Download or read book Small Irrigation Tanks as a Source of Malaria Mosquito Vectors written by Felix P. Amerasinghe and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of small irrigation reservoirs (tanks) exist in rice ecosystems in malarious regions of south Asia. The potential of these tanks to generate malaria-transmitting mosquitoes has not been adequately evaluated. Through a study of nine small irrigation tanks in north-central Sri Lanka, this report provides an assessment of the capacity of tanks to generate malaria and nuisance mosquitoes, factors that contribute to mosquito generation, and measures that could ameliorate the problem.

Download or read book Small Irrigation Tanks as a Source of Malaria Mosquito Vectors written by F.P. Amerasinghe and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria; Tank-irrigatioin systems; Theme of the study; Methodology; Upper yan oya watershed; Study tanks; Survey of tank characteristics; Survey of mosquitoes; Data analyses; Results and discussion; Tank characteristics; Mosquito occurrence in tanks; Characteristics of mosquito-breeding habitats; Mosquito occurrence in relation to characteristics of tank habitats; Conclusions; Malaria vectors; Mosquito-breeding schematic; Tank rehabilitation and management.

Download or read book Biological and Environmental Control of Disease Vectors written by Mary M. Cameron and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the theory and practice of non-insecticidal control of insect vectors of human disease, this book provides an overview of methods including the use of botanical biocides and insect-derived semiochemicals, with an overall focus on integrated vector management strategies. While the mainstay of malaria control programmes relies on pesticides, there is a resurgence in the research and utilisation of non-insecticidal control measures due to concerns over rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance, and long-term environmental impacts. This book provides examples of successful applications in the field and recommendations for future use.

Download or read book Malaria and Land Use written by Eveline Klinkenberg and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transmission of malaria in Sri Lanka is unstable; its incidence greatly fluctuates from year to year and exhibits important variations within a year. Identification of the underlying risk factors of malaria is important to target the limited resources for the most-effective control of the disease. This report presents the first results of a project on malaria risk mapping to investigate whether this tool could be utilized to forecast malaria epidemics. It documents the key malaria risk factors for the Uda Walawe region of Sri Lanka, where monthly malaria incidence data were available over a 10-year period. In the study, data on aggregate malaria-incidence rates, land-use and water-use patterns, socioeconomic features and malaria-control interventions were collected and analyzed in a geographical information system. Malaria cases were mapped at the smallest administrative level and relative risks for different variables were calculated employing multivariate analyses. The findings of the study call for malaria-control strategies that are readily adapted to different ecological and epidemiological settings.

Download or read book Malaria transmission in the vicinity of impounded water evidence from the Koka Reservoir Ethiopia written by Solomon Kibret and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2009 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of dams in Africa is often associated with adverse malaria impacts in surrounding communities. However, the degree and nature of these impacts are rarely quantified and the feasibility of manipulating reservoir water levels to control mosquito breeding has not been previously investigated in Africa. This report describes entomological and epidemiological studies conducted around the Koka Dam and Reservoir in Ethiopia. The research findings confirm the role of the reservoir in increasing malaria transmission and provide evidence that there is potential to use dam operation in integrated malaria control strategies.

Download or read book Institutional Alternatives in African Smallholder Irrigation written by Tushaar Shah and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews several decades of global experience in transferring management of government-run irrigation systems to farmer associations or other nongovernmental agencies in an attempt to apply the lessons of success to the African smallholder irrigation context.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Smallholder Irrigation written by B. Albinson and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand” schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured” system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.

Download or read book A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation written by Barbara Van Koppen and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although gender issues are today a priority on the agendas of irrigation policy makers, interventionists, farm leaders and researchers, there is still a considerable gap between positive intentions and concrete action. An important but hitherto ignored reason for this is the lack of adequate generic concepts and tools that are policy-relevant and can accommodate the vast variation in irrigation contexts worldwide. The Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation (GPII) aims to fill this gap. In any particular scheme, this tool diagnoses the gendered organization of farming and gender-based inclusion or exclusion in irrigation institutions. It informs irrigation agencies what they themselves can do for effective change-if necessary. The tool also identifies gender issues beyond a strict mandate of irrigation water provision. The Indicator was applied and tested in nine case studies in Africa and Asia. The research report presents the underlying concepts, methodological guidelines and selected applications of the GPII.

Download or read book Health impacts of small reservoirs in Burkina Faso written by Eline Boelee and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Burkina Faso, at least 1,700 small reservoirs have been constructed, most of them during the last 30 years. Numerous and scattered, these beneficial multipurpose systems combine productive with domestic water uses. However, their environmental and health impacts remain insufficiently documented. This report combines data from different sources into syntheses and national maps, with a focus on water-related diseases. The mitigation of negative impacts requires an integrated approach to specifically identify the enhancing and limiting factors that influence environmental impacts and the transmission of diseases around reservoirs. Public awareness campaigns need to accompany the promotion of preventive and curative measures and the development of alternative water sources for domestic supply.

Download or read book More Crop Per Drop written by Meredith Giordano and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an analytical summary and a critical synthesis of research at the International Water Management Institute over the past decade under its evolving research paradigm known popularly as 'more crop per drop'. The research synthesized here covers the full range of issues falling in the larger canvas of water-food-health-environment interface. Besides its immediate role in sharing knowledge with the research, donor, and policy communities, this volume also has a larger purpose of promoting a new way of looking at the water issues within the broader development context of food, livelihood, health and environmental challenges. More crop per drop: Revisiting a research paradigm contrasts the acquired wisdom and fresh thinking on some of the most challenging water issues of our times. It describes new tools, approaches, and methodologies and also illustrates them with practical application both from a global perspective and within the local and regional contexts of Asia and Africa. Since this volume brings together all major research works of IWMI, including an almost exhaustive list of citations, in one single set of pages, it is very valuable not only as a reference material for researchers and students but also as a policy tool for decision-makers and development agencies.

Download or read book Poverty Dimensions of Irrigation Management Transfer in Large scale Canal Irrigation in Andra Pradesh and Gujarat India written by Barbara C. P. Koppen and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of evidence on the impacts of irrigation management transfer (IMT) shows that IMT risks aggravating rural poverty. For governments that aim to continue irrigation management while ensuring that it contributes to poverty alleviation, a "pro-poor" mode of IMT needs to be designed and implemented. That is, a mode of IMT that benefits poor farmers while benefiting non-poor farmers equally, or perhaps to a lesser degree. The present research explores the scope for pro-poor modes of IMT in canal irrigation, focusing on large-scale canal irrigation schemes in India.

Download or read book Energy irrigation Nexus in South Asia written by Tushaar Shah and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water use efficiency; groundwater irrigation; tubewells; sustainability; irrigated farming; households; farmers; irrigation systems; energy consumption; pumps; food security; water demend; electricity supplies.

Download or read book Energy irrigation nexus in South Asia Improving groundwater conservation and power sector viability written by Shah, T., Scott, C., Kishore, A., Sharma, A. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the highly populated South Asian region, where pump irrigation has gained predominance over gravity-flow irrigation in recent decades, the fortunes of groundwater and energy economies are closely tied. Little can be done in the groundwater economy that will not affect the energy economy, and the struggle to make the energy economy viable is frustrated by the often violent opposition from the farming community to the rationalization of energy prices. As a result, the region's groundwater economy has boomed at the expense of the development of the energy economy. This report suggests that this does not have to be so; and the first step to evolving approaches to sustaining a prosperous groundwater economy with a viable power sector is for the decision makers in the two sectors to talk to each other, and jointly explore better options for energy-groundwater co-management which, the authors suggest, have so far been overlooked.

Download or read book Irrigation Sector in Sri Lanka written by M. Kikuchi and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing the area under irrigation and the widespread adoption of seed-fertilizer technology were the major factors that contributed to enhanced rice production in Sri Lanka, enabling the country to achieve self-sufficiency in rice. In recent years, there has been a shift in emphasis from expanding the irrigated land base to enhancing the productivity of irrigated land through diversification of agriculture and improvement of rice production, with better water management in irrigation schemes. This report attempts to assess how the irrigation sector in Sri Lanka is adapting itself to these new challenges. It analyzes the future direction of irrigation in Sri Lanka in light of recent trends in public and private investment in this sphere, and the revolution in groundwater development brought about by the poor performance and gradual deterioration of existing irrigation schemes.

Download or read book Tubewell Transfer in Gujarat written by Aditi Mukherji and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In India public (government) tubewells were built with the intention of providing irrigation to all categories of farmers in a fair, equitable and affordable manner. However, most public tubewell programs across India have failed on all these counts. Efforts to transfer their management to water users too have met with little success. Nonetheless, the Gujarat Water Resources Development Corporation (GWRDC)-a state-owned public company-has achieved rare success in tubewell transfer by handing over management of around 60 percent of public tubewells in the Gujarat state to user groups. This study tries to identify the factors that helped in accelerating the transfer process and evaluate the performance of transferred tubewells against those owned by individuals and GWRDC. It also suggests some policy changes that can make the scheme function better and explores the replicability of the success achieved in Gujarat.

Download or read book Water Communities written by Rajib Shaw and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is the key to human civilization. Most of the ancient civilization had its roots to river basins, where people-water interaction was the key aspect. This book offers analytical case studies on different aspects of water communities, which is defined as the human-water interaction process.

Download or read book Water Productivity in the Syr Darya River Basin written by Iskandar Abdullaev and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: his report analyses water productivity and water-saving initiatives in the Syr-Darya river basin in Central Asia and presents institutional and political aspects of water management in the basin.