Download or read book Site Specific Surface Chemistry of Prototypical Amino Acid Peptide and DNA Base Groups on Si 111 7x7 written by Avisek Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface chemistry of glycine, glycylglycine, adenine and thymine on Si(111)7x7 are studied for the first time by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) experimental techniques. The results are supported with the density functional theory based computations by elucidating equilibrium geometries of the adsorbate-substrate structures. In contrast to common carboxylic acids, glycine is found to adsorb on Si(111)7x7 dissociatively through cleavage of a NH bond instead of O-H bond. Increasing the glycine film thickness reveals the existence of a transitional adlayer between the first adlayer and the zwitterionic multilayer. This transitional adlayer is estimated to be 1-2 adlayer thick and is characterized by the presence of intermolecular NxxxHO hydrogen bond. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of glycine adsorption on Si(111)7x7 and Si(100)2x1 model surfaces illustrates that the formation of different surface adducts involving the -NH2 and -COOH functional groups plays a vital role in determining the adsorbate structures on the 7x7 and 2x1 surfaces and therefore control the ultimate surface adproducts. The unique unidentate adsorption configuration of glycine on Si(111)7'7 through NH dissociation, with the unreacted carboxyl group remaining free, has shown to be an effective way to capture other biomolecules such as glycylglycine, alanine, adenine and thymine on a glycine-functionalized Si(111)7x7 surface and through [OHxxxN] hydrogen bonding. The captured molecules can be released simply by annealing. The glycine-functionalized Si(111) surface therefore provides a flexible platform for potential applications as selective molecular traps, chemical sensors, and biomolecular electronic components. The STM study of glycine adsorption on Si(111)7x7 provides strong evidence for dissociative adsorption of glycine through N-H bond cleavage (and N-Si bond formation) as reported in X-ray photoemission study. In addition, STM images with higher glycine exposures shows that the second adlayer is mediated by vertical hydrogen bonding and that the horizontal hydrogen bonding between two N-H dissociated glycine adsorbates at two neighbouring adatom sites can be possible. Similar to glycine adsorption on Si(111)7x7 surface, the XPS investigation of glycylglycine on the Si(111)7x7 also reveals three growth stages; dissociative adsorption of glycylglycine in the first adlayer, a hydrogen bonded transitional adlayer and a ultimately the zwitterionic multilayer. In contrast to glycine, glycylglycine adsorbs in a bidentate fashion with the dissociation of N-H and O-H bonds in the first adlayer. The STM investigations support the evidence of dissociative adsorption of glycylglycine in a bidentate fashion on two adjacent Si adatoms across a dimer wall or an adatom-restatom pair as observed from the filled state images. The strong bidentate interactions of glycylglycine with the Si atoms also inhibit surface diffusion of the adsorbed fragment, and the adsorption apparently follows random sequential adsorption statistics. The XPS and STM results of the glycylglycine adsorption on Si(111)7x7 can be corroborated with our DFT based computational study which suggests that the bidentate adproducts involving N-H and O-H dissociations are viable. In addition, the DFT results also predict that the free -CONH- and -COOH groups remaining on the respective bidentate adstructures could facilitate adsorption of the second adlayer through the formation of hydrogen bonding. In sharp contrast to glycine and glycylglycine, the STM studies of adenine on Si(111)7x7 shows the evidence of molecular adsorption of adenine through dative bonding to the surface silicon atoms. The majority of the adsorbed adenine molecules are found to appear as dimer pairs at the initial adsorption stage, which are formed by hydrogen bonds. The experimental evidence of the formation of dative bonds between the substrate and adenine and the feasibility of the H-bond mediated dimers can also be supported by ab-initio DFT/B3LYP/6-31Gxx(d, p) calculations and X-ray photoemission data. As the exposure of adenine increases, the numbers of dimers as well as the unique self-organized adenine structures also increase. These dimers and self-assembled structures are found to be most prominent in the growth of adenine nanowires, most notably aligned along the Si dimer-wall or [-110] direction of the 7x7 unit cell. The self-aligned adenine dimer nanowires offer a natural template for catch-and-release biosensing, lithography, and molecular electronic applications. On the other hand, the STM study of another nucleobase thymine on Si(111)7x7 surfaces reveal the existence of three different kinds of adsorption products. When compared with the XPS and DFT based computational methods, it can be suggested that the three different adsorption products could correspond to 1,4 and 3,6 cycloaddition products and hydrogen bonded adcomplex respectively. The statistical analysis for three different exposures of Thy on the 7x7 surface further helps to assign the three different features observed in STM images to the 1,4 and 3,6 cycloaddition products as well as to the hydrogen bonded adcomplexes. The present work therefore illustrates the importance of the unique site specific surface chemistry of these four prototypical biomolecules on Si(111)7x7 which could be harnessed and used in the future biodevices by functionalizing the Si(111)7x7 surface with appropriate molecules such as glycine, glycylglycine, adenine or thymine.

Download or read book Surface Interactions of Proteinogenic Biomolecules and Gold Nanostructures on Si 111 7 7 written by Seyedeh Fatemeh Rahnemaye Rahsepar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nanostructure Science and Technology written by Richard W. Siegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.

Download or read book Physical Interactions and Energy Exchange at the Gas solid Interface written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes written by Satoru Suzuki and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes are rolled up graphene sheets with a quasi-one-dimensional structure of nanometer-scale diameter. In these last twenty years, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention from physicists, chemists, material scientists, and electronic device engineers because of their excellent structural, electronic, optical, chemical and mechanical properties. Carbon nanotube research, especially that aiming at industrial applications, is becoming more important. This book covers recent research topics regarding the physical, structural, chemical and electric properties on carbon nanotubes. All chapters were written by researchers who are active on the front lines. The chapters in this book will be helpful to many students, engineers and researchers working in the field of carbon nanotubes.

Download or read book Ultimate Computing written by S.R. Hameroff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of direct interfacing between biological and technological information devices could result in a merger of mind and machine - Ultimate Computing. This book, a thorough consideration of this idea, involves a number of disciplines, including biochemistry, cognitive science, computer science, engineering, mathematics, microbiology, molecular biology, pharmacology, philosophy, physics, physiology, and psychology.

Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Manipulation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-13 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work with individual atoms and molecules aims to demonstrate that miniaturized electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical devices can operate ultimately even at the level of a single atom or molecule. As such, atomic and molecular manipulation has played an emblematic role in the development of the field of nanoscience. New methods based on the use of the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) have been developed to characterize and manipulate all the degrees of freedom of individual atoms and molecules with an unprecedented precision. In the meantime, new concepts have emerged to design molecules and substrates having specific optical, mechanical and electronic functions, thus opening the way to the fabrication of real nano-machines. Manipulation of individual atoms and molecules has also opened up completely new areas of research and knowledge, raising fundamental questions of "Optics at the atomic scale", "Mechanics at the atomic scale", Electronics at the atomic scale", "Quantum physics at the atomic scale", and "Chemistry at the atomic scale". This book aims to illustrate the main aspects of this ongoing scientific adventure and to anticipate the major challenges for the future in "Atomic and molecular manipulation" from fundamental knowledge to the fabrication of atomic-scale devices. Provides a broad overview of the field to aid those new and entering into this research area Presents a review of the historical development and evolution of the field Offers a clear personalized view of current scanning probe microscopy research from world experts

Download or read book Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes written by Riichiro Saito and published by . This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an introductory textbook for graduate students and researchers from various fields of science who wish to learn about carbon nanotubes. The field is still at an early stage, and progress continues at a rapid rate. This book focuses on the basic principles behind the physical properties and gives the background necessary to understand the recent developments. Some useful computational source codes which generate coordinates for carbon nanotubes are also included in the appendix.

Download or read book Nanotechnology Research Directions IWGN Workshop Report written by R.S. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: energy production, environmental management, transportation, communication, computation, and education. As the twenty-first century unfolds, nanotechnology's impact on the health, wealth, and security of the world's people is expected to be at least as significant as the combined influences in this century of antibiotics, the integrated circuit, and human-made polymers. Dr. Neal Lane, Advisor to the President for Science and Technology and former National Science Foundation (NSF) director, stated at a Congressional hearing in April 1998, "If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering. " Recognizing this potential, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have issued a joint memorandum to Federal agency heads that identifies nanotechnology as a research priority area for Federal investment in fiscal year 2001. This report charts "Nanotechnology Research Directions," as developed by the Interagency W orking Group on Nano Science, Engineering, and Technology (IWGN) of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). The report incorporates the views of leading experts from government, academia, and the private sector. It reflects the consensus reached at an IWGN-sponsored workshop held on January 27-29, 1999, and detailed in contributions submitted thereafter by members of the V. S. science and engineering community. (See Appendix A for a list of contributors.

Download or read book Mathematical Models for Biological Pattern Formation written by Philip K. Maini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 121st IMA volume, entitled MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BIOLOGICAL PATTERN FORMATION is the first of a new series called FRONTIERS IN APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS. The FRONTIERS volumes are motivated by IMA pro grams and workshops, but are specially planned and written to provide an entree to and assessment of exciting new areas for the application of mathematical tools and analysis. The emphasis in FRONTIERS volumes is on surveys, exposition and outlook, to attract more mathematicians and other scientists to the study of these areas and to focus efforts on the most important issues, rather than papers on the most recent research results aimed at an audience of specialists. The present volume of peer-reviewed papers grew out of the 1998-99 IMA program on "Mathematics in Biology," in particular the Fall 1998 em phasis on "Theoretical Problems in Developmental Biology and Immunol ogy." During that period there were two workshops on Pattern Formation and Morphogenesis, organized by Professors Murray, Maini and Othmer. James Murray was one of the principal organizers for the entire year pro gram. I am very grateful to James Murray for providing an introduction, and to Philip Maini and Hans Othmer for their excellent work in planning and preparing this first FRONTIERS volume. I also take this opportunity to thank the National Science Foundation, whose financial support of the IMA made the Mathematics in Biology pro gram possible.

Download or read book In Vitro Diagnostic Industry in China written by Haibo Song and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically describes the achievements and current situation of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) industry in China. It consists of eight parts, including the overview on the IVD industry in China in 2019, hot technologies and products of IVD industry, academic, technological and product development in the field of IVD, such as biochemical diagnosis, immune-diagnosis, molecular diagnosis, blood and body fluid diagnosis, microbial detection, point-of-care testing, laboratory assembly line, etc. This book is compiled by an editorial committee composed of well-known entrepreneurs, experts and professors in IVD industry in China. It is a reference book for practitioners of IVD industry, medical laboratory and medical staffs all over the world.

Download or read book Molecular Nanomagnets written by Dante Gatteschi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomagnetism is a rapidly expanding area of research which appears to be able to provide novel applications. Magnetic molecules are at the very bottom of the possible size of nanomagnets and they provide a unique opportunity to observe the coexistence of classical and quantum properties. The discovery in the early 90's that a cluster comprising twelve manganese ions shows hysteresis of molecular origin, and later proved evidence of quantum effects, opened a new research area which is still flourishing through the collaboration of chemists and physicists. This book is the first attempt to cover in detail the new area of molecular nanomagnetism, for which no other book is available. In fact research and review articles, and book chapters are the only tools available for newcomers and the experts in the field. It is written by the chemists originators and by a theorist who has been one of the protagonists of the development of the field, and is explicitly addressed to an audience of chemists and physicists, aiming to use a language suitable for the two communities.

Download or read book Nanotechnological Basis for Advanced Sensors written by Johann Peter Reithmaier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together experts from 15 countries, this book is based on the lectures and contributions of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Nanotechnological Basis for Advanced Sensors” held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, 30 May - 11 June, 2010. It gives a broad overview on this topic, and includes articles on: techniques for preparation and characterization of sensor materials; different types of nanoscaled materials for sensor applications, addressing both their structure (nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanostructured films, etc.) and chemical nature (carbon-based, oxides, glasses, etc.); and on advanced sensors that exploit nanoscience and nanotechnology. In addition, the volume represents an interdisciplinary approach with authors coming from diverse fields such as physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science and biology. A particular strength of the book is its combination of longer papers, introducing the basic knowledge on a certain topic, and brief contributions highlighting special types of sensors and sensor materials.

Download or read book The Insect Viruses written by Lois K. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are over a million different species of insects, and individually they 8 outnumber humans by more than 10 to 1. Moreover, some insects live in close association with both plants and higher animals and naturally exchange viruses with them. It has even been speculated that viruses in general may have radiated through the plant and animal kingdoms from common insect origins. Be that as it may, since insects play pivotal roles in the biosphere, both to the benefit and detriment of mankind, they and the viruses that infect them are important subjects for study. Insects are infected by a diverse medley of viruses, and this volume focuses on those insect virus families that are found primarily or exclusively in insects. All major families of insect-selective viruses are covered except for the baculo viruses, which were described in a separate volume of The Viruses series. Included in this volume are the established families of insect viruses, the newly recognized ascovirus family, and the nudiviruses, which probably represent a separate family but currently remain unclassified. The coverage of arboviruses is limited to a single chapter that focuses on their potential utility as vectors and in insect control. Omitted for practical reasons are several individual insect viruses that have been described sporadically in the literature and probably represent novel virus families.

Download or read book Innovating Science Teacher Education written by Mansoor Niaz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How teachers view the nature of scientific knowledge is crucial to their understanding of science content and how it can be taught. This book presents an overview of the dynamics of scientific progress and its relationship to the history and philosophy of science, and then explores their methodological and educational implications and develops innovative strategies based on actual classroom practice for teaching topics such the nature of science, conceptual change, constructivism, qualitative-quantitative research, and the role of controversies, presuppositions, speculations, hypotheses, and predictions. Field-tested in science education courses, this book is designed to involve readers in critically thinking about the history and philosophy of science and to engage science educators in learning how to progressively introduce various aspects of ‘science-in-the-making’ in their classrooms, to promote discussions highlighting controversial historical episodes included in the science curriculum, and to expose their students to the controversies and encourage them to support, defend or critique the different interpretations. Innovating Science Teacher Education offers guidelines to go beyond traditional textbooks, curricula, and teaching methods and innovate with respect to science teacher education and classroom teaching.

Download or read book Electron Spin Resonance ESR Based Quantum Computing written by Takeji Takui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses electron spin-qubit based quantum computing and quantum information processing with a strong focus on the background and applications to EPR/ESR technique and spectroscopy. It explores a broad spectrum of topics including quantum computing, information processing, quantum effects in electron-nuclear coupled molecular spin systems, adiabatic quantum computing, heat bath algorithmic cooling with spins, and gateway schemes of quantum control for spin networks to NMR quantum information. The organization of the book places emphasis on relevant molecular qubit spectroscopy. These revolutionary concepts have never before been included in a comprehensive volume that covers theory, physical basis, technological basis, applications, and new advances in this emerging field. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Based Quantum Computing, co-edited by leading and renowned researchers Takeji Takui, Graeme Hanson and Lawrence J Berliner, is an ideal resource for students and researchers in the fields of EPR/ESR, NMR and quantum computing. This book also • Explores methods of harnessing quantum effects in electron-nuclear coupled molecular spin systems • Expertly discusses applications of optimal control theory in quantum computing • Broadens the readers’ understanding of NMR quantum information processing

Download or read book Nanostructured Catalysts written by Susannah L. Scott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recent advent of nanotechnology, research and development in the area of nanostructured materials has gained unprecedented prominence. Novel materials with potentially exciting new applications are being discovered at a much higher rate than ever before. Innovative tools to fabricate, manipulate, characterize and evaluate such materials are being developed and expanded. To keep pace with this extremely rapid growth, it is necessary to take a breath from time to time, to critically assess the current knowledge and provide thoughts for future developments. This book represents one of these moments, as a number of prominent scientists in nanostructured materials join forces to provide insightful reviews of their areas of expertise, thus offering an overall picture of the state-- the art of the field. Nanostructured materials designate an increasing number of materials with designed shapes, surfaces, structures, pore systems, etc. Nanostructured materials with modified surfaces include those whose surfaces have been altered via such techniques as grafting and tethering of organic or organometallic species, or through various deposition procedures including electro, electroless and vapor deposition, or simple adsorption. These materials find important applications in catalysis, separation and environmental remediation. Materials with patterned surfaces, which are essential for the optoelectronics industry, constitute another important class of surface-modified nanostructured materials. Other materials are considered nanostructured because of their composition and internal organization.