Download or read book SN1 Collection of Interlaced Speeches written by Tomás Morales y Durán and published by Libros de Verdad. This book was released on 2024-03-31 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saṁyutta is the past participle of saṁyujjati meaning to bind or tie. A saṃyutta is a bundle in which discourses (suttas) are presented tied together, a poetic image used to refer to bundles of packaged discourses using their subject matter as a criterion. Thus, the Saṁyutta Nikāya means "collection of bundles" that are grouped by subject. However, a more accurate designation would be "Interwoven Discourses," based on their structure, development, and presentation. The Saṁyutta Nikāya is the most important of the four collections, or nikāyas, containing the doctrinal texts of the Gotama Buddha. The others are the Digha Nikāya, the Majjhima Nikāya, the Anguttara Nikāya. There is information of other kinds in some sections of the Sutta Nipata and the Vinaya includes accounts of Sangha living and its rules. Usually the information is presented in two components, one biographical and the other doctrinal. The Saṁyutta Nikāya is the more important doctrinal set, where all doctrinal topics, with all their variations, are exhaustively addressed, presenting the biographical component essential to be able to locate the teachings in their place of impartation. Thus, while the Digha and the Majjhima Nikāya are full of drama, debate and narrative, here the decorative framework is absent. The whole situation is simplified into one sentence, usually abbreviated as "In Sāvatthī, in Jeta Park," and even in the fourth book this is omitted. The long and tortuous road that the various texts have traveled until reaching the ones we have today is a reflection of the long, diffuse and intermittent history of Buddhism in Asia. We must remember that at the time of the Buddha the cultural advances of the Harappa civilization had been forgotten for millennia. This civilization had writing and such an advanced standardization in construction techniques that the early sites were discarded as modern. The standardized fired brick throughout the Indus Valley gave way to flimsy reed and mud constructions that, as we will see in this work, reached the construction of a meeting house of unfired bricks. And it would be another century and a half before the first scripts appeared, which gradually made writing possible. Therefore, the Buddha lived technically in prehistoric times. The transmission of knowledge was exclusively oral. This is important for the presentation and development of this work. The discourses obey mnemonic structures made to be remembered by large groups of bhikkhus, each of them with parts that, in turn, are shared by other bhikkhus, so that the redundancy was sufficient to overcome losses of information due to the death of certain individuals or were even able to somehow survive calamities and mortalities, until a century before the common era, they decided to pass the teachings to flimsy palm leaves in order to conjure all these risks once and for all. Ancient Chinese served as the first written refuge for the teachings. This language is very ancient, although its availability in India was supposedly limited. Today we have received the so-called "Chinese Agamas" which are translations of oral Sanskrit texts. The drawback is that they are fragmented, scattered and largely lost. Although they do not serve to reconstruct the teaching, their value is extraordinary to find the precise definition of technical terms, since both Chinese and Sanskrit are living languages today that have an enormous and rich etymology and comparative uses. The most important collection that has come down to us to the present day is the "Nikāyas Pāli". While it is the most complete, it is simultaneously the most problematic. Pāli was never a natural spoken language. It is an artificial language with an obscure kinship to old dialects of present-day Pakistan. The pāli was created for the exclusive purpose of containing the so-called "Pāli Canon" which is a heterogeneous accumulation of texts combining versions of the originals mixed with tales, legends and classical philosophical-religious lucubrations, which were included in order to give them "authority". The restoration work was made possible by five factors: 1. They are mystical texts, and since the mystical experience is objective, it can be recognized in the text. 2. The interwoven structure of the texts forces the choice of the correct word to be valid in different environments and occasions throughout the work. 3. The support of the Chinese Agamas. 4. The etymologies and uses of traditionally corresponding terms in Sanskrit. 5. Raw access to texts in Pāli. Thanks to these factors it was possible to achieve the restoration of the original meaning given by the Buddha, which remained, worse than bad, under layers of millenary crusts, as a result of the accumulation of the avatars that the texts suffered during the last twenty-five centuries. The reason for this profound misunderstanding lies in the fact that the teachings of the Buddha are mystical texts addressed to people who practice mysticism and only mystics understand them in their full extent. Just like travel books where it is the travelers who get the real benefit. Once the last disciples of the Buddha disappear that knowledge is extinguished and the mystical path is closed. Without jhānas there is no teaching. This was already warned by the Buddha himself, who was never interested in leaving his teaching for future generations, precisely because of this. If it has reached us until today, it was not by his will but by political decision of his mortal enemy, King Ajātasattu of Māgadha, who organizes and sponsors the First Council that was already schismatic: half of the Sangha rejected the results of the council. From then on, the texts will be orphaned of meaning and will wander through centuries, councils, kingdoms and empires, always seeking the warmth of political power like any other religion. But today, having recovered the mysticism and being functional again, this wonderful window opened by the Blessed One opens again for those who today see what the Buddha saw, and who today live what his noble Sangha lived. If, in any way, it is useful to you, you are welcome to this window to the Truth.

Download or read book A Dynamical Approach to Random Matrix Theory written by László Erdős and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A co-publication of the AMS and the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University This book is a concise and self-contained introduction of recent techniques to prove local spectral universality for large random matrices. Random matrix theory is a fast expanding research area, and this book mainly focuses on the methods that the authors participated in developing over the past few years. Many other interesting topics are not included, and neither are several new developments within the framework of these methods. The authors have chosen instead to present key concepts that they believe are the core of these methods and should be relevant for future applications. They keep technicalities to a minimum to make the book accessible to graduate students. With this in mind, they include in this book the basic notions and tools for high-dimensional analysis, such as large deviation, entropy, Dirichlet form, and the logarithmic Sobolev inequality. This manuscript has been developed and continuously improved over the last five years. The authors have taught this material in several regular graduate courses at Harvard, Munich, and Vienna, in addition to various summer schools and short courses. Titles in this series are co-published with the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University.

Download or read book FPGA Implementations of Neural Networks written by Amos R. Omondi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-04 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980s and early 1990s there was signi?cant work in the design and implementation of hardware neurocomputers. Nevertheless, most of these efforts may be judged to have been unsuccessful: at no time have have ha- ware neurocomputers been in wide use. This lack of success may be largely attributed to the fact that earlier work was almost entirely aimed at developing custom neurocomputers, based on ASIC technology, but for such niche - eas this technology was never suf?ciently developed or competitive enough to justify large-scale adoption. On the other hand, gate-arrays of the period m- tioned were never large enough nor fast enough for serious arti?cial-neur- network (ANN) applications. But technology has now improved: the capacity and performance of current FPGAs are such that they present a much more realistic alternative. Consequently neurocomputers based on FPGAs are now a much more practical proposition than they have been in the past. This book summarizes some work towards this goal and consists of 12 papers that were selected, after review, from a number of submissions. The book is nominally divided into three parts: Chapters 1 through 4 deal with foundational issues; Chapters 5 through 11 deal with a variety of implementations; and Chapter 12 looks at the lessons learned from a large-scale project and also reconsiders design issues in light of current and future technology.

Download or read book The Network Turn written by Ruth Ahnert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a networked world. Online social networking platforms and the World Wide Web have changed how society thinks about connectivity. Because of the technological nature of such networks, their study has predominantly taken place within the domains of computer science and related scientific fields. But arts and humanities scholars are increasingly using the same kinds of visual and quantitative analysis to shed light on aspects of culture and society hitherto concealed. This Element contends that networks are a category of study that cuts across traditional academic barriers, uniting diverse disciplines through a shared understanding of complexity in our world. Moreover, we are at a moment in time when it is crucial that arts and humanities scholars join the critique of how large-scale network data and advanced network analysis are being harnessed for the purposes of power, surveillance, and commercial gain. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Assembly and Reliability of Lead Free Solder Joints written by John H. Lau and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the assembly and reliability of lead-free solder joints. Both the principles and engineering practice are addressed, with more weight placed on the latter. This is achieved by providing in-depth studies on a number of major topics such as solder joints in conventional and advanced packaging components, commonly used lead-free materials, soldering processes, advanced specialty flux designs, characterization of lead-free solder joints, reliability testing and data analyses, design for reliability, and failure analyses for lead-free solder joints. Uniquely, the content not only addresses electronic manufacturing services (EMS) on the second-level interconnects, but also packaging assembly on the first-level interconnects and the semiconductor back-end on the 3D IC integration interconnects. Thus, the book offers an indispensable resource for the complete food chain of electronics products.

Download or read book Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics I written by José Braz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of papers presented at the 1st International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). The papers focus on real world applications, covering three main themes: Intelligent Control Systems, Optimization, Robotics and Automation, Signal Processing, Systems Modeling and Control. The book will interest professionals in the areas of control and robotics.

Download or read book Digital Signal Processing Handbook on CD ROM written by VIJAY MADISETTI and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-02-26 with total page 1725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A best-seller in its print version, this comprehensive CD-ROM reference contains unique, fully searchable coverage of all major topics in digital signal processing (DSP), establishing an invaluable, time-saving resource for the engineering community. Its unique and broad scope includes contributions from all DSP specialties, including: telecommunications, computer engineering, acoustics, seismic data analysis, DSP software and hardware, image and video processing, remote sensing, multimedia applications, medical technology, radar and sonar applications

Download or read book Symmetry Relationships Between Crystal Structures written by Ulrich Müller and published by Academic. This book was released on 2013-04-04 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the basic information needed to understand and to organize the huge amount of known structures of crystalline solids. Its basis is crystallographic group theory (space group theory), with special emphasis on the relations between the symmetry properties of crystals.

Download or read book Engineering Materials and Tribology XXIV written by Irina Hussainova and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 24th International Baltic Conference on Engineering Materials & Tribology (BALTMATTRIB & IFHTSE 2015), November 5-6, 2015, Tallinn, Estonia

Download or read book Nonlinear Laser Dynamics written by Kathy Lüdge and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinctive discussion of the nonlinear dynamical phenomena of semiconductor lasers. The book combines recent results of quantum dot laser modeling with mathematical details and an analytic understanding of nonlinear phenomena in semiconductor lasers and points out possible applications of lasers in cryptography and chaos control. This interdisciplinary approach makes it a unique and powerful source of knowledge for anyone intending to contribute to this field of research. By presenting both experimental and theoretical results, the distinguished authors consider solitary lasers with nano-structured material, as well as integrated devices with complex feedback sections. In so doing, they address such topics as the bifurcation theory of systems with time delay, analysis of chaotic dynamics, and the modeling of quantum transport. They also address chaos-based cryptography as an example of the technical application of highly nonlinear laser systems.

Download or read book Clinical Guideline Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What Do Astrologers Believe written by Nicholas Campion and published by Granta Books. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'And God said, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to separate the day from the night; and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years."' Genesis 1: 14 Astrology, the notion that the stars and planets hold significance for human life, exists in most cultures. It is evident in Stone Age lunar calendars dating back to 30,000 BCE. Today, 90 per cent of Indians consult astrologers about their forthcoming marriages while over 50 per cent of people in the West read their horoscopes in newspapers or magazines. How has this pre-Christian, pre-scientific view of the cosmos survived to the present day and what is its enduring appeal? Astrology's techniques and philosophical foundations are complex and there is no single tradition. Astrology may be seen as science, art, religion, craft or superstition. For most adherents it is either a path to self-understanding or an organizing principle that helps give purpose to an otherwise meaningless world. Nicholas Campion explores astrology's past and present, its claims and appeal, and explains what astrologers really believe.

Download or read book Solder Joint Reliability of BGA CSP Flip Chip and Fine Pitch SMT Assemblies written by John H. Lau and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosive growth of high-density packaging has created a tremendous impact on the electronic assembly and manufacturing industry. Ball grid array (BGA), chip-scale package (CSP), and solder-bumped flip chip technologies are taking the lead in this advanced manufacturing process. Many major equipment makers and leading electronic companies are now gearing up for these emerging and advanced packaging technologies. For these technologies, solder is the electrical and mechanical "glue," and thus solder joint reliability is one of the most critical issues in the development of these technologies. This book is a one-stop guide to the state of the art of solder joint reliability problem-solving methods, or choose a creative, high-performance, robust, and cost-effective design and high-yield manufacturing process for their interconnect systems will be able to do so with this unique sourcebook. It meets the reference needs of design, material, process, equipment, manufacturing, quality control, product assurance, reliability, component, packaging, vendor, marketing, and system engineers, and technical managers working in electronic packaging and interconnection. This book is structured to provide readers with the necessary know-how for practical, on-the-job problem-solving guidance. The book covers the solder joint reliability of BGA, CSP, flip chip, and FPT assemblies completely, proceeding from the theoretical basics to applications. Specific areas covered include: Definition of reliability, life distribution, failure rate, mean time to failure, etc.; Some well-known life distributions; Accelerated testing; Parameter estimation of life distributions; Acceleration factors for solders;Solder mechanics: plasticity, creep, and constitutive equations; Design, material, and manufacturing processes of BGA, CSP, flip chip, and FTP; Failure analysis and root cause of failure for BGA, CSP, flip chip, and FPT solder joints; Design for reliability of BGA, CSP, flip chip and FPT solder joints; Solder joint reliability of CBGA, PBGA, DBGA, and TBGA assemblies under thermal fatigue, mechanical bending and twisting, and shock and vibration conditions; solder joint reliability of flip chip (e.g., high-temperature and eutectic solder bumped flip chips on ceramic and PCB) assemblies under thermal fatigue, mechanical pulling, shearing, bending and twisting, and shock and vibration conditions; Solder joint reliability of CSP (e.g., LG Semicon's, Mitsubishi's, Motorola's, Tessera's, NEC's, nitto Denko's and Toshiba's) assemblies under thermal fatigue and mechanical bending conditions; Solder joint reliability of PQFP and TSOP assemblies under thermal fatigue, mechanical bending and twisting, and vibration conditions.

Download or read book Reflow Soldering Processes written by Ning-Cheng Lee and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2002-01-11 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused on technological innovations in the field of electronics packaging and production, this book elucidates the changes in reflow soldering processes, its impact on defect mechanisms, and, accordingly, the troubleshooting techniques during these processes in a variety of board types. Geared toward electronics manufacturing process engineers, design engineers, as well as students in process engineering classes, Reflow Soldering Processes and Troubleshooting will be a strong contender in the continuing skill development market for manufacturing personnel. Written using a very practical, hands-on approach, Reflow Soldering Processes and Troubleshooting provides the means for engineers to increase their understanding of the principles of soldering, flux, and solder paste technology. The author facilitates learning about other essential topics, such as area array packages--including BGA, CSP, and FC designs, bumping technique, assembly, and rework process,--and provides an increased understanding of the reliability failure modes of soldered SMT components. With cost effectiveness foremost in mind, this book is designed to troubleshoot errors or problems before boards go into the manufacturing process, saving time and money on the front end. The author's vast expertise and knowledge ensure that coverage of topics is expertly researched, written, and organized to best meet the needs of manufacturing process engineers, students, practitioners, and anyone with a desire to learn more about reflow soldering processes. Comprehensive and indispensable, this book will prove a perfect training and reference tool that readers will find invaluable. Provides engineers the cutting-edge technology in a rapidly changing field Offers in-depth coverage of the principles of soldering, flux, solder paste technology, area array packages--including BGA, CSP, and FC designs, bumping technique, assembly, and the rework process

Download or read book ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS written by I. J. NAGRATH and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2007-09-13 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed specifically for undergraduate students of Electronics and Electrical Engineering and its related disciplines, this book offers an excellent coverage of all essential topics and provides a solid foundation for analysing electronic circuits. It covers the course named Electronic Devices and Circuits of various universities. The book will also be useful to diploma students, AMIE students, and those pursuing courses in B.Sc. (Electronics) and M.Sc. (Physics). The students are thoroughly introduced to the full spectrum of fundamental topics beginning with the theory of semiconductors and p-n junction behaviour. The devices treated include diodes, transistors—BJTs, JFETs and MOSFETs—and thyristors. The circuitry covered comprises small signal (ac), power amplifiers, oscillators, and operational amplifiers including many important applications of those versatile devices. A separate chapter on IC fabrication technology is provided to give an idea of the technologies being used in this area. There are a variety of solved examples and applications for conceptual understanding. Problems at the end of each chapter are provided to test, reinforce and enhance learning.

Download or read book Crystallographic Instrumentation written by L. A. Aslanov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovations in crystallographic instrumentation and the rapid development of methods of diffraction measurement have led to a vast improvement in our ability to determine crystal and molecular structure. This up-to-date resource will allow the reader to harness the potential of X-ray diffraction instruments. Different sources of X-radiation used in crystallography are introduced, including synchrotron radiation, as well as a systematic review of detectors for X-rays and basic instruments for single crystal and powder diffractometry. The principles of the diffraction experiment are discussed and related to their practical application with a comparative description of different scan procedures. Diffraction data collection and processing are also reviewed and methods for error correction are described. This book will provide a useful guide for researchers and students starting in this area of science, as well as skilled crystallographers.

Download or read book Solder Joint Reliability written by John H. Lau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solders have given the designer of modern consumer, commercial, and military electronic systems a remarkable flexibility to interconnect electronic components. The properties of solder have facilitated broad assembly choices that have fueled creative applications to advance technology. Solder is the electrical and me chanical "glue" of electronic assemblies. This pervasive dependency on solder has stimulated new interest in applica tions as well as a more concerted effort to better understand materials properties. We need not look far to see solder being used to interconnect ever finer geo metries. Assembly of micropassive discrete devices that are hardly visible to the unaided eye, of silicon chips directly to ceramic and plastic substrates, and of very fine peripheral leaded packages constitute a few of solder's uses. There has been a marked increase in university research related to solder. New electronic packaging centers stimulate applications, and materials engineering and science departments have demonstrated a new vigor to improve both the materials and our understanding of them. Industrial research and development continues to stimulate new application, and refreshing new packaging ideas are emerging. New handbooks have been published to help both the neophyte and seasoned packaging engineer.