Download or read book Social and Structural Conditions of Deportation that Influence HIV Risk Among Mexican Deportees who Inject Drugs in the US Mexico Border written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background : Along the US-Mexico border persons who inject drugs (PWID) with a history of deportation from the US are at increased risk for HIV as compared to non-deported PWID. However, drivers and factors contributing to this elevated HIV risk among deported PWID are poorly understood. Aims : The aims of this dissertation were to: (1) to critically review evidence linking deportation and HIV risk in Mexico; (2) to identify the relationship between deportation and recent (i.e., past 6 months) police victimization experiences (e.g., physical violence, extortion) among PWID in Tijuana, Mexico; and (3) to describe the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among deported PWID in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods : In Chapter 2, a critical review of evidence linking HIV risk and deportation was conducted using existing peer-reviewed research with deported migrants in Mexico. Chapter 3 and 4 draws from questionnaires collected among PWID (n = 733) participating in a longitudinal prospective cohort study in Tijuana. Chapter 3 examines the baseline questionnaires of 733 PWID. Chapter 4 draws on data collected among a subset sample of PWID with a history of deportation (n = 132). Results : Chapter 2 found that deported migrants in Mexico commonly display a higher prevalence of HIV risk behaviors and HIV infection, especially among males and PWID. Various environmental influences that migrants experience post-deportation that may elevate their risk for acquiring HIV infection are discussed. Chapter 3 found that 56% of PWID had experienced police victimization in the past 6-months; differential experiences with police between deported and non-deported PWID were documented. Factors related to being a migrant and a drug user were independently associated with recent police victimization. Chapter 4 found that 45% of PWID reported current symptoms of depression, which was associated with having been initially detained in the US for a crime-related reason before being deported and perceiving needing help with current drug use. Conclusion : HIV vulnerability among migrants who inject drugs is closely linked to their social and physical experience with their receiving environments post-deportation. Structural interventions targeting various social and structural environmental factors are warranted to reduce risks associated with HIV infection.
Download or read book Deported Americans written by Beth C. Caldwell and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Gina was deported to Tijuana, Mexico, in 2011, she left behind her parents, siblings, and children, all of whom are U.S. citizens. Despite having once had a green card, Gina was removed from the only country she had ever known. In Deported Americans legal scholar and former public defender Beth C. Caldwell tells Gina's story alongside those of dozens of other Dreamers, who are among the hundreds of thousands who have been deported to Mexico in recent years. Many of them had lawful status, held green cards, or served in the U.S. military. Now, they have been banished, many with no hope of lawfully returning. Having interviewed over one hundred deportees and their families, Caldwell traces deportation's long-term consequences—such as depression, drug use, and homelessness—on both sides of the border. Showing how U.S. deportation law systematically fails to protect the rights of immigrants and their families, Caldwell challenges traditional notions of what it means to be an American and recommends legislative and judicial reforms to mitigate the injustices suffered by the millions of U.S. citizens affected by deportation.
Download or read book Predictors of High Risk Sexual Behaviors in Deported Male Mexican Migrants written by Elizabeth Ko Lampley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deported Mexican migrants are a disadvantaged population with unique risk factors for HIV infection. Studies suggest that Mexican migrants frequently engage in sexual risk behaviors, such as unprotected sex and a high number of sexual partners. A previous study using similar methods and study population to those described in this paper found rates of HIV to be lower in Mexican migrants than the general United State's (US) population. However the relatively high prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among Mexican migrants could result in the rapid spread of HIV, once the virus is introduced into this population. In order to design and implement effective prevention efforts, the determinants of sexual risk behavior in this population must first be identified. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relative contribution to variance in sexual risk behaviors by individual and environmental factors selected on the basis of the Behavioral Ecological Model. Data were collected from a sample of deported Mexican migrants selected on the basis of a probability sampling design from August to November 2009. Analyses were conducted on 353 male participants who (1) had been in the US for at least 24 hours during the 12 months prior to the interview, and (2) reported having sex during that time in the US. Backwards step-wise multiple linear regression models were used to test the association for 20 independent variables that would account for the most variance in the high risk sexual behavior index with the most parsimonious model. The final model included eight independent variables: age, marital status, level of education, English speaking, self-reported level of HIV risk, sex while under the influence of illicit drugs in the last 12 months in the US, condom use social norms, and sex partner social norms. The model explained 14.4% of the variance in high risk sexual behavior. Findings suggest that self-reported level of HIV risk was the strongest predictor of high risk sexual behavior while in the US. Results were partially explained by the BEM, but additional research is necessary to explain a higher proportion of the variance in sexual risk behavior in order to design risk reduction interventions.
Download or read book Correlates of Perceived Risk of HIV Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana Baja California Mexico written by Richard F. Armenta and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: The prevalence of injection drug use in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico is one of the highest in Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify correlates of perceived HIV risk among injection drugs users (IDUs) in Tijuana. Methods: IDUs[greater than or equal to] 18 years of age who had injected drugs in the past six months were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS) from 2006-2007 and underwent interviews and testing for HIV, syphilis and tuberculosis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression with RDS adjustment was used to determine correlates of perceived HIV risk. Results: Of 1015 IDUs, 54.6% perceived themselves to be more likely to become HIV-infected relative to other IDUs in Tijuana, whereas 45.4% perceived themselves to be as likely or less likely to become HIV-infected. Factors independently associated with high perceived risk of HIV infection included: having health insurance (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.83, 7.17), being homeless (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.26,4.76), ever being deported from the US (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.82), using a syringe to divide drugs at least half the time (OR = 6.30, 95% CI: 2.12, 18.66), never or only sometimes using a new/sterile syringe to inject drugs (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.81), injecting drugs [greater than or equal to] 4 days a week (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.80), not having sex in the past six months (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.91, 6.09), never having had a prior HIV test (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.60, 4.10), receiving something in exchange for sex in the past six months (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.96), and ever having had sex with an HIV-positive person (OR = 8.59, 95% CI: 3.13, 23.55). Conclusions: Findings suggest that the majority of IDUs in Tijuana recognize that they are at risk of HIV infection, and this recognition is associated with both high-risk behaviors and markers of vulnerability such as homelessness and deportation from the United States. The findings support efforts to encourage those who recognize their risk to adopt healthier behaviors. Such efforts should include the promotion of HIV testing and access to health care for this highly vulnerable population, coupled with free access to sterile syringes and drug abuse treatment which have been shown to reduce the risk of blood-borne infections.
Download or read book The importance of the body mind relationship in mental functioning and development of body focused disorders in adolescence written by Stefania Cella and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-14 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emergent Public Health Issues in the US Mexico Border Region written by Cecilia Ballesteros Rosales and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: US-Mexico border region area has unique social, demographic and policy forces at work that shape the health of its residents as well as serves as a microcosm of migration health challenges facing an increasingly mobile and globalized world. This region reflects the largest migratory flow between any two nations in the world. Data from the Pew Research Center shows over the last 25 years there has never been lower than 140,000 annual immigrants from Mexico to the United States (with peaks over 700,000). This migratory route is extremely hazardous due to natural (e.g., arid and hot desert regions) and human made barriers as well as border enforcement practices tied to socio-political and geopolitical pressures. Also, reflecting the national interdependency of public health and human services needs, during the most recent five year period surveyed the migratory flow between the US and Mexico has equaled that of the flow of Mexico to the US--both around 1.4 million persons. Of particular public health concern, within the US-Mexico region of both nations there is among the highest disparities in income, education, infrastructure and access to health care--factors within the World Health Organization’s conceptualization of the Social Determinants of Health, and among the highest rates of chronic disease. For instance obesity and diabetes rates in this region are among the highest of those monitored in the world, with adult population estimates of the former over 40% and estimates in some population sub-groups for the latter over 20%. The publications reflected in this Research Topic, all reviewed from experts in the field, addressed many of the public health issues in the US Mexico Border Health Commission’s Healthy Border 2020 objectives. Those objectives-- broad public health goals used to guide a diverse range of government, research and community-based stakeholders--include Non Communicable Diseases (including adult and childhood obesity-related ones; cancer), Infectious Diseases (e.g., tuberculosis; HIV; emerging diseases--particularly mosquito borne illnesses), Maternal and Child Health, Mental Health Disorders, and Motor Vehicle Accidents. Other relevant public health issues affecting this region, for example environmental health, binational health services coordination (e.g., immunization), the impact of migration throughout the Americas and globally in this region, health issues related to the physical climate, access to quality health care, discrimination/mistreatment and well-being, acculturative/immigration stress, violence, substance use/abuse, oral health, respiratory disease, and well-being from a social determinants of health framework, are critical areas addressed in these publications or for future research. Each of these Research Topic publications presented applied solutions (e.g., new programs, technology or infrastructure) and/or public health policy recommendations relevant to each public health challenge addressed.
Download or read book Rethinking Social Epidemiology written by Patricia O’Campo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, much of the empirical work in social epidemiology has demonstrated the existence of health inequalities along a number of axes of social differentiation. However, this research, in isolation, will not inform effective solutions to health inequalities. Rethinking Social Epidemiology provides an expanded vision of social epidemiology as a science of change, one that seeks to better address key questions related to both the causes of social inequalities in health (problem-focused research) as well as the implementation of interventions to alleviate conditions of marginalization and poverty (solution-focused research). This book is ideally suited for emerging and practicing social epidemiologists as well as graduate students and health professionals in related disciplines.
Download or read book 1990 Census of Population and Housing written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Views on Migration in Sub saharan Africa written by Catherine Cross and published by HSRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book World Report 2019 written by Human Rights Watch and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 957 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.
Download or read book War Epidemics written by Matthew Smallman-Raynor and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-06-17 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Down the ages, war epidemics have decimated the fighting strength of armies, caused the suspension and cancellation of military operations, and have brought havoc to the civil populations of belligerent and non-belligerent states alike. This book examines the historical occurrence and geographical spread of infectious diseases in association with past wars. It addresses an intrinsically geographical question: how are the spatial dynamics of epidemics influenced by military operations and the directives of war? The term historical geography in the title indicates the authors' primary concern with qualitative analyses of archival source materials over a 150-year time period from 1850, and this is combined with quantitative analyses less frequently associated with historical studies. Written from the viewpoints of historical geography, epidemiology, and spatial analysis, this book examines in four parts the historical occurrence and geographical spread of infectious diseases in association with wars. Part I: War and Disease, surveys war-disease associations from early times to 1850. Part II: Temporal Trends studies time trends since 1850. Part III: A Regional Pattern of War Epidemics, examines grand themes in the war-disease complex. Part IV: Prospects, considers a series of war-related issues of epidemiological significance in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book The Commuter Nation written by Carlos Antonio Torre and published by La Editorial, UPR. This book was released on 1994 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Forceful arguments analyze the migration phenomenon in Puerto Rico from different points of view: the parallel between migration in Corcega and migration in Puerto Rico by Hugo Rodriguez Vecchini; and the definition of ""Puerto Rican"" offered by Juan Manuel Garcia Passalacqua."
Download or read book Hidden Slaves written by Barry Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forced labor is a serious & pervasive problem in the U.S. At any given time 10,000 or more people work as forced laborers in cities & towns across the country, & it is likely that the actual number is much higher, possibly tens of thousands. Because forced labor is hidden, inhumane, widespread, & criminal, sustained & coordinated efforts by U.S. law enforce., social service providers, & the general public are needed to expose & eradicate this illicit trade. This report documents the nature & scope of forced labor in the U.S. from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2003. It is the first study to examine the numbers, demographic characteristics, & origins of victims & perpetrators of forced labor in the U.S. & the adequacy of the U.S. response to this growing problem. Illus.
Download or read book Freedom in the World 2006 written by Freedom House and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2006 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freedom in the World, the Freedom House flagship survey whose findings have been published annually since 1972, is the standard-setting comparative assessment of global political rights and civil liberties. The survey ratings and narrative reports on 192 countries and a group of select territories are used by policy makers, the media, international corporations, and civic activists and human rights defenders to monitor trends in democracy and track improvements and setbacks in freedom worldwide. Press accounts of the survey findings appear in hundreds of influential newspapers in the United States and abroad and form the basis of numerous radio and television reports. The Freedom in the World political rights and civil liberties ratings are determined through a multi-layered process of research and evaluation by a team of regional analysts and eminent scholars. The analysts used a broad range of sources of information, including foreign and domestic news reports, academic studies, nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, individual professional contacts, and visits to the region, in conducting their research. The methodology of the survey is derived in large measure from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these standards are applied to all countries and territories, irrespective of geographical location, ethnic or religious composition, or level of economic development.
Download or read book The Effects of Migration on Child Health in Mexico written by Nicole Hildebrandt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors investigate the impact of international migration on child health outcomes in rural Mexico using a nationally representative demographic survey. They use historic migration networks as instruments for current household migration to the United States in order to correct for the possible endogeneity of migrant status. They find that children in migrant households have lower rates of infant mortality and higher birth-weights. The authors study the channels through which migration may affect health outcomes and find evidence that migration raises health knowledge in addition to the direct effect on wealth. However they also find that preventative health care, such as breastfeeding and vaccinations, is less likely for children in migrant households. These results provide a broader and more nuanced view of the health consequences of migration than is offered by the existing literature.
Download or read book Closing the Distance written by Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias and published by Migration Policy Institute and the Bertelsmann Foundation. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book offers an unprecedented taxonomy of 45 diaspora-engaging institutions found in 30 developing countries, exploring their activities and objectives; it also provides important perspectives from country case studies by senior practitioners from Mali, Mexico, and the Philippines."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Population Mobility and Infectious Disease written by Yorghos Apostolopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the complex roles of mobile, transient, and displaced populations in the worldwide spread of disease. While biomedical events cause disease, social forces such as poverty and marginalization magnify them by giving them opportunities to take hold. From Katrina to Darfur, and from influenza to AIDS, an expert panel of health and social scientists brings the social context of epidemics into clear focus.
