or read book Responding to Massification written by Philip G. Altbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-26 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global massification of postsecondary education, with more than 200 million students studying at an untold number of institutions focusing on every specialization possible, necessitates a differentiated system of postsecondary education in every country. This book provides the first comparative study of how postsecondary education has evolved in 13 countries. The study offers an analysis of current global realities and how different nations have constructed their response. Our research shows that few countries have developed rational and differentiated academic systems to meet new realities. The book provides insights regarding useful approaches for the development of academic systems. The book reveals similarities and differences in the 13 case studies as different governments have expanded postsecondary education to respond to the massification of enrollment. Postsecondary education has become diversified, but for the most part not adequately differentiated in most countries. Several of the case studies underscore the challenge of sustaining differentiation within the system if credentials from non-university, postsecondary institutions are considered of lesser social status. Too often institutions that successfully address the practical needs of national economies are ultimately merged into the university system. There is an urgent need for the planning and structuring of coherent systems of postsecondary education to serve the increasingly diverse clientele in need of the skills required by the knowledge economy. This study is the first global analysis aimed at understanding how post-secondary education can be organized to meet society’s requirements and points to the need for designing coherent academic systems.
Download or read book The Economics of Online Postsecondary Education written by Caroline M. Hoxby and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I consider how online postsecondary education, including massive open online courses (MOOCs), might fit into economically sustainable models of postsecondary education. I contrast nonselective postsecondary education (NSPE)in which institutions sell fairly standardized educational services in return for up-front payments and highly selective postsecondary education (HSPE) in which institutions invest in students in return for repayments much later in life. The analysis suggests that MOOCs will be financially sustainable substitutes for some NSPE, but there are risks even in these situations. The analysis suggests that MOOCs will be financially sustainable substitutes for only a small share of HSPE and are likely to collapse the economic model that allows HSPE institutions to invest in advanced education and research. I outline a non-MOOC model of online education that may allow HSPE institutions both to sustain their distinctive activities and to reach a larger number of students.
Download or read book The Economics of Higher Education written by Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the current state of higher education, with a brief high-level overview of the market and a more detailed discussion and analysis of the financial aid system. It also discusses the important changes President Obama has made to make higher education more accessible and affordable. The key findings are: (1) The economic returns to higher education remain high and provide a pathway for individual economic mobility; (2) Public colleges educate the vast majority of the nation's students enrolled in institutions of higher education, but private, for-profit schools are growing the most rapidly; (3) Historically, society provided a significant subsidy to young people through the widespread availability of inexpensive public higher education. However, over the past several decades, there has been a substantial shift in the overall funding of higher education from state assistance, in the forms of grants and subsidies, to increased tuition borne by students; (4) The Obama Administration has offset some of those increased costs with recent increases in educational support through increased Pell grants and the American Opportunity Tax Credit; and (5) The combination of decreased state subsidies for higher education and increased federal spending on financial aid represents a shift in the responsibility for paying for college toward a greater onus on students, families, and the federal government. This report is divided into four sections. The first section provides a broad overview of the basic characteristics of the market for higher education. The report then discusses the impact of higher education on individual earnings and economic mobility. The next section focuses on cost and access to higher education, including the difference between posted and net tuition. The final section considers the financial aid system and other federal policies related to higher education. The following are appended: (1) Expected Family Contributions; and (2) Distribution of Campus-Based Aid to Schools.
Download or read book Higher Education and the New Economy written by James S. Fairweather and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to provide policymakers and the general public with basic information about both the benefits and the costs of higher education. Some of this information illuminates the difference that postsecondary education makes to the prosperity of a state and its citizens. Also contained in this report are lesser known facts about the costs of higher education and who pays for it. The report begins by evaluating the current evidence on the benefits of higher education and how Michigan would benefit from increased participation in higher education. Information is provided on what (and whom) it costs to provide higher education in Michigan. The report concludes by considering the costs of increased participation to the state, the student and the institutions, what trade offs there might be, some expectations might be, and what policies and practices would have to change to make increased participation work. Two trends in the data presented appear both clear and essential to a discussion of Michigan's future. The first trend concerns the benefits of higher education: more education makes a difference. The individual benefits associated with postsecondary education cut across all aspects of quality of life, but the economic benefit is particularly compelling. College graduates earn more money, and the difference in income between those with post-secondary education and those without it has continued to widen because the earning power of those without it has shrunk consistently over the past 30 years. Once a desirable advantage in employment, post-secondary education has increasingly become a prerequisite to stable employment and a middle-class income. The data also suggest that what is good for the individual is good for the state: states with higher rates of college graduates are more prosperous than those with lower rates. The second trend in the data presented in this report concerns the costs of higher education. Although it is true that the price of college has consistently risen faster than inflation, a perhaps more important trend is that the cost of college has fundamentally shifted from the state to the student. Thirty years ago, state appropriations accounted for 75 percent of the public university budget; today that portion is less than half. Additionally, state and federal financial aid to students has failed to keep up with inflation, meaning that students and families have had to shoulder more of the costs of college than ever before. The convergence of these two trends (the increasing importance of postsecondary education with the shift in financing that education in public institutions from the state to the individual) is arguably the greatest challenge facing Michigan and its leaders. The policy options available to state officials in response to this challenge is complicated by the voluntary nature of postsecondary participation, the relatively autonomous status of Michigan's public universities, and the inherent difficulty of expanding the capacity of higher education in Michigan without diminishing its quality. The author concludes that the only certainty is that Michigan's current path of relatively low post-secondary participation and relatively low state support for those who pursue it is a dead end. Finding the right balance between cost, access and quality is crucial to the state's economic future. (Contains 117 endnotes, 5 figures, and 21 tables.) [This report was written with assistance from Jennifer P. Hodges.].
Download or read book Postsecondary Education for First Generation and Low Income Students in the Ivy League written by Kerry H. Landers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how previously excluded high-achieving, low-income students are faring socially and academically at an Ivy League college in New England. In the past, research conducted on low-income students in elite schools focused mainly on the admissions process. As a result, there is a dearth of research on what happens to low-income students once they are admitted and attend classes. This book chronicles an ethnographic study of twenty low-income men and women in their senior year at Dartmouth College and follows up with them four and twelve years post-graduation. By helping to bring visibility and self-awareness to low-income students and expose class issues and struggles, the author hopes to encourage elite institutions to change their policies and practices to address the needs of these students.
