Download or read book Sequestration of Arsenic by Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron nZVI Surface Reactions Characterized by High Resolution X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy HR XPS written by Mauricio A. Valencia Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have shown that nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is very effective in the removal of highly toxic arsenic species such as As(III) and As(V) from both ground and surface water. Nonetheless, little is known about the sorption reaction mechanism of the As-treated nZVI particles. The present study carries out a more detailed analysis of these particular As sorption surface reactions. In our investigation we have used nZVI with a mean diameter of 60 nm, an average shell thickness in the range of 2.3--2.8 nm, and a surface area of 30 m2/g. High Resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HR-XPS) using primarily As3d spectra has provided evidence of the presence of all major As species on nZVI: As(0), As(III), and As(V). HR-XPS Fe2p and O1s spectra also confirmed the presence of an oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) layer on freshly synthesized nZVI, which forms an intrinsic shell around the reactive metallic iron nanoparticle core. We also analyzed the reactions between nZVI and As(III) demonstrating for the first time depth-dependent distributions of multiple arsenic valence states within the iron nanoparticles. The stratified concentration profiles of arsenic species in nZVI showed novel aspects of the reactions between As(III) and nZVI. The results offered clear evidence of As(III) redox reactions within the nanoparticles. The distinct layers where As(V) and As(0) reside implied that As(III) oxidation and reduction can occur at different physical fronts. We also concluded that the ability to infuse arsenic into the solid phase of the iron nanoparticles renders nZVI a more voluminous sink for arsenic compared to the commonly used iron oxides nanoparticles. Infiltration of arsenic induced by reactions with nZVI may offer an engineering methodology to encapsulate arsenic for remediation and waste disposal applications.
Download or read book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration written by Tanapon Phenrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.
Download or read book CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology written by Boris Ildusovich Kharisov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 1203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology sets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it is a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to nanotechnology.The book examines the design, application, and utilization of devices, techniques, and technologies critical to research at the
Download or read book Iron based Nanoparticles Investigating the Nanostructure Surface Chemistry and Reactions with Environmental Contaminants written by Weile Yan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is one of the most extensively applied nanomaterials for groundwater and hazardous waste treatment. Despite its high potential for environmental applications, there is limited knowledge about the fundamental properties of nZVI, particularly, its structure, surface composition, and changes in these characteristics in the aqueous media as the nanoparticles interact with aqueous contaminants. This research aims to investigate the structure and surface chemistry of nZVI and to understand how these attributes influence the material's reactivity towards various water contaminants. This work first involved a detailed examination of the metallic-core-oxide-shell structure using a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic tools. It was found that the polycrystalline metallic iron nuclei are spontaneously enclosed by a disordered layer of iron oxide that is 2--3 nm thick. Using a group of water contaminants (Hg(II), Zn(II) and hydrogen sulfide) as molecular probes, it was shown that the nanoparticles were able to utilize multiple pathways including adsorption, precipitation, reduction and surface mineralization to effectively immobilize these contaminants. The observed multiplexed reactivity is imparted by the particular core-shell configuration allowing both the oxide and metal components to exert their reactive tendency without undue kinetic hindrance. The second theme of this research was to examine the structural changes experienced by Pd-doped nZVI during exposure to aqueous media. With scanning-TEM X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-XEDS), the translocation of Pd from the surface to regions underneath the oxide layer and the rapid loss of the Fe(0) core due to accelerated aqueous corrosion were observed. The morphological changes resulted in a severe reduction in the reductive dechlorination rate of trichloroethylene (TCE), suggesting that the activity of Pd-doped nZVI is a dynamic function of time and particle structure. The close relationship between the structure and reactivity of nZVI is further illustrated by reactions with aqueous arsenite (As(III)). Notably, nZVI caused simultaneous oxidation and reduction of arsenite in the solid phase. Using depth-resolved high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS), multi-layered distributions of different arsenic valence states in the nanoparticles were observed, where the oxidized arsenic (As(V)) was predominantly present at the surface and the reduced form (As(0)) was located at the oxide/metal interface. The observed dual redox capability is therefore enabled by the metal core and oxide layer independently. The findings presented in this work establish that nZVI possesses more complex functionality than bulk-scale ZVI or iron oxides. The improved understanding of sequestration mechanisms studied here may inform optimal design of nZVI treatment systems and aid development of materials and new applications.
Download or read book Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment written by Marta I. Litter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has a great potential for providing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable solutions to face the increasing requirements on quality and quantity of fresh water for industrial, agricultural, or human use. Iron nanomaterials, either zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron oxides (nFeOx), present key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as contaminant removal agents for water and soil cleaning. The large surface area of these nanoparticles imparts high sorption capacity to them, along with the ability to be functionalized for the enhancement of their affinity and selectivity. However, one of the most important properties is the outstanding capacity to act as redox-active materials, transforming the pollutants to less noxious chemical species by either oxidation or reduction, such as reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenation of hydrocarbons. This book focuses on the methods of preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out contaminant removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology. While this is an easy-to-understand book for beginners, it provides the latest updates to experts of this field. It also opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers, scientists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Although there are a number of books published on the subject of nanomaterials, not too many of them are especially devoted to iron materials, which are rather of low cost, are nontoxic, and can be prepared easily and envisaged to be used in a large variety of applications. The literature has scarce reviews on preparation of iron nanoparticles from natural sources and lacks emphasis on the different processes, such as adsorption, redox pathways, and ionic exchange, taking place in the removal of different pollutants. Reports and mechanisms on soil treatment are not commonly found in the literature. This book opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers and scientists and also for undergraduate or postgraduate students.
Download or read book Removal of Arsenic from Contaminated Water by Granular Activated Carbon Embedded with Nano Scale Zero valent Iron written by Md. Rashadul Islam Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the removal of arsenic from groundwater by granular activated carbon (GAC) supported nano scale zero-valent iron (nZVI). GAC supported nZVI (nZVI/GAC) composite was synthesized by hydrolyzing a Fe(III) salt on GAC, reduced by NaBH4 and dried under vacuum. Synthesized nZVI/GAC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with EDS, BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental results were produced through the batch and Rapid Small Scale Column Test (RSSCT). The adsorption depends on pH, initial concentration, and reaction time. Arsenite adsorption capacity varies from 800 to 1400 ?g/g over the pH 2-11. Arsenate adsorption was higher (3000-3700 ?g/g) over the acidic pH range 2-6.5. Among competitive ions, phosphate and silicate affected the most while sulfate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, manganese, magnesium and calcium had insignificant impact. The experimental data were evaluated with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacity for arsenate, calculated from Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were 5000 and 6000 æg/g, respectively at pH 4.5. The reaction kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. The initial sorption rate (h), determined from pseudo-second order kinetic model, was 666 æg/g.min. The dynamic behaviour of the RSSCT was predicted by the HSDM model using the software FAST 2.0. From the RSSCT results, it was found that the number of bed volumes treated depends on the empty bed contact time (EBCT) as well as the initial arsenate concentration. The regeneration of spent nZVI/GAC using 0.1M NaOH was effective as it desorbed 87% of adsorbed arsenic. The solid waste can be safely disposed of in a sanitary landfill without any treatment as the concentration of leached arsenate determined by TCLP was much lower than the regulatory limit. The arsenic removal mechanism was due to the combination of electrostatic and the complex formation, either monodentate or bidentate, between As(V) and nZVI corrosion products. The results indicated that nZVI/GAC is a promising adsorbent for arsenic removal.
Download or read book Improvement of Metal Oxide Carbon Materials Via Inkjet Printing Chemical Vapor Infiltration and Advanced Surface Characterization Using X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by Peter Kerns and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coatings are applicable in many industries as transparent conductive thin films, thin film solar cells and batteries, nano-laminates, environmental barriers, biocompatible thin films, molecular electronics, and solid-state lubricants. 56 These various coatings exhibit customizable microstructure, surface morphology, tribological, and electronic properties based on specific deposition parameters.57 Deposition technology can also have a significant role in the resulting coating.56 For example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at high temperatures involves the decomposition or reduction of precursors on the surface of the substrate at thermodynamic equilibrium. CVD coatings need to be extensively optimized in order to reduce interfacial reactions between the coating and the substrate as well as the coating and the gaseous byproducts.58 In comparison, sputtered coatings are formed by the quenching of high energy sputtered species on the surface of the substrate, so after the nucleation and growth stages there is little effect from the deposition process on the already established coating.59 Surface oxides formed on powder feedstocks used for cold spray deposition can play an important role in the bonding of the particles and in the development of defects in the deposit. A combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) was used to investigate the oxides formed on gas-atomized Al 6061 alloy feedstock powders. The powders were studied in the as-atomized condition and after two different thermal exposures that correspond to typical feedstock pre-treatment conditions. The surface features and internal microstructures are consistent with those reported previously for these powders. The as-atomized powders have 5.2 nm thick amorphous oxide layers, with an outer Mg-rich sublayer and an inner Mg-lean sub-layer. Powders heat-treated at 230 ̊C in air exhibit slightly thicker oxide layers with a crystalline MgAl2O4 spinel outer sub-layer and an amorphous aluminum oxide inner sub-layer. Powders homogenized under Ar at 400 and 530 ̊C have significantly thicker (8.9 nm) oxide layers with evidence for a defect inverse spinel Al (Mg, Al)2O4 inner sub-layer between the MgAl2O4 spinel outer sub-layer and the alloy. Differences between these observations and those reported previously for oxidation of bulk alloys are explained on the basis of Mg surface segregation during the gas atomization process. In depth XPS analysis was necessary to distinguish between the different chemical states on the surface of these powder feedstocks. The high-resolution spectra for five different standards were used to compare the novel surface oxide formation to known XPS spectra. Confident conclusions were reached on the formation process occurring during the heat treatment of these surface oxides and the different deconvoluted chemical states observed in the high-resolution O 1s and Al 2p regions. Inkjet printing is a one-step patterning material deposition technique. Unlike other thin film deposition techniques such as chemical vapor deposition or lithography, patterning is necessary to fabricate complex shapes or circuitry60. In this work, a suspension system is formulated and optimized for the inkjet printing of sodium tungsten bronze (STB). This is a highly conductive material with excellent chemical and heat resistance. A solid-state synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze powder was accomplished using a 3:2:2 ration of Na2WO4 (s), WO3 (s) and W (s), respectively in a high temperature furnace. The powder was purified using deionized water and centrifugation. For ink jet printing, the rheology of the fluid needs to be quite specific for high resolution printing. A solvent exchange was performed to remove the water from the STB without drying the powder out and contaminating the material. Using a rotational evaporator, the water in the system (which promoted aggregation) was exchanged with ethylene glycol. A variety of different solvents and surfactants were utilized to increase the suspension time and optimize the rheology of the ink. The final printed product was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to ensure an unchanging chemical composition after thin film deposition. Carbon-carbon composites are critical in many high temperature aerospace applications. These composites offer low density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and high thermal resistance among other advantageous properties. These properties as well as other physical properties are retained at temperatures exceeding 2000°C.61 The primary drawback of these composites is the inefficiency of their fabrication process. It can take upward of 600 hours with machining steps to fully densify these composites. This research is focused around using vacuum physics and incorporating gas recirculation into the isobaric isothermal reactor design to improve the efficiency of this chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. A design of experiments was formulated and test to investigate how gas recirculation will affect the carbon infiltration process. Once the pressure, temperature and precursor gas flow rates were optimized the incorporation of gas recirculation improved the efficiency by over 10%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectrometry were utilized to study the carbon microstructure and ensure rough laminar carbon was the deposited product.
Download or read book Global Groundwater written by Abhijit Mukherjee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions presents a compilation of compelling insights into groundwater scenarios within all groundwater-stressed regions across the world. Thematic sub-sections include groundwater studies on sources, scarcity, sustainability, security, and solutions. The chapters in these sub-sections provide unique knowledge on groundwater for scientists, planners, and policymakers, and are written by leading global experts and researchers. Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions provides a unique, unparalleled opportunity to integrate the knowledge on groundwater, ranging from availability to pollution, nation-level groundwater management to transboundary aquifer governance, and global-scale review to local-scale case-studies. Provides interdisciplinary content that bridges the knowledge from groundwater sources to solutions and sustainability, from science to policy, from technology to clean water and food Includes global and regional reviews and case studies, building a bridge between broad reviews of groundwater-related issues by domain experts as well as detailed case studies by researchers Identifies pathways for transforming knowledge to policy and governance of groundwater security and sustainability
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation s Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation written by Srabanti Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive view of water-treatment technologies, Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation explores recent developments in the use of advanced nanomaterials (ANMs) for water treatment and remediation. In-depth reaction mechanisms in water-treatment technologies, including adsorption, catalysis, and membrane filtration for water purification using ANMs, are discussed in detail. The book includes an investigation of the fabrication processes of nanostructured materials and the fundamental aspects of surfaces at the nanoscale. The book also covers the removal of water-borne pathogens and microbes through a photochemical approach. FEATURES Explains various chemical treatments for the removal and separation of hazardous dyes, organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals from aqueous solutions, including adsorption, advanced oxidation process, and photocatalysis Discusses the rational design of nanoporous materials with a tunable pore structure and fabrication of nanomaterials by surface chemistry engineering Covers the role of nanomaterials-assisted oxidation and reduction processes, design of nano-assisted membrane-based separation, and multifunctional nanomaterials and nanodevices for water treatment Provides an understanding of the structure–activity relationship and stability of ANMs under critical experimental conditions Identifies potential challenges in the application of multifunctional ANMs for future research Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Remediation is aimed at researchers and industry professionals in chemical, materials, and environmental engineering as well as related fields interested in the application of advanced materials to water treatment and remediation.
Download or read book Calcium based Coating on the Surface of Nanoscale Zero valent Iron nZVI for Improvement of Its Stability and Transport in Environmental Remediation written by 魏才倢 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry written by Kenneth J. Klabunde and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference on nanoscale materials chemistry—now revised and updated. This extensive text provides twenty-two revised chapters on the preparations, applications, and characterization as well as the environmental and toxicological aspects of nanoscale materials, with an emphasis on the chemistry component. This Second Edition contains core topics including: New synthetic methods for nanomaterials Nanostructured solids Organized two- and three-dimensional nanocrystals Nanotubes, ribbons, and sheets Nanocatalysts, sorbents, and energy applications Unique physical properties of nanomaterials Photochemistry of nanomaterials Biological and environmental aspects of nanomaterials With input from top experts in the field, such as Bruce Dunn, Vicki Grassian, Warren Ford, and Chris Sorensen, among others, Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry presents a balanced survey of different topics in basic nanoparticle science, and includes helpful end-of-chapter questions and answers. Significantly expanded, the Second Edition remains a key text for understanding the fundamentals of nanoscale materials chemistry and a reliable resource for scientists and researchers.
Download or read book Inorganic Species in Water written by Thomas B. Hoover and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials written by Glen E. Fryxell and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with functional nanomaterials, materials containing specific, predictable nanostructures whose chemical composition, or interfacial structure enables them to perform a specific job: to destroy, sequester, or detect some material that constitutes an environmental threat. Nanomaterials have a number of features that make them ideally suited for this job: they have a high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability, and rapid diffusion,to name a few. The purpose of this book is to showcase how these features can be tailored to address some of the environmental remediation and sensing/detection problems faced by mankind today. A number of leading researchers have contributed to this volume, painting a picture of diverse synthetic strategies, structures, materials, and methods. The intent of this book is to showcase the current state of environmental nanomaterials in such a way as to be useful either as a research resource, or as a graduate level textbook. We have organized this book into sections on nanoparticle-based remediation strategies, nanostructured inorganic materials (e.g. layered materials like the apatites), nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of sensors.
Download or read book Nano and Bio Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by Elvis Fosso-Kankeu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents recent challenges related to new forms of pollution from industries and discusses adequate state-of-the-art technologies capable to remediate such forms of pollution. Over the past few decades the boom in the industrial sector has contributed to the release in the environment of pollutants that have no regulatory status and which may have significant impact on the health of humans and animals. These pollutants also referred to as "emerging pollutants", are mostly aromatic compounds which derive from excretion of pharmaceutical, industrial effluents and municipal discharge. It is recurrent these days to find water treatment plants which no longer produce water that fits the purpose of domestic consumption based on newly established guidelines. This situation has prompted water authorities and researchers to develop tools for proper prediction and control of the dispersion of pollutants in the environment to ensure that appropriate measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks due to sudden load of these pollutants in the water system. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of nano and bio-based techniques that have been designed for the real time detection of emerging contaminants in environmental water sources, geochemical models that are continuously improved for the prediction of inorganic contaminants migration from the mine solid wastes into ground and surface waters. Remediation strategies are also discussed and include effective techniques based on nanotechnology, advanced membrane filtration, oxidative and bio-degradation processes using various types of nanocatalysts, biocatalysts or supporting polymer matrices which are under advanced investigations for their implementation at large scale for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants from polluted water. Nano and Bio-Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Prediction and Control Tools for the Dispersion of Pollutants in the Environment is divided is two sections. The first section covers the occurrence of emerging pollutants in environmental water while the second section covers state-of-the-art research on the removal of emerging pollutants from water using sustainable technologies. A total of 13 chapters addressing various topics related to the two sections are essentially based on recent developments in the respective field which could have a significant impact on the enhancement of the performance of wastewater treatment plants around the world, and especially in developing countries where access to clean and safe water remains a daily challenge.
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-07-14 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid development of nanoscience enables a technology revolution that will soon impact virtually every facet of the water sector. Yet, there is still too little understanding of what nanoscience and nanotechnology is, what can it do and whether to fear it or not, even among the educated public as well as scientists and engineers from other disciplines. Despite the numerous books and textbooks available on the subject, there is a gap in the literature that bridges the space between the synthesis (conventional and more greener methods) and use (applications in the drinking water production, wastewater treatment and environmental remediation fields) of nanotechnology on the one hand and its potential environmental implications (fate and transport of nanomaterials, toxicity, Life Cycle Assessments) on the other. Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment explores these topics with a broad-based multidisciplinary scope and can be used by engineers and scientists outside the field and by students at both undergraduate and post graduate level.
Download or read book Chemical Properties of Material Surfaces written by Marek Kosmulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-07-18 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of the adsorption of inorganics from aqueous solution on inorganic adsorbents. It emphasizes the relationship between adsorption and surface charging, highlighting simple and complex adsorption systems sorted by the adsorbent as well as the adsorbate. The author includes a comprehensive collection of pristine PZC of different materials - covering crystallographic structure, methods of preparation, impurities in the solid, temperature and ionic composition of the solution, experimental methods to determine PZC, and the correlation between zero points and other physical quantities.
