Download or read book Simulation of Cross median Crashes written by Paul H. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cross Median Crashes written by Gary A. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this project were to first review the state-of-art with regard to identifying highway sections where median barriers would be most effective in preventing median-crossing crashes (MCC), and if necessary, develop remedies for any identified deficiencies. A statistical technique was developed for estimating the frequency and rate of MCCs on each of a set of highway sections, which required the analyst to review only a subset of hard-copy accident reports. This technique was applied to Minnesota's freeways and rural expressways, and highway sections were ranked with respect to estimated frequency of MCCs. A first version of a simulation model was developed for comparing the cost-effectiveness of barrier projects on different highway sections. The model uses Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability that an encroaching vehicle crosses a median with a specific cross-section, and collides with another vehicle traveling in the opposite direction. The model is implemented as a pair of linked Excel spreadsheets, with a companion macro written in Visual Basic for Applications.
Download or read book Evaluation of Cross Median Crashes written by Hampton Clay Gabler and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Predictive Median Barrier Warrant to Reduce Cross median Crashes written by Andrew W. Ooms and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Contributing to Median Encroachments and Cross median Crashes written by Douglas W. Harwood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 790: Factors Contributing to Median Encroachments and Cross-Median Crashes investigates the factors that contribute to median-related crashes and identifies design treatments and countermeasures that can be applied to improve median safety on divided highways."--Publisher description.
Download or read book The Interactive Effect of Median Width and Cross Slope in Cross median and Single vehicle Accidents written by Márcia Helena Macêdo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Five year Analysis of the Safety Impacts of Crossover Median Crashes in Wisconsin written by Adrian Witte and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Access Point Density and Raised Medians written by William E. Frawley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Subject Bibliography from Highway Safety Literature written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Announcement of Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risk Analysis VI written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a series of important topics which are of current research interest and have practical applications, this book examines all aspects of risk analysis and hazard mitigation, ranging from specific assessment of risk to mitigation associated with both natural and anthropogenic hazards.
Download or read book Highway Research Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SYSTEM SIMULATION MODEL BASED ROAD ACCIDENTS AND ITS COST PREDICTION written by Dr. K. NACHIMUTHU and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In India, the primary mode of transport is road transport which plays an important role in the conveyance of goods and passengers and linking the centers of production, consumption and distribution. It is also a key factor for promoting socio-economic development in terms of social, regional and national integration. The motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and population growth.
Download or read book Simulation of Traffic Crashes Using Cell Based Micro simulation written by Victor Muchuruza and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The deterioration of the safety of operation, coupled with the persistent increase in rearend crashes, is of great concern in finding accurate and realistic methods of modeling traffic flow and preventing traffic crashes. For some decades safety evaluation methods have relied on analysis of historical crash data. Since crashes are random and rare events and, in most cases, are independent events, it is difficult to find a sufficient number of crashes on a road section in a relatively short time period (e.g., a month or even a year). Thus, multi-year collection of crash data is used in safety analysis. Another safety evaluation method that has been practiced though in small scale is traffic conflict techniques (TCT). The advantage of using TCT in safety evaluations is the ability to test or study a safety strategy or improvement applied on the roadway facility in a relatively short period of time compared with traditional methods, which are dependent on crash data. However, use of TCT is not popular; perhaps because it needs extensive resources to collect, extract, and analyze conflict information. Moreover, like crash data analysis, use of TCT also makes concerned authorities reactive to the problem by responding to the crashes that have already occurred. Therefore, alternative proactive safety evaluation techniques that can improve the quality of traffic safety evaluation are needed at this time. One way of using proactive safety evaluation techniques and thus become more preventive than reactive towards dealing with the overall safety problem is to utilize the capability of traffic micro-simulation to assess safety on highways through examination of hazardous vehicle movements in the traffic stream. Using micro-simulation predictive methods, it may be possible to diagnose safety problems and apply appropriate remedial measures, rather than waiting until a crash occurs to remedy the problem. This means, a hazard can be early identified and possibly corrected before implementation of highway projects. In addition, the use of simulation tools to evaluate the safety of a traffic system can be advantageous because such tools provide extensive results for any study area within a relatively short time along with other traffic operational measures like level of service, delays, travel times, and capacities. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze numerically the likelihood of the traffic crashes that might occur on the highway using cellular based micro-simulations. The modeling considered occurrence of rear-end crashes on high-speed highways with two lanes of traffic in each direction. Narrowing the safety evaluation to rear-end crashes, this study sought to analyze these crashes by providing simulation evidence of association between time-based traffic safety indicators and driver attributes with the likelihood of conflict or collision. To meet the study objectives, a stochastic cellular automata traffic model have been extended to use field-derived vehicle and driver characteristics. The vehicles' acceleration submodel in the simulation is categorized into different regimes depending on the prevailing traffic conditions. The vehicles' evolutions in the proposed micro-simulation model are based on kinematic equations to enhance the realism of their advancements. Behavioral variance in the model is introduced by taking in consideration both driver aggression and responsiveness to the traffic conditions. The model is calibrated using field data. Comparison of simulated spacings and speeds obtained from the simulation output with vehicle trajectories data obtained from the field return a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of less than 10% and a Theil's coefficient of inequality (U) of about 0.002. These statistics inferred that the proposed model worked well in replicating traffic on the field. In addition, correlation results showed that simulation results not only agree to the theoretical results but also to the detector data collected from the field. The driver behavior was found to contribute more in the likelihood of crashes which was determined by amount of great deceleration that driver apply to maintain safety during movement. The likelihood of vehicles to crash in the model was formulated from the Gamma distribution functions. Closer examination of the probability of a vehicle to crash in the model indicated that the likelihood of crashing is high when the traffic is flowing close to the maximum flow.
Download or read book Accident Risk Forecasting a Bibliography written by Lois Flynn and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HRIS Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Placement of Traffic Barriers on Roadside and Median Slopes written by Md Rubiat Ferdous and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross median crashes have become a serious problem in recent years. Most of the median cross sections used for divided highways have terrains with steep slopes. Traffic barriers, frequently used on slopes, are generally designed based on the findings obtained from crash tests performed on flat terrain. For barriers placed on roadside and median slopes, vehicle impact height varies depending on the trajectory of the vehicle along the ditch section and lateral offset of the barrier. Thus depending on the placement location on a relatively steep slope, a barrier can be impacted by an errant vehicle at height and orientation more critical compared to those considered during its design. Hence, detailed study of performance of barriers on roadside and median slopes is needed to achieve acceptable safety performance. In this study, performances of modified G4(1S) W-beam, Midwest Guardrail System (MGS), modified Thrie-beam, modified weak post W-beam, and box-beam guardrail systems on sloped terrains are investigated using numerical simulations. A procedure is developed that provide guidance for their placement on roadside and median slopes. The research approach consists of nonlinear finite element analyses and multi-rigid-body dynamic analyses approach. Detailed finite element representation for each of the barriers is developed using LS-DYNA. Model fidelity is assessed through comparison of simulated and measured responses reported in full scale crash test studies conducted on flat terrain. LS-DYNA simulations of vehicle impacts on barriers placed on flat terrain at different impact heights are performed to identify performance limits of the barriers in terms of acceptable vehicle impact heights. The performances of the barriers are evaluated following the guidelines provided in NCHRP Report 350. Multi-rigid-body dynamic analysis code, CARSIM, is used to identify trajectories of the vehicles traversing various roadside and median cross-slopes. After analyzing vehicle trajectories and barrier performance limits, a guideline has been prepared with recommendations for the placement of barriers along roadside and median slopes. This guideline is then verified and refined using the responses obtained from full-scale LS-DYNA simulations. These simulations capture the full encroachment event from departure of the vehicle off the traveled way through impact with the barrier.
