Download or read book Shape Control of Highly Crystallized Titania Nanorods for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Formation Mechanism written by Motonari Adachi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shape Control of Highly Crystallized Titania Nanorods for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Formation Mechanism.
Download or read book Shape Control of Highly Crystallized Titania Nanorods for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Formation Mechanism written by Motonari Adachi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Cells written by Leonid A. Kosyachenko and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second book of the four-volume edition of "Solar cells" is devoted to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are considered to be extremely promising because they are made of low-cost materials with simple inexpensive manufacturing procedures and can be engineered into flexible sheets. DSSCs are emerged as a truly new class of energy conversion devices, which are representatives of the third generation solar technology. Mechanism of conversion of solar energy into electricity in these devices is quite peculiar. The achieved energy conversion efficiency in DSSCs is low, however, it has improved quickly in the last years. It is believed that DSSCs are still at the start of their development stage and will take a worthy place in the large-scale production for the future.
Download or read book Nanotechnology Cookbook written by Andrew Collins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook containing more than 100 of the most common experimental procedures in nanoscience.
Download or read book Thin Film Structures in Energy Applications written by Suresh Babu Krishna Moorthy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of thin film structures in energy applications. Each chapter contains both fundamentals principles for each thin film structure as well as the relevant energy application technologies. The authors cover thin films for a variety of energy sectors including inorganic and organic solar cells, DSSCs, solid oxide fuel cells, thermoelectrics, phosphors and cutting tools.
Download or read book Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology written by Ling Zang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the rapid growth of nanotechnology research and the potential impact of the growing energy crisis, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology provides comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research in the energy-related fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology, which aim to improve energy efficiency and the generation of renewable energy. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology tightly correlates nanotechnology with energy issues in a general, comprehensive way that makes it not only suitable as a desk reference for research, but also as a knowledge resource for the non-expert general public. Readers will find Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Through Nanotechnology useful in a variety of ways, ranging from the creation of energy policy, to energy research development, and to education in nanotechnology and its application to energy-related problems. It can also be used as a primary or supplementary textbook for energy-related courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
Download or read book Optical Properties of Metal Oxide Nanostructures written by Vijay Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the optical properties of metal oxides at both the fundamental and applied level and their use in various applications. The book offers a basic understanding of the optical properties and related spectroscopic techniques essential for anyone interested in learning about metal oxide nanostructures. This is partly due to the fact that optical properties are closely associated with other properties and functionalities (e.g., electronic, magnetic, and thermal), which are of essential significance to many technological applications, such as optical data communications, imaging, lighting, and displays, life sciences, health care, security, and safety. The book also highlights the fundamentals and systematic developments in various optical techniques to achieve better characterization, cost-effective, user-friendly approaches, and most importantly, state-of-the-art developing methodologies for various scientific and technological applications. It provides an adequate understanding of the imposed limitations and highlights the prospects and challenges associated with optical analytical methods to achieve the desired performance in targeted applications.
Download or read book Structuring and filling of titania films for applications in photovoltaics written by Monika Rawolle and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2013-04-02 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurzbeschreibung Die Möglichkeiten, Titandioxid Nanostrukturen zu synthetisieren, sowie die erhaltenen Strukturen rückzubefüllen, werden mit Hinblick auf Anwendungen in der Photovoltaik in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht. Auf Titandioxid basierende Solarzellen werden in Hybridsolarzellen und in Farbstoffsolarzellen unterteilt. Das Hauptaugenmerk der Untersuchungen liegt auf der Korrelation zwischen Morphologie und Funktion der resultierenden Strukturen. Die verschiedenen untersuchten Systeme und die damit verbundenen Fragestellungen umfassen zum einen die Strukturierung von Titandioxid und zum anderen das Rückbefüllen dieser Strukturen. Die Synthese von Titandioxid wird mittels Sol-Gel Chemie vorgenommen. Die Strukturen werden in der Synthese durch Blockcopolymertemplate vorgegeben. Die damit hergestellten dünnen Filme von Titandioxid zeigen eine hohe Porosität, mit einer Schwammartigen Morphologie die sowohl Mesoporen als auch Makroporen aufweist. Die Strukturen werden in dünnen Filmen und in einem nanostrukturierten Tropfen untersucht. Eine Verbesserung der Strukturen durch die Kombination der Sol-Gel Synthese mit Mikrofluidik wird ebenfalls diskutiert. Zudem wird eine mögliche Syntheseroute bei niedrigen Temperaturen vorgestellt, die es erlaubt kristallines Titandioxid zu erhalten. Die Stabilität der Strukturen gegen die Kapillarkräfte bei der Infiltrierung von Wasserdampf wird getestet. Um funktionierende Solarzellen zu erhalten, müssen die Titandioxidnanostrukturen mit einem lochleitenden Material gefüllt werden. Der Grad der Rückbefüllung mit lochleitenden Materialien korreliert mit der Funktion in Solarzellen. Description In the presented thesis, the possibilities to synthesize titania nanostructures and the possibilities to fill the resulting nanostructures by other materials are investigated for photovoltaic applications. The solar cells based on titania are distinguished either as hybrid or as dye-sensitized solar cells. The main focus of the investigations lies on the correlation of the morphology and the functionality of the obtained thin films. The different investigated systems and related questions comprise the structuring of titania on the one hand, and the filling of the structures on the other hand. Sol-gel chemistry in combination with block copolymers as structure templates is applied to obtain titania thin films with a sponge-like morphology, which shows a high porosity and both mesopores and macropores. The structures are investigated in thin films, but also in a nanostructured drop of titania. Improvement of the structures by the combination of micro-fluidics with the templated sol-gel is also discussed. Furthermore, a low temperature synthesis route is examined to obtain crystalline titania. The stability of the resulting titania films is checked for water vapor infiltration with the resulting capillary forces. In order to obtain working solar cells, the titania nanostructures need to be filled by hole-conducting materials. The degree of filling of the structures with hole-conducting organic materials is related to the functionality of the solar cells.
Download or read book Self Organized Nanoscale Materials written by Motonari Adachi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First to review nanoscale self-assembly employing such a wide variety of methods Covers a wide variety physical, chemical and biological systems, phenomena, and applications First overviews of nanotube biotechnology and bimetallic nanoparticles
Download or read book Surfactant assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Titania Nanorod Thin Films written by Benjamin Milo Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titania (TiO2) nanorods have shown promise for applicability in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and may present a cost-effective solution for the fabrication of efficient and affordable solar power generation. In contrast to traditional silicon solar cell fabrication, the fabrication of DSSCs does not require expensive high energy, vacuum, and temperature processes. Titania nanorods have the potential to increase the electron transport rate in DSSCs by forming a direct electrical pathway, thus improving the performance. This study set out to investigate ways in which titania nanorod hydrothermal growth could be enhanced and made more reliable through (1) experimentation with procedures to control temperature and pressure to hydrothermally grow titania nanotubes in a more reproducible way, and (2) experimentation with different additives to study their effect on nanorod growth. Optimum nanorod growth occurred when the temperature and pressure were kept constant. Use of multiple molecular weights of polyethylene gyclol (PEG) as an additive was shown to significantly enhance nanorod growth.
Download or read book Titanium Dioxide written by Dongfang Yang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and organics degradation. It has also been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implants, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition, as well as its key applications in environmental and energy sectors. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the international scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials.
Download or read book Hydrothermal Growth and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures for Use in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells written by Judith D. Sorge and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world's energy needs continue to grow, next generation photovoltaic cells are in high demand because they offer the possibility of an inexpensive alternative to current energy production techniques. Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC's), utilize common materials and low cost commercialization techniques, which make them a compelling choice for research in this area. This research focuses on the titanium dioxide coating, which transfers electrons from the photoactive dye to the electrode. 3-4% efficient DSSC's using doctor bladed titanium dioxide coatings with a specific surface area of 55-60m2/g have been demonstrated in our laboratory. To enhance the efficiency of these cells, both the surface area and the electron conduction of the titania layer must be optimized. This has been done by utilizing high aspect ratio nanoparticles of titania instead of mesoporous layers formed with spherical particles. Anodization of titanium metal or anodic alumina membrane templating are common ways to produce nanorods, but involve complex processes leading toward expensive commercialization. This research instead focuses on the hydrothermal growth of nanofibrous titania on a titanium metal substrate, removing the need for dispersion and deposition procedures as well as using a low temperature processing method. Depending upon the formulation utilized, a variety of structures can be produced, from thick carpets of nanofiber strands to large platelets. The composition and morphology of the products have been characterized with respect to the growth conditions using electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The compositional analysis is used to investigate the complicated reaction mechanisms in the system. Coatings of titania nanotubes were then tested in the DSSC's, as were those with the titanium metal substrate acting as the photo anode. Modeling the geometric parameters of the different pore structures of the coatings helps us to understand the advantages afforded by these new cells.
Download or read book Mesoporous Titania vertical Nanorod Films with Interfacial Engineering for High Performance Dye sensitized Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Towards Low Temperature Sintering Methods for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells written by Sukanya Murali and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to economically viable renewable energy sources is essential for the development of a globally sustainable society. Solar energy has a large potential to satisfy the future need for renewable energy sources. Dye sensitized solar cells are a third generation of photovoltaic technologies with the potential for low cost environmentally safe energy production. Commercialization of this technology requires that dye sensitized solar cells with higher efficiencies can be fabricated on flexible substrates. The commonly used material for the anode in a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell consists of titanium dioxide nanoparticles covered with a layer of light sensitizing dye. For efficient electron transport throughout the nanoparticle network, good particle interconnections are necessary. For low temperature processing these interconnections can be achieved through a hydrothermal process. The focus of this research is to understand at a fundamental level this reaction-based sintering process. A titanium alkoxide precursor was mixed with commercial titania nanoparticles and coated on a transparent conductive oxide substrate. The product of the hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxide served to connect the nanoparticles thus improving the electrical conduction of the titania electrode; this was confirmed by solar cell testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To further understand the formation of interconnections during reactive sintering, a model system based on inert silica particles was investigated. Titanium alkoxide precursor was mixed with commercial silica particles and reacted. Three different types of silica particles were used: each with a different morphology. The silica-titania multilayers/powders were characterized using SEM, XRD and BET. The efficiency of DSSCs is higher when larger non-porous silica particles are used and thin nanocrystalline titania is coated on this superstructure. This gave insight into the locations where the reactive liquid finally goes as these reactions are carried out. As a further extension of this study, thin layers of this same kind of silica-titania composite were obtained by spin coating a titanium alkoxide sol mixed with monosized 500nm silica particles. SEM was used to examine the morphology of the contact/neck formation. Image analysis was done to quantify the effect of key process parameters on the average neck width at 2-particle contact points. The use of image analysis to study mixed oxide sub-monolayers in this way is the first of its kind. These observational tools and the model system approach developed in this research could be applied to many systems that are of interest for optical and mechanical applications.
Download or read book TiO2 Crystal Nanorods and Their Application in Dye sensitized Solar Cells written by Xueyang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are potential, next-generation solar cells having advantages in simple, cost-effective production from abundant, environmentally-sustainable resource materials, ability to work at various light and relatively-low internal temperature conditions, mechanical robustness, and feasibility to form flexible devices. -- from the Abstract.
Download or read book TiO2 Nanotube Arrays written by Craig A. Grimes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is the first book to provide an overview of this rapidly growing field. Vertically oriented, highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays are unique and easily fabricated materials with an architecture that demonstrates remarkable charge transfer as well as photocatalytic properties. This volume includes an introduction to TiO2 nanotube arrays, as well as a description of the material properties and distillation of the current research. Applications considered include gas sensing, heterojunction solar cells, water photoelectrolysis, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, as well as several biomedical applications. Written by leading researchers in the field, TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is a valuable reference for chemists, materials scientists and engineers involved with renewable energy sources, biomedical engineering, and catalysis, to cite but a few examples.
Download or read book Development of Highly Porous Crystalline Titania Photocatalysts written by Michał Marszewski and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this dissertation are the design, synthesis, and characterization of titania materials with surface area, porosity, crystallinity and doping tailored toward photocatalytic applications. Ultimately, the research should result in a strategy allowing the synthesis of titania with all these important features. The synthetic methods investigated in this research will include: i) soft-templating, ii) hard-templating, and iii) modified precursor strategy. Soft-templating strategy uses organic templates--either block copolymers or surfactants--that under specific conditions assemble into micelles, and later, these micelles are used to template the desired material around them. The resulting organic-inorganic composite is then calcined in air to remove the organic template and recover the final material with high surface area and large pore volume. This work explores 1) synthesis of titania materials in the presence of polymer templates, and the effects of different synthetic conditions on the structure of the resulting materials. Hard-templating, in contrast to soft-templating, uses inorganic templates. The hard template is introduced during the synthesis to cast its shape onto the fabricated material and removed afterwards, when the material has formed. The final material is an inverse replica of the hard template used, typically with a well-developed mesostructure. This work explores 1) hard templating synthesis of titania materials using silica and alumina, and 2) the effects of the template amount and type. The modified precursor strategy is a novel synthetic method, developed in this research, and designed specifically to achieve titania material with high surface area, large pore volume, high crystallinity, and possibly doping. The modified precursors are prepared by reacting generic titania precursors, such as titanium isopropoxide (TIPO), with organic acids, which results in substitution of some or all alkoxide groups in TIPO structure. The goal is to introduce new, easily carbonizable groups in TIPO structure so that the modified precursor can serve as titania and carbon precursor simultaneously. Subsequently, during carbonization in inert atmosphere, a carbon framework is formed that works as a scaffold, protecting titania during its crystallization. Afterwards, the carbon scaffold is removed by calcination in air. This work explores the modified precursor strategy by 1) preparing titania materials from TIPO modified with different carboxylic acids and 2) investigating the effect of the modifying acid on the properties of the carbon-titania composites and the final titania materials.
