Download or read book Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Metabolism written by Juleen R. Zierath and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle written by Zhihao Jia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Exercise and Diabetes written by Erik A. Richter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre was founded in 1994 with the support of a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Among the goals for the Centre is the organization of research symposia, with the aim of bringing a limited number ofintemation ally renowned scientists together to discuss the latest developments and perspectives in their field. The first Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Conference was held in 1995 and dealt with cardiovascular regulation. The Second Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Confer ence was held from October 23-26, 1997. The topic of the Symposium was Muscle Metabo lism: Regulation, Exercise, and Diabetes. Seventy invited scientists from all over the world discussed their latest research related to skeletal muscle metabolism. The speakers were asked to expand on their presentations and to write short, but comprehensive, chapters about their given topics. The result is 28 peer-reviewed and edited chapters covering many if not all aspects of muscle energy metabolism related to exercise and diabetes. Emphasis is on regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the mechanisms regulating their use as fuels for the muscle during exercise. In addition, abnormalities in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the diabetic state are described. However, amino acid and protein metabolism are also thoroughly discussed. We believe that this volume brings an unparralleled, up to date, and comprehensive review of the frontiers in muscle metabolism. Erik A.
Download or read book Physical Inactivity Induced Dysregulation of Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Metabolism written by David S. Kump and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a precipitous decline in the daily physical activity in humans that has been accompanied by an epidemic rise in the incidence of obesity and type II diabetes. This rapid decline in physical activity in humans was simulated using a rate model where male rats that were physically active on voluntary running wheels for 21 days had their running wheels locked for 5-53 hours. During this time frame (between 5 and 53 hours of reduced physical activity), there is decreased insulin sensitivity in the epitrochlearis muscle, an increase in the mass of the epididymal and omental fat depots, and an increase in the size of epididymal adipocytes. In the epitrochlearis muscle, there was a decrease in multiple descriptive indices of insulin receptor activation that was associated with the decreased insulin sensitivity. In epididymal fat, there was an increase in triacylglycerol synthesis above that of animals that did not have access to running wheels; this was paralleled by an increase in the enzyme activity of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), a key regulatory point in the triacylglycerol synthesis pathway. An increase in mitochondrial GPAT protein is at least partly responsible for the increased enzyme activity. These studies provide a seminal foundation of mechanistic insights on how reduced physical activity elicits physiological changes that are commonly associated with common modern chronic diseases.
Download or read book Muscle Metabolism written by Juleen R Zierath and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes research on models comprising intact animal tissues, cell cultures and isolated pancreatic islets is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease as well as the mechanisms responsible for the chronic complications associated with it. Enormous advances in the understanding of the development of diabetes and its prevention hav
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Derived IL 6 in Liver and Adipose Tissue Metabolism written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle written by Stéphane Walrand and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Skeletal Muscle provides coverage of the evidence of dietary components that have proven beneficial for bettering adverse changes in skeletal muscle from disuse and aging. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body, providing elements of contraction and locomotion and acting as an important contributor to whole body protein and amino metabolism, glucose disposal and lipid metabolism. However, muscle loss, atrophy or weakness can occur when there are metabolic imbalances, disuse or aging. This book addresses the topic by providing insight and research from international leaders, making it the go-to reference for those in skeletal muscle physiology. Provides an understanding of the crucial role of skeletal muscle in global metabolic homeostasis regulation Delivers the information needed to understand the utilization of crucial supplements for the preservation of skeletal muscle Presents insights on research from international leaders in the field
Download or read book Exercise Metabolism written by Mark Hargreaves and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book In Vitro Studies of Human Skeletal Muscle written by Juleen R. Zierath and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Muscle Metabolism During Exercise written by Bengt Pernow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Howard G. Knuttgen of Biology, Boston University, 2 Cummington Department Street, Boston, 02215 Massachusetts, USA The relationship of the formation of lactate acid to skeletal muscle energy release in exercising humans was first explored by A. V. Hill and co-workers (2l, 22). The term "oxygen debt" was suggested by them to describe the excess oxygen consumption of recovery which they felt was closely related. A combination of their work and the earlier work of Krogh and Lindhard (35) re sulted at that time in the belief that a certain amount of energy release during the transition from rest to exercise was provided by a non-aerobic source, glycolysis. The resulting accumulation of lactic acid (as lactate) in the body required an extra con sumption during recovery for its oxidative removal. Jervell (24) subsequently showed that, in exercise, the greatest accumulation in blood took place during the first few minutes. He felt that the blood lactate increase was due to a shortage of oxygen during the transition period. The observation was also made for the first time that the increased level of lac tate due to exercise could be made to fall faster if mild exercise was employed by the subjects in place of sedentary recovery. The work of Margaria, Edwards and Dill (40) appeared in 1933. They observed that exercise (treadmill running) could be carried on at low levels without significant changes in resting levels of blood lactate.
Download or read book Chapter Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Plasticity in Obesity and Metabolic Disease written by Jozef Ukropec and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fatty Acid and Lipotoxicity in Obesity and Diabetes written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-03-11 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential lipotoxic effect of accumulation of fatty acids in non-adipose tissues is thought to be a major component in the development of insulin resistance. Chronic exposure to high concentrations of free fatty acids in the blood affects pancreatic β cell function, insulin secretion and lipid synthesis in the liver, and storage in adipose tissue. Maintaining the normal levels of fatty acids requires coordinated regulation between the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. This book deals with the molecular aspects of fatty acid action in obesity and insulin resistance. The topics include lipid metabolism and adipose tissue biology, and β cell function and insulin resistance. Chapters deal with the molecular genetics and molecular physiology of energy homeostasis.
Download or read book The Regulation of Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Substrate Metabolism by Ghrelin written by Daniel Cervone and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research examining a potential role for ghrelin, the "hunger hormone", in regulating substrate metabolism beyond its classical role in regulating appetite is relatively sparse. This is surprising given that ghrelin isoforms reach their peak circulating concentration just prior to the consumption of macronutrients. Here, we demonstrate a role for ghrelin in the direct regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in isolated skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Experiments were primarily ex vivo to eliminate confounding factors, such as growth hormone release following ghrelin administration in vivo. Metabolic measurements were coupled with cellular signalling analyses to give insight into ghrelin's cellular action. In study one, we investigated whether ghrelin could influence the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. We speculated, in theory, that the pre-prandial rise in ghrelin would downregulate adipose tissue lipolysis in preparation for a meal. We indeed found that ghrelin inhibited the adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis, although it remains uncertain whether this has physiological mealtime implications, in vivo. In the second study of this thesis, the purported role in the literature for ghrelin as a regulator of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is challenged. Ghrelin was unable to alter skeletal muscle insulin signalling or glucose uptake either independently, or in combination with insulin in isolated muscle. Finally, the third study expanded on previous work from our lab demonstrating that ghrelin stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. We sought to determine whether ghrelin could protect muscle against reductions to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin signalling activation acutely caused by saturated fatty acids. While both isoforms appeared to protect insulin signalling, only unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) was able to preserve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. UnAG also stimulated palmitate oxidation more effectively than AG. To that end, the preservation of insulin action by UnAG was abolished when fatty acid oxidation was pharmacologically inhibited. Finally, the effects of UnAG on glucose uptake and palmitate oxidation were no longer evident in muscle isolated from high-fat fed rats, implying a resistance to ghrelin. Taken together, the findings in this thesis highlight important new roles for ghrelin in regulating substrate metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
Download or read book The Effects of Ageing and High Fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Adrenomedullin and Its Receptor Components in Rat Skeletal Muscles and Adipose Tissues written by Hei-Man Chow and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Effects of Ageing and High-fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Adrenomedullin and Its Receptor Components in Rat Skeletal Muscles and Adipose Tissues" by Hei-man, Chow, 周熙文, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled The Effects of Ageing and High-Fat Diet on the Gene Expression of Adrenomedullin and its Receptor Components in Rat Skeletal Muscles and Adipose Tissues Submitted by Hei Man Chow for the Degree of Master of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong In August 2007 Metabolic syndrome is characterized by obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. Insulin resistance is a state in which a given concentration of insulin produces a sub-optimal biological effect in target tissues of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver. Despite reports about the presence of adrenomedullin (AM) in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues, and the effect of high-fat diet induced obesity on its expression, details of the effects of ageing on AM levels in rat have not been reported. Here, the effects of ageing and high-fat diet on the gene expression of AM and its receptor component proteins, the metabolic effects of AM on skeletal and adipose tissue and the regulation of AM gene expression by glucose and insulin are reported. Both ageing and high-fat diet reduce the gene expression of preproAM in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. For the gene expression of receptor component proteins in the skeletal muscle, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) was reduced by both, but the receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 2 was only decreased on ageing. In the adipose tissue, significant reductions of gene expression were observed in all the receptor component proteins (CRLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3) from the ageing study only. Moreover, immunoreactive (ir-) AM peptide contents were decreased by the ageing and high-fat diet in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. All these changes might suggest a reduction of AM level and functions. Obesity is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. Ageing is also characterized by hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia might affect the gene expression of AM in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. We found a decrease in AM gene expression by insulin in vitro in the skeletal muscle, similar to the adipose tissue, as reported previously. However, glucose did not lead to any significant changes. These suggest the AM gene expression in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is under transcription control of insulin but not glucose. The changes in AM gene expression suggested that AM might play roles in the regulation of fuel metabolism in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. We extended the studies to the effects of AM on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and found that was inhibited by AM in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Such effects were reversed by a specific AM blocker, hAM(22-52); as well as a specific protein kinase A blocker, H89. Lipolysis in adipose tissue was enhanced with AM. These findings showed the increase in AM might be a possible cause to the insulin resistance. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3876701 Subjects: Adrenomedullin Gene expression Adipose tissues Aging Food habits Rats - Physiology
Download or read book Activated T Cells Impair Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Functions in Obesity written by Ilvira Mardanova Khan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes written by Beatrice Morio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes
