Download or read book Signal Transduction in the Blood brain Barrier written by Ingolf E Blasig and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Signal and Response Signal Transduction written by Amrit Rattan K. Baidwan-macfarland and published by Authorhouse UK. This book was released on 2019-03-30 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ground-breaking scientific study of Amrit Rattan K Baidwan Macfarland (Amrit K Macfarland) asks why and how malignant cancers can be cured. This scientific status is visualised through novel ALL cells lines in vitro, in vivo, and in developing natural human foetal tissues. The resistance status of malignancy to treatment is determined by an inextricable connection between P-gp expression in malignant cell membranes exposed to drugs, blood-brain barrier developmental cells in human foetal cells, and ALL blood cells undergoing chemotherapy. A new type of concept is introduced here as a human P-gp resistance amalgamation (P-gp-MDR) is conceived. Multidrug resistance is created due to cellular and barrier programs through the expression of a membrane drug efflux pump with an ability to create downstream signal transduction systems and which regulates its function and activity. This includes cellular and barrier capacities to generate unforeseen, innovative signalling pathways on multiple levels that can jeopardise treatment pathways at key stages in a fatal way. At present, these systems were unrecognised as potential elements for targeting the killing of deadly malignancies, both in primary and secondary forms. The fact that the blood-brain barrier is such a robust, intelligent entity, interfaced between blood and brain, indicates that it is the essential guardian for the survival of the brain, and thus all human biological systems depend on it. Its expression is seen in developing foetal brain tissues. However, it is also a stumbling block to the eradication of malignant cells. These findings of inducible P-gp expression in cancer cells and those that will constitute the blood-brain barrier creates intense tension both in the malignant systems as well as in the natural systems surrounding them, raising questions as to how to intervene to preserve the normal and retain its autonomy whilst destroying destructive actions, like hijackings by the malignant cells; the source of these abnormal responses remains to be answered. This book dynamically argues that P-gp MDR 1 and MDR 3 and the expressive Pg-p brain-blood functions are necessary to address for new chemotherapeutic challenges. It is important to study in general and specific, intelligent malignant, and natural systems that create multidrug resistance to treatment. The creativity and actions of P-gp and its polymorphisms are distinct in natural cells and malignant cells, and P-gp and its polymorphisms are involved in the creation of acute multidrug resistance, and they act as deadly programmed protectors of the biological environments of malignant cells and the cells exposed to drug treatments. As such the structure and function of P-gp together constitutes fatal ends for the host and its systems - based on studies of human cell lines, in vitro systems, in vivo foetal systems, in vivo blood cell systems - and exhibits non-cooperation of cells to multidrug treatments. In short, ALL is a multifaceted disease and displays abnormal activation of signalling pathways, which in turn activate drug-resistance pumps. The ability to target elements that activate the drug transporter P-gp will then be key to success to overcome cancers in this cutting edge field of nano-micro-molecular genetics. AUTHORHOUSE - ACADEMIC PRESS
Download or read book Biology and Physiology of the Blood Brain Barrier written by Pierre-Olivier Couraud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelial cells of the cerebral vasculature constitute, together with perivascular elements (astrocytes, pcricytes, basement membrane), the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which strictly limits and specifically controls the exchanges between the blood and the cerebral extracellular spacc.The existence of such a physical, enzymatic, and active barrier isolating the central nervous system has broad physiological, biological, pharmacological, and patho logical consequences, most of which are not yet fully elucidated. The Cerebral Vascular Biology conference (CVB '95) was organized and held at the "Carre des Sciences" in Paris on July I 0-12, 1995. Like the CVB '92 conference held in Duluth, Minnesota, three years ago, the objectives were to provide a forum for presentation of the most recent progresses and to stimulate discussions in the ticld of the biology, physiology. and pathology of the blood-brain barrier. The Paris conference gathered more than !50 participants. including investigators in basic neuroscience, physicians. and stu dents, who actively contributed to the scientific program by their oral or poster presentations. This volume contains a collection of short articles that summarize most of the new data that were presented at the conference. Six thematic parts focus on physiological transports. drug delivery, multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein, signal transduction at the BBB. interactions between the immune system and the cerebral endothelial cells, and the blood-brain barrier-related pathologies in the central nervous system. In addition, two introductory articles present new insights in the rapidly evolving topics of cerebral angiogenesis and gene transfer to the brain.
Download or read book The Blood brain Barrier written by William M. Pardridge and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1993 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is undergoing a paradigm shift as the century-old concept of a passive, impermeable barrier that segregates blood and brain interstitial fluid is giving way to the idea that the BBB is a dynamic conduit for the transport between blood and brain of those nutrients, peptides, proteins, or immune cells that have access to certain transport systems localized within the BBB membranes. This volume contains 20 contributed chapters organized in four parts: cell-cell interactions, subcellular organelle function, signal transduction mechanisms, and gene expression. There is also a foreword by the late W.H. Oldendorf (1925-1992) on the teleology of the blood-brain barrier and the survival advantage conferred upon the organism by its presence in the vertebrate brain. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators written by Oliver von Bohlen und Halbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete update of the highly acclaimed handbook with data on all neurotransmitters and the majority of neuromodulators. The coverage is now even more comprehensive, with 15% more entries on neuropeptides, "classic" neurotransmitters and related substances in a clear, alphabetical format. The methodological section has been expanded by 50% and now includes color figures, plus new chapters on genomics, proteomics, databases, microarrays, MALDI-TOF, neutrophins, FGF, endocannabinoids and neuroimaging. The text provides clearly structured information on the biosynthesis and degradation, localization, receptors, signal transduction pathways, and biological effects in the central nervous system, with all substances uniformly treated for an easy comparison of data. Furthermore, introductory chapters on receptors, transporters, and the blood-brain barrier make this an indispensable tool for researchers, teachers, and advanced students, as well as a must-have for every neuroscientist.
Download or read book Brain Signal Transduction and Memory written by Masao Itō and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Mechanism of the Blood brain Barrier Lipid Transporter MFSD2A written by Chase Wood and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion channels and transporters carry out a variety of critical physiological processes, being pivotal in signal transduction, metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) represents the largest group of secondary active transporters identified to date, responsible for translocating numerous diverse substrates. Due to their diverse array of substrates, the MFS proteins represent attractive targets for drug discovery and mechanistic studies. Major facilitator superfamily containing domain 2a (Mfsd2a) is a novel lysolipid transporter within MFS, transporting docosahexanoic acid (DHA) conjugated to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which is crucial for proper brain development. Mfsd2a's lipid transport function has also been found to be key for inhibiting transcytosis at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), ultimately regulating BBB permeability. An exciting possibility raised by this physiological function is modulating Mfsd2a to manipulate BBB permeability for therapeutic treatments. However, a lack of structural information impedes a mechanistic understanding of this key transporter. Herein, I detail the work to determine the cryo-EM structure of Mfsd2a. Based on the Mfsd2a structure, key residues important for activity have also been mapped out in order to improve our understanding of Mfsd2a transport mechanism. The insights into Mfsd2a lipid transport can be leveraged as a foundation to guide future therapeutic development.
Download or read book Examining the Role of Wnt beta catenin Signaling During Blood brain Barrier Formation written by Annette Nicole Dean and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The blood-brain barrier has been studied for 135 years. Over this time, we have learned more about its unique properties and how it forms. While we now know things about properties of the blood-brain barrier its development and role in diseases remains to be elucidated. The most fundamental component of the blood-brain barrier is differentiated brain endothelial cells. These endothelial cells are distinct from peripheral blood vessels in their expression of "barrier properties" such as GLUT1. Differentiated brain endothelial cells serve as a protective layer for the brain against harmful substances in systemic circulation. A signaling pathway known to be involved in blood-brain barrier formation is Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling; this pathway is well characterized in brain endothelial cells. However, much remains to be explored in other CNS cell types during blood-brain barrier development. Here, I provide evidence that increasing Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling in radial glial cells disrupts blood-brain barrier development. Additionally, I provide evidence that increasing Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling in radial glia, but not neurons, causes an inflammatory response within the CNS. Taken together, my results indicate that perturbing Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling in radial glial cells has profound effects on blood brain barrier development and CNS development. Future studies will determine mechanistically why we observe these phenotypes when we increase Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling in radial glial cells. This foundational understanding will allow us to further interrogate this pathway in a cell-type specific manner, ultimately allowing us to understand the developmental signals involved in the formation of the blood-brain barrier.
Download or read book The Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier written by Wei Zheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-30 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the existence of two barrier systems in the brain, research over the last century has mostly focused on the blood-brain barrier rather than on the blood-CSF barrier. Today, there is a greater understanding of the function of the blood-CSF barrier and of the choroid plexus, a tissue that is the primary site of this barrier. With the growing number of studies that focus on the role of the blood-CSF barrier in CNS homeostasis and neurological disorders, a modern overview of the blood-CSF barrier is long overdue. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier is exclusively devoted to the blood-CSF barrier. Internationally renowned experts discuss the most recent progress in the field of choroid plexus physiology and update our knowledge of the function of the blood-CSF barrier. The book begins with an overview of the development and morphology of the choroid plexus, and then covers various aspects of its function, such as the regulation of choroidal blood flow, ion transport, and the production and transport of polypeptides. Following an extensive section on the role of the choroid plexus in CNS disorders, the final section discusses in vitro, in vivo, and in situ models of the blood-CSF barrier. This unique book analyzes a wealth of new research on the proven and potential roles of the choroid plexus/blood-CSF barrier in the brain. It is a valuable resource that will foster future studies in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology.
Download or read book Mechanotransduction Chondroyctye written by DR AMRIT RATTAN K. BAIDWAN - MACFARLAND and published by Authorhouse UK. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A seminal and novel finding in a scientific study of Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan MacFarland (Amrit K Macfarland), as Senior Scientist/ Molecular Geneticist, resulted in the discovery of key signalling pathways in chondrocytes (cartilage explants) in response to cyclic and static loading of connective tissues. The work was presented as a first proof in multiple peer reviewed international conferences, in the United Kingdom, United States, most of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The pre-requisite for planning new and novel research experiments and coping with future trends in science is a thorough analysis of the present state of knowledge and in finding new ways of thinking and planning. On this basis, new research hypotheses and strategies will have to be built. This book aims to present a short review of key concepts around Dr MacFarland's research experiments on signal transduction in diverse systems, such as cancer blood brain barrier studies, coronary heart disease, mechanotranduction mechanisms in connective tissues mainly articular cartilage and meniscus with special attention paid to the reactions of these two tissues, as responses in vitro loading model regimens. The current interest in loading stems from how little we know of the aetiology of osteoarthritis a degenerative joint disease, the most crippling of musculoskeletal disorder and diseases. Signal transduction mechanisms are also examined in endothelial and smooth muscle and the role of cholesterol ester transfer protein in coronary heart disease. The object of Dr MacFarland's scientific and medical research in signal transduction is ambitious, as both scientific research leading to therapeutic remedies needed high ideals setting goals; to give novel relevant results as was the case of the discovery of the first signalling molecule in her research in a unique biological system, as well as the response of connective tissue cells to mechanical stimulus. Therefore, far off as it may be, the prevention of diseases must be the ultimate objective and the overwhelming character of the problems, compels scientists in specific in the age of nano technology to seek cures and create the means of prevention of the disease. Aspects of her studies show the relevance in high impact sports injuries and daily working conditions, whether they degrade or maintain the health of joints in general, and benefit or harm joints and health. AUTHORHOUSE - ACADEMIC PRESS
Download or read book Vascular Development written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of blood vessels is an essential aspect of embryogenesis in vertebrates. It is a central feature of numerous post-embryonic processes, including tissue and organ growth and regeneration. It is also part of the pathology of tumour formation and certain inflammatory conditions. In recent years, comprehension of the molecular genetics of blood vessel formation has progressed enormously and studies in vertebrate model systems, especially the mouse and the zebrafish, have identified a common set of molecules and processes that are conserved throughout vertebrate embryogenesis while, in addition, highlighting aspects that may differ between different animal groups. The discovery in the past decade of the crucial role of new blood vessel formation for the development of cancers has generated great interest in angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones), with its major implications for potential cancer-control strategies. In addition, there are numerous situations where therapeutic treatments either require or would be assisted by vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of blood vessels). In particular, post-stroke therapies could include treatments that stimulate neovascularization of the affected tissues. The development of such treatments, however, requires thoroughly understanding the developmental properties of endothelial cells and the basic biology of blood vessel formation. While there are many books on angiogenesis, this unique book focuses on exactly this basic biology and explores blood vessel formation in connection with tissue development in a range of animal models. It includes detailed discussions of relevant cell biology, genetics and embryogenesis of blood vessel formation and presents insights into the cross-talk between developing blood vessels and other tissues. With contributions from vascular biologists, cell biologists and developmental biologists, a comprehensive and highly interdisciplinary volume is the outcome.
Download or read book The Blood Brain Barrier BBB written by Gert Fricker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-24 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medicinal chemistry is both science and art. The science of medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug research is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. Drug research requires interdisciplinary team-work at the interface between chemistry, biology and medicine. Therefore, the topic-related series Topics in Medicinal Chemistry covers all relevant aspects of drug research, e.g. pathobiochemistry of diseases, identification and validation of (emerging) drug targets, structural biology, drugability of targets, drug design approaches, chemogenomics, synthetic chemistry including combinatorial methods, bioorganic chemistry, natural compounds, high-throughput screening, pharmacological in vitro and in vivo investigations, drug-receptor interactions on the molecular level, structure-activity relationships, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicology and pharmacogenomics. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors.
Download or read book Introduction to the Blood Brain Barrier written by William M. Pardridge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-08-28 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The blood-brain barrier serves to protect the brain from toxic substances whilst simultaneously allowing access to essential nutrients and chemical signals. At the interface between brain and body, knowledge of the blood-brain barrier forms an essential component in the complete understanding of a large proportion of medical disciplines. Nevertheless, it seems that ignorance of both the biology of this important membrane and the methodology suitable for its investigation still remains an impediment to progress in many fields, including, for example, the development of new and efficacious neuropharmaceuticals, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral AIDS and brain tumours. This introduction for both researchers and clinicians across the medical sciences is intended to aid both those beginning work directly in this area and those wishing simply to be better informed when interpreting information where the blood-brain barrier may be involved. Advances in both methodology and biology are detailed in 50 chapters from international authorities.
Download or read book New Concepts of a Blood Brain Barrier written by D.J. Begley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific contribution of Mike Bradbury to the study of the blood-brain barrier is considerable and wide-ranging, starting with his M.D. thesis in 1962 and still continuing today. The varied spectrum of topics relating to the blood-brain barrier presented in this volume and the many geographical locations from which both speakers and participants gathered to attend the symposium are a fitting testament both to Mike's wide-spread influence in the field and to the esteem in which he is held. When we first had the idea of afestschrift to mark Mike's retirement as Professor of Physiology at King's College London and the beginning of a new vie libre as scientist and yachtsman the plan was initially for a gathering of all of the many colleagues, collaborators and students who had worked with him over the years. However what we had not taken into account was the closeness of the international community of workers in the field, the widespread influence that Mike had wielded and the speed with which word would spread. We should have anticipated all three. The final outcome was an excellent symposium with the majority of the world's key workers either contributing or attending. We hope that this volume presents an adequate record of the meeting.
Download or read book The Blood Brain Barrier in Health and Disease Volume Two written by Katerina Dorovini-Zis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Located at the interface between blood and the brain, the blood-brain barrier is a dynamic permeability barrier formed by a continuous layer of specialized endothelial cells endowed with important permeability, transport, and regulatory functions that both protect the internal milieu of the brain and allow essential nutrients to be transported into
Download or read book Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function written by Sarah Y. Yuan and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care.
Download or read book The Blood brain Barrier in Health and Disease written by Anthony J. Suckling and published by Ellis Horwood. This book was released on 1986 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
