Download or read book Small scale water supply system SSS for remote and rural areas in developing countries written by Jose Abdon Ordóñez Andrade and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Waterbackpack PAUL -Portable Aqua Unit for Life Saving- is a water treatment unit based on the Ultra-Low Pressure Ultrafiltration (ULP-UF) technology and is since 2010 successfully applied as a fast response to get safe water during natural disasters or emergencies in more than 2 000 cases worldwide. In addition, PAUL has demonstrated that the ULP-UF technology can be used in permanent decentralised drinking-water supply for remote and rural areas, as it is easy to handle and does require neither chemicals nor energy consumption nor spare parts on a regular basis. Hence, the ULP-UF is an appropriate solution in the process of reaching the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensure by 2030 access to safe drinking water worldwide. However, during long-term uses and under certain water characteristics, the ULP-UF faces some operational and maintenance challenges. The biofouling adhered to the membrane surface may lead to severe flux reduction. In addition, some re-growth of bacteria may take place on the permeate side because of the presence of high content of natural organic matter (NOM) in the raw water, especially Biopolymer and Humic Acids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to integrate some appropriate treatment steps before the ULP-UF technology, so that a reduction of attachment of NOM and biofilm to the membrane could be achieved and thus an increase of permeate flux and a reduction of potential regrowth of bacteria on permeate water could be accomplished.
Download or read book Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment in Rural Regions written by Sarbatly, Rosalam and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a basic human need, water and its treatment are of the utmost importance. However, some rural areas are disadvantaged and have difficulty in effectively treating their water supply, which can affect the health and safety of their region. To protect and defend citizens, research must supply effective and applicable methods in securing the safety and drinkability of water. Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment in Rural Regions is an essential publication that discusses the fabrication and characterization of membranes, processes and operations, and specific applications of membranes on water and wastewater treatment. Moreover, the book discusses selected promising aspects of membrane usage in the industry with a focus on palm oil mill industry, sewage management and treatment, and water treatment in rural areas. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics including membrane processes, water production, and transport resistances, this book is ideally designed for engineers, chemists, environmentalists, public officials, researchers, academicians, students, and industry professionals.
Download or read book Assessment Framework for Urban Water Security written by Hassan Tolba Aboelnga and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban water security is crucial for achieving sustainable development, peace, and human health and well-being. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty of its definition and assessment framework. Several studies have assessed water security in widely divergent ways by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to local conditions. This dissertation develops a new urban water security definition and assessment framework applicable to water scarce cities, with a focus on Madaba, Jordan. It takes a novel and systematic approach to assessing urban water security and culminates in integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) as a diagnostic tool and guide management actions. The dissertation suggests a new working definition of urban water security based on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 on safe drinking water for all and the human rights on water and sanitation as follows: The dynamic capacity of water systems and stakeholders to safeguard sustainable and equitable access to water of adequate quantity and acceptable quality that is continuously, physically and legally available at an affordable cost for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being and socioeconomic development, ensuring protection against waterborne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability. This proposed definition captures issues at the urban level of technical, environmental and socioeconomic indicators that emphasize credibility, legitimacy and salience. The assessment framework establishes a criteria hierarchy, consisting of four main dimensions to achieve urban water security: drinking water and human well-being, ecosystem, climate change and water-related hazards and socioeconomic aspects (together, DECS). The framework enables the analysis of relationships and trade-offs between urbanization, water security and DECS indicators. The dissertation also provides a structured analysis to understand how urban water is managed in intermittent water supply system, by conducting a water balance analysis after quantifying the components of water losses in Madaba’s water distribution network. The findings showed that Madaba's non-revenue water (NRW) amounted to annual loss of about 3.5 million m3, corresponding to financial losses of 2.8 million USD to the utility, of which 1.7 million USD is the cost of real losses. The dissertation provided an intervention strategy for strengthening infrastructure resilience and reducing leakage via the infrastructure, repair, economic, awareness and pressure (IREAP) framework. The IREAP framework provides a robust strategy to shift intermittent water supply (IWS) into continuous water supply. The IUWSI highlighted the state of water security in Madaba, Jordan and identified the means of implementation to move towards achieving urban water security based on the priorities for Madaba. The drinking water and human wellbeing dimension was the most important priority, receiving a weight of 66.22%, followed by ecosystem (17.15%), socioeconomic aspects (10.18%), and climate change and water-related hazards (6.45%) dimensions. The IUWSI indicated that the urban water security in Madaba is reasonable with a score of 2.5/5 and can meet the minimum requirements in several dimensions, but nonetheless, it has many loopholes to cover. Gaps are clear in the climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic dimensions with scores of 1.6/5 and 2.237/5 respectively. Additionally, specific shortcomings are found in indicators such as water availability, reliability, diversity, and public health. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resource management in water-scarce cities
Download or read book Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Xuan-Thanh Bui and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems covers different recent advanced technologies, including green technologies, for biological wastewater treatment and wastewater reuse. The technologies involve novel biological processes and/or modified processes coupled with nano materials for improving the performance of the existing treatment processes. The book also describes treatment strategies for the current pollution from complex organic matter, nutrients, toxic substances, micro plastics and emerging micro pollutants in different water resources. The treatment processes describe the recent developed technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse such as biological nutrient removal, bioreactors, photobioreactors, membrane bioreactors, wetlands, algae-bacteria process, natural treatments, integrated/hybrid bio systems, etc. The novel bio systems include aerobic, anaerobic, facultative operation modes with various of types of microorganisms. Provides updated information on biological nutrient removal from wastewater Includes anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment processes Provides state-of-art information on design and operation of novel systems, including membrane bioreactors Describes hybrid treatment processes
Download or read book Guidelines for the Development of Small Scale Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Projects in East Africa written by Dennis B. Warner and published by Catholic Relief Services. This book was released on 2005-09-21 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document constitutes general technical guidelines for the planning and implementation of small-scale water supply and sanitation activities in rural East Africa, which includes both projects funded under the USAID Title II (Food for Peace) Program and projects funded by other donors. It is intended to assist Catholic Relief Services and its partners in improving the effectiveness, environmental protection and long-term sustainability of water and sanitation activities in the rural, and often food-insecure, areas of East Africa.
Download or read book Water for Rural Communities written by John Briscoe and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to improve the water supplies used by people in rural areas of developing countries have run into serious obstacles: not only are public funds not available to build facilities for all, but many newly constructed facilities have fallen into disrepair and disuse. Along with the numerous failures there are also successes in this sector. From these successes a new view has begun to emerge of what the guiding principles of rural water supply strategies should be. This book brings together and spells out the constituents of this emerging view. The central message is that it is the local people themselves, not those trying to help them, who have the most important role to play. The community itself must be the primary decisionmaker, the primary investor, the primary organizer, and the primary overseer. The authors examine the implications of this primary principle for the main policy issues - the level of service to be provided in different settings, the level and mechanisms for cost recovery, the roles for the private and public sectors, and the role of women. The potential advantages of proceeding from this outlook, instead of the older top-down approaches, are considerable. Improvement efforts are more likely to meet felt needs, new facilities are more likely to be kept in service, and more communities are more likely to get safe water sooner.
Download or read book Rural Water Supply and Sanitation written by Anthony A. Churchill and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small scale Water Supply written by Brian Skinner and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climbing the Water Ladder written by Barbara C. P. Koppen and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2009 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local government can be the pivot to make this happen.
Download or read book A Model for the Development of a Self help Water Supply Program written by Colin Glennie and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This working paper considers the manpower, training and institutional requirements of self-help water supply and sanitation programs. It is not possible to consider these issues in isolation from the overall nature of the program itself. The recommendations here would be of doubtful value if they were made sufficiently general to be applicable to any program in any country. Accordingly, the approach has been to consider a practical model for the development of a self-help program, and examine the issues of manpower, training and institutional requirements in relation to this model while discussing issues of parallel importance. This exercise provides a basis for considering what features of the model are applicable to other program models, and how they may be adapted accordingly. The paper describes a model which has taken a decade to develop in the field. Although the model has developed from a rural water supply program, many of the principal features are applicable to sanitation program development.
Download or read book Technical Assistance financed by the Japan Special Fund to the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam for Preparing the Rural Infrastructure for Sustainable Livelihood Improvement in Central Region Project written by Asian Development Bank and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small scale Private Service Providers of Water Supply and Electricity written by Mukami Kariuki and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes the key findings and conclusions of a literature review of small-scale private service providers (SPSPs) of water supply and electricity conducted over a six-month period in 2003. It draws on more than 400 documents-including journals, articles, reports, case studies and project reports-which have been disaggregated and referenced in a publicly available database. SPSPs appear most prevalent in countries with low coverage levels, ineffective public utilities that provide inadequate or partial services, and remote, difficult-to-access regions. SPSPs are especially prevalent in post-conflict countries and others with weak or failed states. Of the countries for which evidence of SPSPs was available, at least half fall into this category. SPSP provision of networked services appears to be significantly higher for electricity than for water supply. Most SPSPs identified through the literature are single-purpose entities established for the express purpose of delivering water supply or electricity. SPSPs take a variety of organizational forms, both for-profit and non-profit. As such, they are established for a variety of reasons, including: to meet consumer demand, respond to crises, or as part of larger business ventures. The technology used may extend upstream from distribution services to the means for producing or generating water supply or electricity, so capital needs vary accordingly. The majority of SPSPs have fewer than 50 employees and usually fewer than 10. A lack of affordable financing is a constraint for most SPSPs, which fund investments mainly through their own earnings and savings, loans from friends and family, and money borrowed from formal and informal lenders.
Download or read book Small Community Water Supplies written by E. H. Hofkes and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Domestic Water and Sanitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Community Water Supplies written by E. H. Hofkes and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rural Water Supply and Health written by Malin Falkenmark and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference report urging for a new rural area water supply strategy for improving health conditions in developing countries - examines drinking water-related infectious diseases, hygiene and health education, particularly of rural women, and discusses water resources assessment, the role and effectiveness of choice of technology and legislation on water pollution pollution control, and issues concerning further research, labour demand and training needs. Diagrams, graphs and references. Conference held in Uppsala 1980 Oct 6 to 17.
Download or read book Water Supply for Rural Areas and Small Communities written by Edmund G. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
