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Book Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock Regeneration After Selective Harvesting Tongass National Forest Southeast Alaska

Download or read book Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock Regeneration After Selective Harvesting Tongass National Forest Southeast Alaska written by Louise Simmons Yount and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Forest Residues in Hemlock spruce Forests of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska

Download or read book Forest Residues in Hemlock spruce Forests of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska written by Robert H. Ruth and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The forest manager must balance all the interacting and often conflicting factors influencing residue management and decide on the best course of action. He needs to determine optimum volume, size, and arrangement of residues to leave on an area after logging, then to select the harvesting methods and residue management alternatives that best provide these conditions. Cramer (1974) summarized environmental effects of forest residues management for major forest types in the Pacific Northwest, but types of treatment were not listed and only minor attention was given to hemlock-spruce forests. Residue management guidelines have been prepared for Oregon and Washington (Pierovich et al. 1975) but the hemlock-spruce type is not discussed as a separate entity. Alaska is not included in either report. This report provides a detailed look at residue management throughout the north Pacific coastal fog belt, including Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. The approach is a general look at forest residues as part of the ecosystem, then a closer look at dead and decaying material after logging, considering fire hazard and the silvicultural, physical, chemical, and esthetic effects of this material. Residue treatments are described, evaluated, and recommended. The report is intended to provide an improved scientific framework for management decisions. The coastal environment is more moist than other parts of the Pacific Northwest. Generally, fire danger is low and the need for residue treatment to reduce fire hazard is limited to special situations. Northward into Alaska, increasing summer precipitation relegates fire danger to a subordinate management problem. Hemlock-spruce residue volumes may range up to 250 tons per acre (560 metric tons per hectare) when an old-growth timber stand is defective and has a high proportion of western red cedar, but volumes may be less than 50 tons per acre (112 metric tons per ha) with more complete utilization of sound young timber. The trend is to less residue volume as defective timber is replaced by vigorous young stands and utilization improves. Residues often dominate the post-logging environment and are a major factor influencing forest regeneration. Fresh residue intercepts natural seed fall or aerially sown seed and prevents seedling establishment; but later, as it decays and with moisture present, it becomes a suitable seed bed for hemlock and spruce. Advance regeneration, usually hemlock, grows on decaying residue material and almost invariably is intermixed with fresh logging residue. Its fate is determined by residue treatment. When residue treatments expose mineral soil, they influence species composition favoring several species. These ecological relationships between forest residues and conifer seedlings can be used by forest managers to influence density and species composition of the new timber stand. A common problem in hemlock-spruce is too many seedlings. When advance regeneration is prolific, harvesting plans and residue treatments should be designed to destroy some of the seedlings. Overstocking with post-logging regeneration can be reduced if the logging operation is planned so that fresh slash covers an appropriate portion of suitable seed beds. In special situations, individual factors carry heavy weight in residue management decisions. For soils with high erosion potential, a protective mantle of organic material should be left. At least the small residue material should be left on nutrient-deficient soils to add to the nutrient capital. Residue should be kept out of stream channels. In Oregon and Washington, broadcast burning of residues in heavy brush areas helps to control the brush and open up the area for planting. Mistletoe-infested seedlings should be classed as residue and destroyed as part of disease control programs. Special attention should be given to residue management in recreation and scenic areas. Large, continuous areas of logging slash should be avoided because of fire hazard. Smoke management plans should be followed. Treatments are needed when residue volume is too great, because the residue will interfere with seedling establishment and intensive management of the new stand.

Book Natural Reforestation on a Mile square Clearcut in Southeast Alaska

Download or read book Natural Reforestation on a Mile square Clearcut in Southeast Alaska written by A. S. Harris and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of poems, each accompanied by a color photograph, divided into four categories: "Creatures Small," "Weathers and Seasons," "Colours," and "Sea and Shore."

Book Management of Western Hemlock Sitka Spruce Forests for Timber Production

Download or read book Management of Western Hemlock Sitka Spruce Forests for Timber Production written by Robert H. Ruth and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Western Hemlock in Southeast Alaska

Download or read book Western Hemlock in Southeast Alaska written by Richard O. Woodfin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Effects of Partial Cutting on Stand Structure and Growth and Forest Plant Communities of Western Hemlock Sitka Spruce Stands in Southeast Alaska

Download or read book The Effects of Partial Cutting on Stand Structure and Growth and Forest Plant Communities of Western Hemlock Sitka Spruce Stands in Southeast Alaska written by Robert L. Deal and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth, patterns of conifer regeneration, stand mortality and disease, and understory plant diversity and abundance. Seventy-three 1/5 ha plots were established in 18 partially cut stands throughout southeast Alaska. These stands were partially cut 12 to 96 years ago removing 16 to 96 percent of the original stand basal area. Partial cutting resulted in stands that had complex structures and these structures appear similar to uncut old-growth stands. Sitka spruce was maintained over a wide range of cutting intensities, and conversion to hemlock-dominated stands generally did not occur. New spruce regeneration was established in 23 of 55 partially cut plots compared with new spruce found in only 2 of the 18 uncut plots. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were strongly related to trees left after harvest. Trees that were 10 to 70 cm d.b.h. at time of cutting had the greatest tree diameter growth. Little of the stand growth since harvest came from new regeneration or trees greater than 70 cm d.b.h. The diameter growth of residual hemlock and spruce trees were similar The species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes was similar among uncut and partially cut plots and did not significantly change with different cutting intensities. Overall, plant community structures were similar between the uncut and partially cut plots. However, moderate and heavy cutting intensities resulted in stands that had significantly different plant community composition. The abundance of most deer forage plants did not significantly change after partial cutting. It appears that silvicultural systems that use single tree selection or small openings can be successful for timber management purposes in southeast Alaska. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, greatly reduced stand growth and vigor, increased dwarf mistletoe infection in hemlock trees, and higher incidence of tree wounding, decay, and mortality with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Stand structural diversity, species richness and understory plant abundance were all greater in partially cut stands than in young-growth stands developing after clearcutting.

Book Research Paper PNW

Download or read book Research Paper PNW written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Partial Cutting of Western Hemlock and Sitka Spruce in Southeast Alaska

Download or read book Partial Cutting of Western Hemlock and Sitka Spruce in Southeast Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Plant Succession Following Logging in the Sitka Spruce western Hemlock Forests of Southeast Alaska Implications for Management

Download or read book Plant Succession Following Logging in the Sitka Spruce western Hemlock Forests of Southeast Alaska Implications for Management written by Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Or.) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: