Download or read book Somalia Development and Failure written by Jan-David Franke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - Topic: Development Politics, grade: 1.3, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, course: USC - Theories of Development, language: English, abstract: Somalia is a country in the East of Africa, situated at the horn of Africa with a population of ca. 9.3 million (BTI 2012). In this part of the world, life is hard (e.g. infant mortality rate: 10%) and short (life expectancy at birth: 51 years). “Freedom in the World 2012” by Freedom House gives Somalia the worst possible rating both for political rights and civil liberties. It ranks at place 223 of 227 in terms of GDP per capita (CIA Factbook, 2012). The Global Peace Index lists Somalia as the most dangerous country in the world while the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG), which is supported by the United Nations, the African Union and the United States, merely controls parts of the capital Mogadishu (Bruton, 2009). Around 40% of Somali territory is occupied by a radical muslim militia called Al-Shabab. The famine that befell the horn of Africa in 2011 struck Somalia worst, a country, which is mostly referred to as a ‘failed state’ for 20 years now. The situation in Somalia, so much is clear, is very serious and appalling in a variety of fields. But why is that? In this paper I will describe Somalia’s recent development in the framework introduced by Szirmai (2005: pp. 29-33), using his 9 characteristics of developing countries for classification, and - building up on that - inquire into possible explanations for its deficiencies and its failure as a state.
Download or read book Somalia at the Crossroads written by Abdulahi A. Osman and published by Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. This book was released on 2007-07-31 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the fall of the Siad Bare regime in Somalia in 1991 and the fratricidal war that it unleashed in its wake, Somalia has been without an effective central government. Instead, warlords and their armed bandits have been controlling different parts of the country, with the former British colony of northern Somaliland unilaterally proclaiming its independence. Developments in the country since the recent transitional government was set up in 2004 have, however, presented both opportunities and challenges for the country. While much has been reported about the prevailing situation in the country, there has been a paucity of research articulating the various perspectives and challenges in the efforts to reconstitute Somalia's failed state. This book hopes to contribute in filling this gap. Contributors to the volume examine the various issues that lie behind the current situation in Somalia, seeking answers to a number of crucial questions: Why did the Somali state fail? What role did external actors and the internal configurations of the Somalis' socio-political structure play in the state collapse? Did the various peace and reconciliation conferences really achieve anything? Should Somalia be reconstituted as one state or should more than one state be allowed to emerge from the ashes of the collapsed state? What is the way forward out of the current imbroglio in Somalia?
Download or read book Famine in Somalia written by Daniel G. Maxwell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some 250,000 people died in the southern Somalia famine of 2011-12, which also displaced and destroyed the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands more. Yet this crisis had been predicted nearly a year earlier. The harshest drought in Somalia's recent history coincided with a global spike in food prices, hitting this arid, import-dependent country hard. The policies of Al-Shabaab, a militant Islamist group that controlled southern Somalia, exacerbated an already difficult situation, barring most humanitarian assistance, while donors counter-terrorism policies led to cuts and criminalized any aid falling into their hands. A major disaster resulted from the production and market failures precipitated by the drought and food price crisis, while the famine itself was the result of the failure to quickly respond to these events-and was thus largely human-made. This book analyses the famine: the trade-offs between competing policy priorities that led to it, the collective failure in response, and how those affected by it attempted to protect themselves and their livelihoods.It also examines the humanitarian response, including actors that had not previously been particularly visible in Somalia-from Turkey, the Middle East, and Islamic charities worldwide.
Download or read book Revitalization of Somalia written by Qasim Hirsi Farah and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2011-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The content of this books is as following: 1.Summary of the Civil War in Somalia 3.Political Introduction To Somalia 4.Geographical Map Of Somalia 5. Introduction To Somalia's Civil War 6. Summary Of The Stages Passed In Two Decades 7.The Role Of Federalism In The Somali Conflict 8.Urgent Moral Rearmament For Revival 9. Is Revival Possible? 10: Everyone Could And Should Contribute 11: Prisoners' Contribution 12.The Role Of The Civil Society 13.Voluntary Services 14. Making Mindful Man To Make a Meaningful Nation 15 Transforming Revolution To Rehabilitation 16: Familyhood& Childcare 17: Education 18: Religion 19: Work Ethics 20.Sustainable Peace And Stability 21: Social Reformation For Sustainable Security 22: Somalia As A Hospitalized Patient 23: Our Problem Is A Mind Faculty 24: Mental Rehabilitation 25.Somalia Needs No Military, But 26. Conflict Between Culture And Politics 27: Curing The Chaos From Its Causes 28. Reconciliation And Reintegration 29: Public Investment Creates Reconciliation 30: Somalia Does Not Need Foreign Peace Operation But Border Surveillance 31: Somalis Know How To Resolve Their Internal Conflicts 32: Peace Making Methodology 33: Disarmament And Demobilization 34.Changing The Disputed Territories To Brotherly Neighborhood Denizens Chapter Six: 35.Domestic And Foreign Policy 36.All We Are Lacking Is a Leader 37: The Best Generation to Lead 38: Election And Its Toolkits 39: Governmental Structure 40: Competitive Leadership For Somaa 41: Political Choice For New Somalia 42.Personal Principles Lead To National Development 43: Tackling The Crisis Of Nepotism. 44: How To Eliminate Nepotism Based on Clannish System 45: How To Combat Mal-Administration, 46.General Advice To the Domestic Political Stakeholders 47: Special Advice To Foreign Political Stakeholders 48.Special Advice To the To The Islamic Extremists 49.Special Advice To New Generation 50.Modern Electronic System TO Eliminate Corruption 51. Fresh National E-Census 52.Economic Reformation For Development 53.Poverty And Hunger Eradication 54: Humanitarian Aid Or Development Cooperation 55: How To Deal With NGOs) 56: Privatization of Institutions 57: Local Product vs. Imported Product 58.Sustainable Development Collectively Working With Gender Balance 60. Commerce And Trade 62. Tourism And Energy Industry 63: Creating Job Opportunities 64: Land Construction And Environment 65. City Planning 66: Mogadishu's Urban Development Strategies Conclusion General Annotations Concluding Remarks Bibliography Introduction To My Political Platform
Download or read book Somalia A Model for Collapsed State written by Madeleine Pfeiffer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-01-13 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 2,3, University of Potsdam (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Fakultät ), course: State Failure, Crisis, and Conflict Management, language: English, abstract: Nation-states are more numerous than they were half a century ago. In 1919 there were fifty-nine nation-states. In 1950 that number climbed up to sixty-nine. A decade later, after much of Africa gained independence, the number of nation-states reached ninety. The constant increase of independences in Africa, Asia and the Oceanic territories in addition to the implosion of the Soviet Union, have brought the total number of nation states in 2002 up to 192. Given these explosive numbers, the indigenous fragility of many of the new states and the inherent navigational dangers of the post Cold War economic and political surroundings, the possibility of failure among some of these new nation-states remains ever present.1Because they can no longer provide positive political goods to their citizens, nationstates fail. The government respectively the nation-state itself becomes illegitimate. At the moment only a few of the worlds nationstates are categorized as failed or collapsed. In spite of that, several dozen are weak and walking at the edge of failure. The aftermath of 9/11 led to the assumption that failed states harbour nonstate actors like warlords and terrorists which makes it necessary to understand the drivers and dynamics of nation state failure for the war on terrorism. This paper is an attempt to analyze which factors have led to the crisis of state collapse in Somalia and why does state collapse continue to be the order of the day? The first part of the paper is supposed to give an overview of Rotberg’s classification of state failure and state collapse. It will provide some general definitions and presents the indicators of the above mentioned terms The second part examines the Somali situation of collapsed state mostly in a chronological order. In a conclusion at the end, the question of prolonged state collapse in Somalia will be summarized.
Download or read book State Collapse and Post conflict Development in Africa written by Abdullah A. Mohamoud and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mohamoud's work considers the underlying causes for the breakdown of the state across both time and space. Time is considered across the triple history - the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial processes. Space is used in the sense of taking the whole of Somalia as a unit of analysis. This approach enables the discovery of different structural crises over a period of time and examines these cumulative effects on the current upheavals in Somalia. Among the approaches, State Collapse and Post-Conflict Development in Africa covers the constraints in the harsh material environment; the subsistence pastoral mode of existence; the colonial intervention and the subsequent division of the land into five parts; Cold War geopolitics; decades of armed struggles; and the post-colonial crisis of governance. Dr. Abdulla (Awil) Mohamoud runs SAHAN, an academic research and consultancy agency, which conducts policy oriented research and fact finding missions abroad, mainly in Africa, undertakes evaluation and monitoring activities, provides training and offers advisory services on integration and multi-cultural issues. He holds an MA degree from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and earned his PhD at the University of Amsterdam. Mohamoud has served regularly as an election observer in UN, EU, Council of Europe and OSCE missions to conflict and war-torn societies (to East-Timor, Kosovo, Nigeria, Serbia, and Zimbabwe).
Download or read book The Failure System The role of external actors in the Somali state collapse written by Marcel Lossi and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Region: Africa, grade: 1,3, Helmut Schmidt University - University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg (Internationale Politik), language: English, abstract: 1. Introduction Since the fall of the Barre regime in 1991, Somalia has been the most profound and outstanding example of state failure not only in Africa but the entire world. For almost 20 years Somalia has been lost in a vicious circle which the author of this paper calls “the failure system”. It is a system of mutually reinforcing factors consisting of clan violence and a corresponding history of real or imagined marginalisation, the establishment of war economics, various jihads and last but not least the interference of a multitude of external actors. The question of this bachelor thesis is: What role did external actors take in the process of state failure in Somalia? My hypothesis is, that the Somali state collapse cannot be seen as a purely internal phenomenon but rather as a layered systemic process that has been influenced by external actors on a massive scale. The main purpose of this bachelor thesis is to outline the role of external actors in the Somali state collapse. Albeit the focus of this work is clearly the external dimension of this conflict, we shall not neglect the internal actors and factions in Somalia. Especially after the Ethiopian invasion of 2006 and the begin of the international anti-pirate mission at the Horn of Africa a whole pile of scientific literature has been written on external actors and their strategic motivations in Somalia. But usually these publications only focus on the external actors and their motivations without appropriately addressing internal dynamics. In order to bridge the gap of understanding between the layers of internal and external conflict dimensions, this work tries to create a holistic and systemic big picture view of the Somali state collapse by outlining historical, sociological, internal and external factors alike. To achieve this goal, this work has been divided into three main parts. The first part will briefly describe the Somali history. I will at first outline the historic developments before 1991 to give an impression of the long-term development of the country. Subsequently the clan structure and its relevance will be addressed to answer the question why such a high internal conflict potential could arise in Somalia despite far reaching ethnic, cultural, religious and lingual homogeneity. Afterwards the historic events in the state-failure period from 1991-2009 will be described. The main sources for this
Download or read book War Crimes written by Rasna Warah and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In War Crimes Kenyan journalist Rasna Warah exposes how foreign governments and humanitarian agencies conspired to keep Somalia in a permanent state of under-development and conflict and how Somali politicians, warlords, clan-based fiefdoms and terrorists benefited from the ensuing chaos and anarchy. The book is about the many war crimes that have taken place in Somalia in the name of peace, development, religion and reconciliation. It reveals who gained from the spoils of war and who paid the price. War Crimes is an insightful examination of why a failed state colluded in its own destruction and why the international community did little to stop it.
Download or read book Fragile Peace written by Tobias Debiel and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2002 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several regions of the world are characterized by persistent internal conflict and deeply rooted structures of violence. This work explores why domestic and international efforts to re-establish order, human security, democratic processes, and a developing economy are proving difficult to achieve.
Download or read book The Preferred Future Development in Somalia written by Mohammed Farah Aidid and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anatomy of a State Collapse Somalia the Cold War and the era of Siyad Barr written by Christian Rabe and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Politics - Region: Africa, grade: 1,0, University of Constance (Department: Politics), course: Failed States in Sub-Saharan Africa, language: English, abstract: “Self-Government now” had been the outspoken declaration of many African leaders in the aftermath of second world war. The broader historical context opened a window for African countries to achieve statehood and new self-determination independent from war ridden European colonial powers. At the Horn of Africa and the neighbouring regions, similarly to the overall trend on the continent, countries became independent. Ethiopia gained first home rule in 1941, Somalia 1960 during the so called year of Africa, Sudan 1956 and Kenya in 1963. Yet, the new right of self-governance jointly with the difficult colonial heritage brought numerous new problems to African societies. Leaders faced new challenges to transform their territories to progressive and prosperous nation states bringing African countries modernity. However, many of the territories given independence found their way into state failure. As Collier (2007) points out in his book „The bottom billion“ that global poverty is actually falling quite rapidly for about 80% of the world. The real crisis is to be found in a group of about 50 failing states, whose problems challenge traditional approaches to reduce poverty. He argues that 50 failed states pose the central challenge of the developing world in the twenty-first century. On that account the phenomenon of failed states needs considerable investigation effort by scholars. One especially extreme case of state failure is Somalia. It is this African country, which had become the epitome of a failed state, such frequently quoted, mentioned and discussed in literature like hardly any other. Somalia attained an unknown level of media coverage when the US-led mission UNOSOM in 1992 delivered food and aid to Somalia culminating in the shot down of US Helicopters over Mogadishu by troops of General Mohamed Farrah Aideed, which led to an immediate withdrawal of US troops in October 1993.
Download or read book Somalia written by Mohamed Osman Omar and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Root Causes of the United Nations Failure in Somalia written by Othman O. Mahmood and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the Somali crisis broke out in the 1990s and the Somali central government collapsed, the United Nations made several attempts to mediate the conflicting parties. The crisis reached its highest climax, leading to the successful US-led Operation Restore Hope. Unfortunately, when the leadership of the operation was transferred to the United Nations, the UN-led intervention failed miserably leading to further unrest and destabilization. The Root Causes of the United Nations' Failure in Somalia, examines the events of the Somali crisis and dissects the reasons behind the failure. Author Mahmood focuses on three crucial factors that led to this turn of events often overlooked by many other scholarly studies. One, the UN representatives lacked the knowledge and understanding of the Somali clan system and peacemaking leadership in the Somali society. Two, neighboring countries, especially Ethiopia and Kenya, fueled and manipulated Somali's internal animosities. Three, international aid agencies had multiple layers of interests in the region and some of them had veiled interests in the continuation of the Somali crisis. Mahmood definitively shows that the United Nations had numerous golden opportunities to stabilize Somalia and reestablish governmental structures, yet still failed. The Root Causes of the United Nations' Failure in Somalia provides a much-needed contribution to the scholarship of this critical subject.
Download or read book Fighting for Peace in Somalia written by Paul D. Williams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fighting for Peace in Somalia provides the first comprehensive analysis of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), an operation deployed in 2007 to stabilize the country and defend its fledgling government from one of the world's deadliest militant organizations, Harakat al-Shabaab. The book's two parts provide a history of the mission from its genesis in an earlier, failed regional initiative in 2005 up to mid-2017, as well as an analysis of the mission's six most challenges, namely, logistics, security sector reform, civilian protection, strategic communications, stabilization, and developing a successful exit strategy. These issues are all central to the broader debates about how to design effective peace operations in Africa and beyond. AMISOM was remarkable in several respects: it would become the African Union's (AU) largest peace operation by a considerable margin deploying over 22,000 soldiers; it became the longest running mission under AU command and control, outlasting the nearest contender by over seven years; it also became the AU's most expensive operation, at its peak costing approximately US$1 billion per year; and, sadly, AMISOM became the AU's deadliest mission. Although often referred to as a peacekeeping operation, AMISOM's troops were given a range of daunting tasks that went well beyond the realm of peacekeeping, including VIP protection, war-fighting, counterinsurgency, stabilization, and state-building as well as supporting electoral processes and facilitating humanitarian assistance. Tana Forum Annual Book Launch 2019 Winner.
Download or read book The Somali Crisis written by Rossella Marangio and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-lasting Somali conflict is profoundly linked to the country's historical development and its socio-cultural specificities. The political milieu and the struggle for power in Somalia reflect the cleavage between tradition and modernity. This rift has led to a legitimacy vacuum, which has made it difficult for the warring parties to find enough common ground for a compromise. Furthermore, external influences, at both regional and international levels, have contributed to the fragmentation of the political arena, due notably to the emphasis on the use of force as the principal tool for acquiring or maintaining power. In this unfolding crisis, regional pressures and rivalries, international interventions, economic and strategic interests as well as piracy, corruption and Islamic extremism all play an interlocking role. In view of this, a new approach to the crisis is badly needed. The EU, in particular, should promote a new strategy based on three components: enhancement of social cohesion through local cooperation programmes, state-building and development.
Download or read book Somalia Crisis in Economic and Financial Management written by Ali Issa Abdi and published by . This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study reviews the recent history of public finance mismanagement and its adverse impact on Somalia, drawing upon five decades of economic and financial mismanagement in the country. A principal thesis of the study is that, while decades-long poor sociopolitical governance and multiple other factors contributed to the implosion of the Somali central state, a crisis in financial and economic management-in particular, endemic misuse of public resoruces-is a root cause of the state collapse and a principal challenge facing national recovery. This crisis, manifested in practically non-existent financial integrity institutions, keeps the country insecure and unstable.
Download or read book Military Government Commitment to Development and Manifest Achievements written by M. Samater and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
