Download or read book Geotechnical Hazards written by Z. Lisac and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions to this volume examine: geotechnical hazard acknowledging the deversity of local ground conditions and environmental factors which play a decisive role in designing engineering structures in Danubian countries.
Download or read book Site specific Seismic Hazard Analysis written by Gonzalo Andres Montalva and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis written by Jack Baker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic hazard and risk analyses underpin the loadings prescribed by engineering design codes, the decisions by asset owners to retrofit structures, the pricing of insurance policies, and many other activities. This is a comprehensive overview of the principles and procedures behind seismic hazard and risk analysis. It enables readers to understand best practises and future research directions. Early chapters cover the essential elements and concepts of seismic hazard and risk analysis, while later chapters shift focus to more advanced topics. Each chapter includes worked examples and problem sets for which full solutions are provided online. Appendices provide relevant background in probability and statistics. Computer codes are also available online to help replicate specific calculations and demonstrate the implementation of various methods. This is a valuable reference for upper level students and practitioners in civil engineering, and earth scientists interested in engineering seismology.
Download or read book Observation Informed Methodologies for Site Response Characterization in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by Kioumars Afshari and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, we study the effects of site response on earthquake ground motions, the uncertainty in site response, and incorporating site response in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. We introduced a guideline for evaluation of non-ergodic (site-specific) site response using (a) observations from available recorded data at the site, (b) simulations from one-dimensional ground response analysis, or (c) a combination of both. Using non-ergodic site response is expected to be an improvement in comparison to using an ergodic model which is based on the average of a global dataset conditional on site parameters used in ground motion models. The improvement in prediction when using non-ergodic analysis results in the removal of site-to-site variability which is a part of the uncertainty in ground motion prediction. The site-to-site variability is evaluated by partitioning the residuals to different sources of variability. We illustrate application of these procedures for evaluating non-ergodic site response, and use examples to show how the reduction in site response uncertainty results in less hazard for long return periods. We utilize a dataset of recordings from vertical array sites in California in order to study the effectiveness of one-dimensional ground response analysis in predicting site response. We use the California dataset for comparing the performance of linear ground response analysis to similar studies on a dataset from vertical arrays in Japan. We use surface/downhole transfer functions and amplification of pseudo-spectral acceleration to study the site response in vertical arrays. For performing linear site response analysis for the sites, we use three alternatives for small-strain soil damping namely (a) empirical models for laboratory-based soil damping; (b) an empirical model based on shear wave velocity for estimating rock quality factor; and (c) estimating damping using the difference between the spectral decay ( ) at the surface and downhole. The site response transfer functions show a better fit for California sites in comparison to the similar results on Japan. The better fit is due to different geological conditions at California and Japan vertical array sites, as well as the difference in the quality of data for the two regions. We use pseudo-spectral acceleration residuals to study the bias and dispersion of ground response analysis predictions. The results of our study shows geotechnical models for lab-based damping provide unbiased estimates of site response for most spectral periods. In addition, the between- and within-site variability of the residuals do not show a considerable regional between California and Japan vertical arrays. In another part of this dissertation, we develop ground motion models for median and standard deviation of the significant duration of earthquake ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. The model predicts significant durations for 5-75%, 5-95%, and 20-80% of the normalized Arias intensity, and is developed using NGA-West2 database with M3.0-7.9 events. We select recordings based on the criteria used for developing ground motion models for amplitude parameters as well as a new methodology for excluding recordings affected by noise. The model includes an M-dependent source duration term that also depends on focal mechanism. At small M, the data suggest approximately M-independent source durations that are close to 1 sec. The increase of source durations with M is slower over the range M5 to 7.2-7.4 than for larger magnitudes. We adopt an additive path term with breaks in distance scaling at 10 and 50 km. We include site terms that increase duration for decreasing VS30 and increasing basin depth. Our aleatory variability model captures decreasing between- and within-event standard deviation terms with increasing M. We use the model for validating the duration of ground motion time series produced by simulation routines implemented on the SCEC Broadband Platform. This validation is based on comparisons of median and standard deviation of simulated durations for five California events, and their trends with magnitude and distance, with our model for duration. Some misfits are observed in the median and dispersion of durations from simulated motions and their trend with magnitude and distance. Understanding the source of these misfits can help guide future improvements in the simulation routines.
Download or read book An Overview of the SIGMA Research Project written by Alain Pecker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a summary of the important outcomes of the SIGMA project related to all aspects of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment: source characterization, rock motion characterization, site response characterization, and hazard calculations, with for all of them emphasis on the treatment of uncertainties. In recent years, attempts have been made to identify and quantify uncertainties in seismic hazard estimations for regions with moderate seismicity. These uncertainties, for which no estimation standards exist, create major difficulties and can lead to different interpretations and divergent opinions among experts. To address this matter, an international research project was launched in January 2011, by an industrial consortium composed of French and Italian organizations. This program, named SIGMA (Seismic Ground Motion Assessment) lasted for five years and involved a large number of international institutions. This book is intended for instructors running courses on engineering seismology, graduate students in the same field and practicing engineers involved in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses.
Download or read book Site Specific Seismic Hazard Analyses written by Gonzalo A. Montalva and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic behavior of the built environment is uncertain for a number of reasons, one of the most important of them is that surface ground motions are inherently variable. The aim of this book is to shed light on some of the variables that control much of this uncertainty, show a lower bound to this uncertainty by computing the statistics for sites (stations) that have recorded multiple earthquakes, and present the effects of plausible uncertainty reductions on the results of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses (PSHA). This book shows that single-site uncertainty is considerably lower than ergodic type uncertainty, but it cannot be used in routine PSHA without some strong pre-conditions.
Download or read book Site specific Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Volume 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes and summarizes a probabilistic evaluation of ground motions for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The purpose of this evaluation is to provide a basis for updating the seismic design criteria for the INEL. In this study, site-specific seismic hazard curves were developed for seven facility sites as prescribed by DOE Standards 1022-93 and 1023-96. These sites include the: Advanced Test Reactor (ATR); Argonne National Laboratory West (ANL); Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP or CPP); Power Burst Facility (PBF); Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC); Naval Reactor Facility (NRF); and Test Area North (TAN). The results, probabilistic peak ground accelerations and uniform hazard spectra, contained in this report are not to be used for purposes of seismic design at INEL. A subsequent study will be performed to translate the results of this probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to site-specific seismic design values for the INEL as per the requirements of DOE Standard 1020-94. These site-specific seismic design values will be incorporated into the INEL Architectural and Engineering Standards.
Download or read book Seismological Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Site Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis at the DOE Kansas City Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A site specific seismic hazard analysis is being conducted for the Kansas City Plant to support an on-going structural evaluation of existing buildings. This project is part of the overall review of facilities being conducted by DOE. The seismic hazard was probabilistically defined at the theoretical rock outcrop by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The USArmy Engineer Waterways Experiment Station conducted a subsurface site investigation to characterize in situ S-wave velocities and other subsurface physical properties related to the geology in the vicinity of the Main Manufacturing Building (MMB) at the Bannister Federal Complex. The test program consisted of crosshole S-wave, seismic cone penetrometer testing, and laboratory soil analyses. The information acquired from this investigation was used in a site response analysis by City College of New York to determine the earthquake motion at grade. Ground response spectra appropriate for design and evaluation of Performance Category 1 and 2 structures, systems, and components were recommended. Effects of seismic loadings on the buildings will be used to aid in designing any structural modifications.
Download or read book A Comprehensive Site Specific Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for a Liquid Natural Gas Tank Located in the Gulf Coast Region written by Alireza Haji Soltani and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three major components. First, ratios between median values and the associated standard deviations for different definitions of the horizontal component of ground motions in Central and Eastern North America are developed using a subset of the NGA-East database. While the most recent studies produced similar results using different subsets of the NGA-West2 database, it is possible that such directionality results may differ for other earthquake datasets and be region specific. The computed median ratios are similar to the ratios provided in recent studies for other regions with a shift in some period ranges with noticeable differences between the standard deviations. Second, a comparison of a hybrid approach and a fully probabilistic approach for incorporating site effects into a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is presented. In the employed hybrid approach the amplification factors are computed by performing equivalent linear site response analysis. The considered fully probabilistic approach is characterized by higher levels of sophistication in which the rock hazard is convolved with the probability density function of the amplification functions to calculate the surface ground motions. The uncertainties associated with the site characterization is addressed via Monte Carlo randomizations. To fulfill the scope of this study, the employed approaches is highlighted focusing on performing a site-specific PSHA for a Liquid Natural Gas tank located in the Gulf Coast region. Finally, a new ground motion prediction model is developed for the response spectral ratio of vertical-to-horizontal (V/H) components of earthquakes for the Gulf Coast region. The proposed V/H ratio model has the advantage of considering the magnitude, source to site distance, and the shear-wave velocity of soil deposits in the upper 30 m of the site (Vs30) for the peak ground acceleration (PGA), and a wide range of spectral periods. The model is based on a comprehensive set of regression analyses of the newly compiled NGA-East database of available recordings with the moment magnitudes M ≥ 3.4 and the rupture distances RRup
Download or read book Advancement of Hazard consistent Ground Motion Selection Methodology written by Ting Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) quantifies the seismic hazard, predicts the structural response, and estimates the damage to building elements, in order to assess the resulting losses in terms of dollars, downtime, and deaths. This dissertation focuses on the ground motion selection that connects seismic hazard and structural response, the first two elements of PBEE, to ensure that the ground motion selection method to obtain structural response results is consistent with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Structure- and site-specific ground motion selection typically requires information regarding the system characteristics of the structure (often through a structural model) and the seismic hazard of the site (often through characterization of seismic sources, their occurrence frequencies, and their proximity to the site). As the ground motion intensity level changes, the target distribution of important ground motion parameters (e.g., magnitude and distance) also changes. With the quantification of contributing ground motion parameters at a specific spectral acceleration (Sa) level, a target response spectrum can be computed using a single or multiple ground motion prediction models (GMPMs, previously known as attenuation relations). Ground motions are selected from a ground motion database, and their response spectra are scaled to match the target response spectrum. These ground motions are then used as seismic inputs to structural models for nonlinear dynamic analysis, to obtain structural response under such seismic excitations. This procedure to estimate structural response results at a specific intensity level is termed an intensity-based assessment. When this procedure is repeated at different intensity levels to cover the frequent to rare levels of ground motion (expressed in terms of Sa), a risk-based assessment can be performed by integrating the structural response results at each intensity level with their corresponding seismic hazard occurrence (through the seismic hazard curve). This dissertation proposes a more rigorous ground motion selection methodology which will carefully examine the aleatory uncertainties from ground motion parameters, incorporate the epistemic uncertainties from multiple GMPMs, make adaptive changes to ground motions at various intensity levels, and use the Conditional Spectrum (CS) as the new target spectrum. The CS estimates the distribution (with mean and standard deviation) of the response spectrum, conditioned on the occurrence of a target Sa value at the period of interest. By utilizing the correlation of Sa values across periods, the CS removes the conservatism from the Uniform Hazard Spectrum (which assumes equal probabilities of exceedance of Sa at all periods) when used as a target for ground motion selection, and more realistically captures the Sa distributions away from the conditioning period. The variability of the CS can be important in structural response estimation and collapse prediction. To account for the spectral variability, aleatory and epistemic uncertainties can be incorporated to compute a CS that is fully consistent with the PSHA calculations upon which it is based. Furthermore, the CS is computed based on a specified conditioning period, whereas structures under consideration may be sensitive to multiple periods of excitation. Questions remain regarding the appropriate choice of conditioning period when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum. To advance the computation and the use of the CS in ground motion selection, contributions have been made in the following areas: The computation of the CS has been refined by incorporating multiple causal earthquakes and GMPMs. Probabilistic seismic hazard deaggregation of GMPMs provides the essential input for such refined CS computation that maintains the rigor of PSHA. It is shown that when utilizing the CS as the target spectrum, risk-based assessments are relatively insensitive to the choice of conditioning period when ground motions are carefully selected to ensure hazard consistency. Depending on the conditioning period, the structural analysis objective, and the target response spectrum, conclusions regarding appropriate procedures for selecting ground motions may differ.
Download or read book Earthquake Prediction written by David W. Simpson and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1981 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Maurice Ewing Series, Volume 4. From May 12 to May 16, 1980, eighty-eight scientists from eleven countries attended a Symposium on Earthquake Prediction at Mohonk Mountain House, Mohonk, New York. This was the third in a biennial series honoring Maurice Ewing, first director of Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. The Symposium was one of several events that were held in 1980 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Columbia University. The two earlier Ewing Symposia, on island arcs and deep sea drilling, reflected Ewing's lifelong interest in the structure and evolution of the ocean floor. In the Third Ewing Symposium we touch another area—earthquake seismology—that played an important part in Ewing's career. Work on surface waves and long-period seismology under Ewing's direction during the 1950's and 1960's, along with his exploration of the earth beneath the oceans, provided much of the framework on which current ideas on earthquake generation and plate tectonics are based.
Download or read book An Introduction to Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil, geotechnical and structural engineers interested in earthquake hazard analysis. Here is what is discussed: 1. OVERVIEW OF PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS (PSHA) METHODOLOGY 2. CHARACTERIZING SEISMIC SOURCES FOR PSHA 3. GROUND MOTION ATTENUATION CHARACTERIZATION FOR PSHA 4. TREATMENT OF SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY IN PSHA 5. DEVELOPMENT OF SITE-SPECIFIC RESPONSE SPECTRA FROM PSHA 6. DEVELOPMENT OF ACCELEROGRAMS 7. SUMMARY OF STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF DSHA AND PSHA.
Download or read book An Introduction to Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis written by J Paul Guyer and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil, geotechnical and structural engineers interested in earthquake hazard analysis. Here is what is discussed:1. OVERVIEW OF PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS (PSHA) METHODOLOGY2. CHARACTERIZING SEISMIC SOURCES FOR PSHA3. GROUND MOTION ATTENUATION CHARACTERIZATION FOR PSHA4. TREATMENT OF SCIENTIFIC UNCERTAINTY IN PSHA5. DEVELOPMENT OF SITE-SPECIFIC RESPONSE SPECTRA FROM PSHA6. DEVELOPMENT OF ACCELEROGRAMS7. SUMMARY OF STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF DSHA AND PSHA.
Download or read book Living on an Active Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.
Download or read book NEHRP Recommended Provisions National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures Commentary written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics Environmental and groundwater written by Stanley H. Ward and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
