Download or read book Highlights in Solute Solvent Interactions written by Wolfgang Linert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most organic molecules retain their integrity when dissolved, and even though in such cases the effects exerted by solvents are, in the language of the coordination chemist, of the "outer sphere" kind, the choice of solvent can be critical to the successful outcome of an operation or preparation. Solubilities of reactants and products must be taken into account, and even if the organic principals in the reactions retain their integrity, many of the reagents are electrolytes, and their state of aggregation will affect their reactivity. In testifying to the importance of understanding solute-solvent interactions I draw attention to a large class of inorganic species for which the involvement in the chemical and physical properties by the solvent is even more deeply seated. It is comprised by the large body of metal atoms in low oxidation states for which solvent molecules intervene as reagents. At the same time, because the ions carry charges, the effects arising from outer sphere interactions are usually greater than they are for neutral molecules. To cite an example: when FeCb(s) is dissolved in water to form a dilute - say O. OlO- solution there is a complete reorganization of the coordination sphere of the cation. Whereas in the solid each cation is surrounded by six chloride ions, in the solution the dominant form is [Fe(H20)6]3+ followed by [Fe(H20)sCI]2+, [Fe(H20)4CI2]+, etc. in rapidly decreasing abundance.
Download or read book Highlights in Solute Solvent Interactions written by Wolfgang Linert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most organic molecules retain their integrity when dissolved, and even though in such cases the effects exerted by solvents are, in the language of the coordination chemist, of the "outer sphere" kind, the choice of solvent can be critical to the successful outcome of an operation or preparation. Solubilities of reactants and products must be taken into account, and even if the organic principals in the reactions retain their integrity, many of the reagents are electrolytes, and their state of aggregation will affect their reactivity. In testifying to the importance of understanding solute-solvent interactions I draw attention to a large class of inorganic species for which the involvement in the chemical and physical properties by the solvent is even more deeply seated. It is comprised by the large body of metal atoms in low oxidation states for which solvent molecules intervene as reagents. At the same time, because the ions carry charges, the effects arising from outer sphere interactions are usually greater than they are for neutral molecules. To cite an example: when FeCb(s) is dissolved in water to form a dilute - say O. OlO- solution there is a complete reorganization of the coordination sphere of the cation. Whereas in the solid each cation is surrounded by six chloride ions, in the solution the dominant form is [Fe(H20)6]3+ followed by [Fe(H20)sCI]2+, [Fe(H20)4CI2]+, etc. in rapidly decreasing abundance.
Download or read book Solute solvent Interactions in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Philip Wayne Schultz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry in Aqueous and Non aqueous Solvents written by Y. Mido and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2001 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Aqueous Solution Chemistry, Acids and Bases, Solute-Solvent Interactions, Chemistry in Protonic Solvents Liquid Ammonia, Liquid Hydrogen, Fluoride, Sulphuric, Acid, Liquid, Hydrogen, Cyanide, Acetic Acid and Liquid Hydrogen Sulphide, Non- Protonic Solvents Liquid Dinitrogen Tetroxide, Liquid Sulphur, Dioxide and Liquid Halides.
Download or read book Solvation Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non Aqeuous Solvents written by K. Burger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvation, Ionic and Complex Formation Reactions in Non-Aqueous Solvents: Experimental Methods for their Investigation presents the available methods and their particular value in investigating solutions composed of non-aqueous solvents. This book is composed of 10 chapters and begins with a brief description of the complexity of the interactions possible n solutions. The subsequent chapters deal with a classification of the solvents and empirical solvent strength scales based on various experimental parameters, together with various correlations empirically describing the solvent effect. Other chapters present the methods for the purification of solvents and ways of checking their purity, as well as the individual results achieved during investigations of the solvent effect, particularly the general regularities recognized. The remaining chapters provide a review of the coordination chemistry of non-aqueous solutions. This book will prove useful to analytical and inorganic chemists.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents VA written by J.J. Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume V-A: Principles and Basic Solvents provides the theoretical aspects of nonaqueous solution chemistry independent of solvent and information on individual solvent systems. This volume contains chapters on solvation and complex formation in protic and aprotic solvents; solvent basicity; ion-selective electrodes in nonaqueous solvents; nonaqueous solvents in organic electroanalytical chemistry; and anhydrous hydrazine and water-hydrazine mixtures. Chemists, researchers, and students of chemistry and chemical engineering will find the book a good reference material.
Download or read book Buffers for pH and Metal Ion Control written by D. Perrin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended as a practical manual for chemists, biologists and others whose work requires the use of pH or metal-ion buffers. Much information on buffers is scattered throughout the literature and it has been our endeavour to select data and instructions likely to be helpful in the choice of suitable buffer substances and for the preparation of appropriate solutions. For details of pH measurement and the preparation of standard acid and alkali solutions the reader is referred to a companion volume, A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant's The Determination of Ionization Constants (1971). Although the aims of the book are essentially practical, it also deals in some detail with those theoretical aspects considered most helpful to an understanding of buffer applications. We have cast our net widely to include pH buffers for particular purposes and for measurements in non-aqueous and mixed solvent systems. In recent years there has been a significant expansion in the range of available buffers, particularly for biological studies, largely in conse quence of the development of many zwiUerionic buffers by Good et al. (1966). These are described in Chapter 3.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents V4 written by J J Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume IV: Solution Phenomena and Aprotic Solvents focuses on the chemistry of nonaqueous solvents, with emphasis on solution phenomena and aprotic solvents such as tetramethylurea, inorganic acid chlorides, cyclic carbonates, and sulfolane. This book is organized into seven chapters and begins with an overview of the theory of electrical conductivity and elementary experimental considerations, along with some of the interesting research on nonaqueous solvents. It then turns to a discussion on hydrogen bonding phenomena in nonaqueous systems as probed by four spectroscopic techniques; the different methods used in studying redox systems in nonaqueous solvents such as potentiometry and steady state diffusion methods; and the use of tetramethylurea as a nonaqueous medium for chemical reactions and chemical investigations. The reader is also introduced to inorganic acid chlorides of high dielectric constant, with special reference to antimony trichloride, and preparation methods for cyclic carbonates including vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate. The book concludes with a chapter on sulfolane, focusing on its preparation and purification, physical properties, and toxicology. This book will be of interest to chemists who want to know more about nonaqueous solvents.
Download or read book Ionic Solvation written by Gennadiĭ Alekseevich Krestov and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1994 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, widely-read anthology presents cogent and provocativearticles from differing political perspectives on major issues in post-World WarII America. The fourth edition is considerably expanded to include newselections on the AIDS epidemic, gay rights, the women's movement, and theClinton-Gore administration. In addition to articles by leading historians theeditors have chosen first-person accounts by participants in each of the issuesunder discussion, from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from the BirminghamJail" to Al Gore's speech on environmentalism. With lively introductions to eachsection providing a context for the articles, this book helps students makesense of the tumultuous world of our time.
Download or read book The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents VB written by J.J. Lagowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of Nonaqueous Solvents, Volume V: Acidic and Aprotic Solvents, Part B covers the theoretical aspects of individual solvents in nonaqueous solution chemistry. This volume is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters discuss the purification, structure, physical properties, electrochemistry, solubilities, and reactions of specific solvents, including trifluoroacetic and halosulfuric acids. Chapter 3 deals briefly with the preparations and properties of the interhalogens, principally in the liquid state. This chapter emphasizes their uses as nonaqueous solvents, especially through extensive study of their acid-base reactions. Spectroscopic data and their contribution to the understanding of their solution chemistries are also considered. Chapter 4 surveys the autoionization, purification methods, solubilities, solvolytic reactions, conductivity, conductometric, potentiometric, spectrophotometric, and visual titrations, as well as the isolation of solid complexes in inorganic halides and oxyhalides. Chapter 5 describes the solubility, reactivity, and spectroscopic data of molten salts. This book is of value to analytical chemists, and analytical chemistry teachers and students.
Download or read book Solute solvent Interactions written by Johannes Francois Coetzee and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemistry in Nonaqueous Solutions written by Kosuke Izutsu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An excellent resource for all graduate students and researchers using electrochemical techniques. After introducing the reader to the fundamentals, the book focuses on the latest developments in the techniques and applications in this field. This second edition contains new material on environmentally-friendly solvents, such as room-temperature ionic liquids.
Download or read book Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry written by Christian Reichardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most cases, every chemist must deal with solvent effects, whether voluntarily or otherwise. Since its publication, this has been the standard reference on all topics related to solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. Christian Reichardt provides reliable information on the subject, allowing chemists to understand and effectively use these phenomena. 3rd updated and enlarged edition of a classic 35% more contents excellent, proven concept includes current developments, such as ionic liquids indispensable in research and industry From the reviews of the second edition: "...This is an immensely useful book, and the source that I would turn to first when seeking virtually any information about solvent effects." —Organometallics
Download or read book Characterization of Solutes in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Mamantov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of contributions by participants in the Symposium "Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterizat.ion of Solute Species in Non~Aqueous Solvents" which took place at the American Chemical Society Meeting, Division of Analytical Chemistry, August 31 and September I, 1976, San Francisco, California. The manuscripts were submitted to the editor during the first half of 1977 and, in most cases, represent reviews of selected research topics in the broad area of characterization of solute species in non~aqueous solvents. In organizing this Symposium, I attempted to bring together a significantly large group of research workers involved in spectro scopic and electrochemical studies in the three large classes of non-aqueous solvents ~ organic solvents, covalent inorganic sol vents and molten salts. The experimental apprcaches and problems, such as avoidance of traces of moisture and oxygen, are frequently similar for all types of non-aqueous solvents. It is hoped that this volume will be useful to all concerned with chemistry in non-aqueous solvents. Gleb l>lamantov , Contents 1. IDENTIFICATION AND SYSTEMIZATION OF SOLVENT PROPERTIES INVOLVED IN THE LIGAND SUBSTITUTION KINETICS OF LABILE COMPLEXES OF NICKEL(II) J. F. Coetzee, D. Frollini, C. G. Karakatsanis, E. J.
Download or read book Fourth International Conference on Non Aqueous Solutions written by V. Gutmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Aqueous Solutions is a collection of papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on the same subject. One paper presents the application of far- and mid-infra-red, Raman, alkali metal n.m.r. and 35C1 n.m.r. techniques to the study of electrolyte solutions in non-aqueous solvents. The paper notes that spectroscopic techniques can be very useful in the elucidation of the structure of electrolyte solutions. Both the vibrational spectroscopy and particularly the alkali metal n.m.r. are very sensitive probes of the immediate chemical environment of ions in solutions. Another paper points out that the energy change associated with the solvation of ions can be represented as the sum of two energy terms; firstly, from the dielectric polarization of the solvent molecules in the continuous dielectric medium; and secondly, due to specific ion-solvent interactions in the inner solvation shells of the ions. The energy contribution of the latter is minimal but can show comparatively large differences in various types of solvents. Another paper describes the chemistry of solutions in highly associated strong protonic acid solvents, including sulphuric acid, oleums, fluorosulfuric acid, and hydrogen fluoride. Organic chemists, analytical chemists, investigators, and scientists whose works involve physical or inorganic chemistry will find the collection truly beneficial.
Download or read book Inorganic Chemistry in Nonaqueous Solvents written by Arthur Kenneth Holliday and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1965 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemistry in Nonaqueous Solutions written by Kōsuke Izutsu and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-05-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonaqueous solutions are equally indispensable to electrochemistry. Here, Kosuke Izutsu brilliantly illustrates the numerous aspects of this fascinating topic, whether the focus be on physicochemical processes or analytical methods. The author discusses solvation and solvent effects emphasizing dynamic aspects, important reactions including ionic and supercritical media, as well as advanced techniques in polarography and voltammetry. Throughout, he effortlessly manages to provide a comprehensive overview while also presenting the very latest developments. A number of example applications further enhance the practical value of this book and give it the feel of a reference work. Written for both users and specialists this volume represents a wealth of vital information and belongs on every bookshelf.
