Download or read book Social Exchange written by Kenneth Gergen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION In developing scientific theory there is perhaps nothing more propi tious than a compelling metaphor. If the metaphor is rich in imagery, complexly differentiated, emotionally evocative, and vitally wedded to the cultural lore, the theory to which it gives rise may enjoy a long and vigorous life. If the metaphor is sufficiently powerful, the theory may even be sustained in independence of systematic empirical support. Role theory is likely to remain prosperous so long as there is a thriving theater; decision theory experienced a dramatic rejuvenation with the development of the electronic computer; and, in spite of its archaic construction, Jungian theory will prevail so long as ancient myths and symbols continue to haunt us (d. Smith, 1978). From this standpoint, the development of social exchange theory is hardly surprising. Ex perience with the marketplace is extensive in society, its images are both complex and richly evocative, its challenges are often exciting and its lessons sometimes painful. It is thus both intellectually and emo tionally invigorating to consider the social arena in all its diversity as an extended market in which each individual seeks to maximize profits. The economic metaphor is hardly new to the social sciences. The recent intellectual roots of contemporary exchange theory can be traced to the works of Claude Levi-Strauss, Marcel Mauss, Karl Marx, and B.
Download or read book Social Exchange in Developing Relationships written by Robert L. Burgess and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Exchange in Developing Relationships is a collection of papers that deals with the systematic study of the development of relationships. The papers discuss several theoretical perspectives, such as evolutionary theory, personality theory, cognitive developmental theory, equity theory, role theory, and attribution theory. One paper discusses romantic relationships—the evolution of first acquaintance to close or intimate commitment. Another paper presents the hypothesis that the factors causing a relationship to begin will also probably steer intermediate cognitive processes, eventually influencing the nature of the relationship. Commitment requires specific concepts such as input levels contributed to the relationship, duration of these inputs, and their consistency of occurrence. The equity theory suggests that equity principles determine the selection of one's mate and how they (the partners) will get along in the future. One paper analyzes the dynamic theories of social relationships and the resulting research strategies: that the conceptualization of a parameter of a social relationship can affect the choice of data collection techniques and other matters. Sociologists, psychologists, historians, students, and academicians doing sociological research, can benefit greatly from this collection.
Download or read book Coercive Power in Social Exchange written by Linda D. Molm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-01-28 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coercive Power in Social Exchange describes the progression and results of a decade-long program of experimental research on power in social exchange relations. Exchange theorists have traditionally excluded punishment and coercion from the scope of their analyses; Molm examines whether exchange theory can be expanded to include both reward and coercive power. Working within the framework of Emerson's power-dependence theory, but also drawing on the decision theory concepts of strategic action and loss aversion, Molm develops and tests a theory of coercion in social exchange that emphasizes the interdependence of these two bases of power. Her work shows that reward power and coercive power are fundamentally different, not only in their effects on behavior but also in the structural incentive to use power and the risks of power use. When exchanges are nonnegotiated and secured by the "shadow of the future", rather than by binding agreements, dependence both encourages and constrains the use of coercion.
Download or read book Social Exchange Theory written by John K. Chadwick-Jones and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Literacy as Social Exchange written by Maureen M. Hourigan and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1994-09-27 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literacy as Social Exchange examines the intersection of culture and literacy education. In particular, it explores the roles that class, race, ethnicity, and gender play in students' learning to negotiate the conventions of academic discourse. It argues that recent literacy scholarship has tended to isolate class, gender, and culture as discrete, marginalizing factors, but such isolation may unintentionally silence voices from non-Western, non-mainstream cultures. Writing program administrators and writing teachers who are interested in constructing programs that address the needs of all students in increasingly multicultural classrooms, will need to examine how cultural factors influence the way students learn to read, write, and think critically. The author points out that some of the most influential scholars writing about the plight of underprivileged writers teach at some of the most exclusive institutions in the nation. These "basic writers" are not nearly so disadvantaged as many of the student writers most writing teachers encounter every day. The author explores enrollment trends in higher education that indicate conclusively that writing classrooms will soon be filled with students from non-Western, non-mainstream cuiltures. Because these students' rhetorical and literacy traditions will be unlike both those of their teachers and of the "basic writers" upon which so much literacy scholarship focuses, educators and literacy scholars need to increasingly conceptualize literacy in its larger political, social, and economic contexts.
Download or read book Economic Exchange and Social Interaction in Southeast Asia written by Karl L. Hutterer and published by U OF M CENTER FOR SOUTH EAST ASIAN STUDI. This book was released on 1978-01-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic behavior is governed by two major sets of boundary conditions: environmental and technological factors on the one hand, and conditions of social organization on the other hand. Indeed, social scientists are often particularly interested in the framework of exchange relationships: exchange of goods, services, personnel, and information. Economic exchanges lend concrete manifestations to social relations that themselves may transcend the economic realm and that otherwise are often difficult to trace. Yet in social science research in Southeast Asia, the area of economic studies has lagged behind, despite the great study potential represented by the tremendous diversity of its physical and human environment. Economic Exchange and Social Interaction in Southeast Asia attempts to take advantage of that opportunity. As a number of the contributions to this volume show, many if not most of the systems organized on very different levels of integration interact with each other. Taken as a whole, they provide evidence of the incredible diversity of economic and social systems that may be investigated in Southeast Asia.
Download or read book Explaining Conversations written by Robert Murray Thomas and published by Jason Aronson. This book was released on 2012 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining Conversations offers a different way of interpreting people's social exchanges than has been available in the past. The book is replete with examples of people's verbal interactions in the form of chats, arguments, debates, and negotiations, both within a culture and across cultures. The volume's subtitle, A Developmental Social-Exchange Theory, identifies a theme featured in Chapters 2 and 5--the typical pattern by which social-exchange skills evolve over the first two decades of life. Throughout the book, the underlying meanings of conversations are interpreted in terms of (a) the needs people seek to fulfill through their conversations, (b) the influence of a person's culture on what is said, (c) individuals' patterns of thought (metacognition) during a conversation, (d) how people's expectations about a conversation affect what they will say, and (e) strategies individuals adopt to achieve their goals. The book includes a chapter designed to guide parents and teachers in promoting young children's and adolescents' social-exchange skills.
Download or read book Exchange Action and Social Structure written by Milan Zafirovski and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2001-07-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume provides a new interpretation and synthesis of network exchange theory in an effort to contribute to a neo-Weberian economic sociology. Arguing against commonly held assumptions about network exchange theory and its interpretation of all social actions as economic exchanges, Zafirovski seeks to explain these processes by employing an interdisciplinary approach and by examining the impact of social and institutional structures on market-economic exchange. The author argues that economic structure, processes, and actions are the outcomes of social action and institutions, not the other way around. This rehabilitation of economic sociology begins with a reconsideration of the character, scope, and development of the field. The author then grounds his sociological approach to economic exchange in social action and structure before examining the role of social motivations in economic exchange. He then examines the political structuration, the cultural constitution, and the social construction of economic exchange and exchange cycles. The book concludes with a discussion of the character and variation of economic exchange in comparative social systems and the relationships of exchange, economic development, and social variables. This unique and persuasive book is an important contribution to the study of economic sociology and sociological theory.
Download or read book Exchange and Power in Social Life written by Peter Blau and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his landmark study of exchange and power in social life, Peter M. Blau contributes to an understanding of social structure by analyzing the social processes that govern the relations between individuals and groups. The basic question that Blau considers is: How does social life become organized into increasingly complex structures of associations among humans.This analysis, first published in 1964, represents a pioneering contribution to the sociological literature. Blau uses concepts of exchange, reciprocity, imbalance, and power to examine social life and to derive the more complex processes in social structure from the simpler ones. The principles of reciprocity and imbalance are used to derive such processes as power, changes in group structure; and the two major forces that govern the dynamics of complex social structures: the legitimization of organizing authority of increasing scope and the emergence of oppositions along different lines producing conflict and change.
Download or read book Social Behavior As Resource Exchange written by Kjell Y. Törnblom and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Humans are social animals. Thus, we cannot survive in isolation. We satisfy our needs through seeking, maintaining, and engaging in relationships and interaction with other people. However, social interactions are complex"--
Download or read book Social Exchange Theory written by Peter Palmer Ekeh and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Where are the Utopian Visionaries written by Hansy Better Barraza and published by Periscope. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fits the era of Obama and financial meltdown. It contains essays by mostly young architects who have gone grass roots to work with people, materials, and building types way off radar for earlier generations of architects. There is an eye-opening essay on bamboo. Jean Chae discusses her work using materials form Home Depot to build communal buildings in villages of Central America. Balkrishna Doshi introduces a "housing development" that its inhabitants, following a few guidelines, built from debris. The point throughout is a reversal of the usual flow of power and ideas. The architects have all endeavored to learn from people who, if noticed by mainstream authorities, have had buildings imposed on them. 175 illustrations
Download or read book The Modern Corporation and Private Property written by Adolf Augustus Berle and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exchange and Power in Social Life written by Peter Blau and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his landmark study of exchange and power in social life, Peter M. Blau contributes to an understanding of social structure by analyzing the social processes that govern the relations between individuals and groups. The basic question that Blau considers is: How does social life become organized into increasingly complex structures of associations among humans.This analysis, first published in 1964, represents a pioneering contribution to the sociological literature. Blau uses concepts of exchange, reciprocity, imbalance, and power to examine social life and to derive the more complex processes in social structure from the simpler ones. The principles of reciprocity and imbalance are used to derive such processes as power, changes in group structure; and the two major forces that govern the dynamics of complex social structures: the legitimization of organizing authority of increasing scope and the emergence of oppositions along different lines producing conflict and change.
Download or read book Constructing Social Theory written by David C. Bell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructing Social Theory discusses the nature of social theory and theoretical orientations. Organized by forty-three theoretical orientations in seven domains--exchange, power, adaptation/reinforcement, social bond, altruism, functionalism, and identity--the text includes a tutorial on how to identify an appropriate theoretical orientation and create a theory given a particular research question. Bell separates the theoretical orientation of causal logic from theory itself, illuminating the mechanisms of scientific revolutions where new theoretical orientations are created, and the procedures of normal science, in which theories are developed using the logic of existing theoretical orientations.
Download or read book Rational Choice and Social Exchange written by Anthony Heath and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1976-05-20 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1976 book provides a systematic exposition of the principle components of exchange theory, and goes on to give a critique of these theories, paying particular attention to the success of their empirical applications. It concludes that exchange theory has an important part to play in the development of social science.
Download or read book Social Exchange Dramaturgy and Ethnomethodology written by Jack N. Mitchell and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1978 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
