Download or read book Sensitivity of Global Sea Air CO2 Flux to Gas Transfer Algorithms Climatological Wind Speeds and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sensitivity of Global Sea Air Co2 Flux to Gas Transfer Algorithms Climatological Wind Speeds and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-16 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensitivity analyses of sea-air CO2 flux to gas transfer algorithms, climatological wind speeds, sea surface temperatures (SST) and salinity (SSS) were conducted for the global oceans and selected regional domains. Large uncertainties in the global sea-air flux estimates are identified due to different gas transfer algorithms, global climatological wind speeds, and seasonal SST and SSS data. The global sea-air flux ranges from -0.57 to -2.27 Gt/yr, depending on the combination of gas transfer algorithms and global climatological wind speeds used. Different combinations of SST and SSS global fields resulted in changes as large as 35% on the oceans global sea-air flux. An error as small as plus or minus 0.2 in SSS translates into a plus or minus 43% deviation on the mean global CO2 flux. This result emphasizes the need for highly accurate satellite SSS observations for the development of remote sensing sea-air flux algorithms.McClain, Charles R. and Signorini, SergioGoddard Space Flight CenterALGORITHMS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATOLOGY; SALINITY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WIND VELOCITY; OCEANOGRAPHY; GASES; FLUX QUANTIZATION; ERRORS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; AIR WATER INTERACTIONS
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Download or read book Chemical Oceanography and the Marine Carbon Cycle written by Steven Emerson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-24 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principles of chemical oceanography provide insight into the processes regulating the marine carbon cycle. The text offers a background in chemical oceanography and a description of how chemical elements in seawater and ocean sediments are used as tracers of physical, biological, chemical and geological processes in the ocean. The first seven chapters present basic topics of thermodynamics, isotope systematics and carbonate chemistry, and explain the influence of life on ocean chemistry and how it has evolved in the recent (glacial-interglacial) past. This is followed by topics essential to understanding the carbon cycle, including organic geochemistry, air-sea gas exchange, diffusion and reaction kinetics, the marine and atmosphere carbon cycle and diagenesis in marine sediments. Figures are available to download from www.cambridge.org/9780521833134. Ideal as a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduates in oceanography, environmental chemistry, geochemistry and earth science and a valuable reference for researchers in oceanography.
Download or read book Procedures to Create Near Real time Seasonal Air sea CO2 Flux Maps written by Geun-Ha Park and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux maps were calculated from wind speed data and the difference in CO2 partial pressure between surface seawater (pCO2SW) and the overlying atmosphere. To infer the seasonal variability of global net air-sea CO2 fluxes over the last three decades, we derived the optimum subannual relationships between pCO2SW and the sea surface temperature (SST). These optimum subannual relationships accounted for the variations between pCO2SW and SST and showed significantly better correlations than previous relationships with fixed monthly boundaries. The derived algorithms were then applied to high-resolution SST data to yield changes in pCO2SW on a monthly basis. The pCO2SW values were also combined with a gas transfer velocity estimate derived from high resolution wind products to estimate seasonal fluxes. The seasonal fluxes that are calculated with a three- to six-month lag from real-time can be obtained at http://cwcgom.aoml.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/aomlcarbonfluxes.graph. Here, we describe in detail the procedures and uncertainties of this product.
Download or read book Patterns and Drivers of Nearshore Coastal Air sea CO2 Exchange written by Kirstin Lee Skadberg and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 uptake in a nearshore coastal ocean was directly measured using eddy covariance over 27 months in the mid-latitude eastern Pacific. The average annual CO2 uptake during the study was 11.8 mol C m−2yr−1 roughly 25 times greater than the global ocean average. Distinct temporal patterns of CO2 uptake were resolved at diurnal, and seasonal scales. Regression analysis of variance indicates that the major drivers of the observed patterns of uptake are related to photosynthesis, with both photosynthetically active radiation and sea surface temperature explaining more of the variability than wind. Warmer sea surface temperatures were correlated with stronger CO2 uptake, the opposite of what would be expected if the "solubility pump" were in action. Air-sea CO2 flux values calculated using the pCO2 data and a constant k value of 10 cm hr−1 were only 25% of the magnitude of direct eddy covariance measurements. The average k value calculated using eddy covariance CO2 flux and delta pCO2 values was 48.8 cm hr−1. Use of the eddy covariance method to directly measure CO2 exchange at the air-sea interface in coastal waters avoids key uncertainties encountered when exchange is calculated using pCO2 differences and k-wind speed relationships, and it is suggested that the discrepancies that have been observed between eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements and pCO2 models could be the result of inadequate inclusion of complexities in pCO2 models, and that direct measurement via eddy covariance is the preferred method in coastal regions. It is concluded that global kelp and sea grass communities could be taking up as much as 2.1 x 1014 g C (0.21 Pg C) of atmospheric CO2 each year. Therefore, macrophyte ecosystems, which comprise between 0.6-2.2% of the surface area of the ocean could be responsible for as much as 10% of the value currently estimated for total global ocean CO2 uptake
Download or read book Using High Resolution Satellite Derived Wind Speed and Sea Surface Temperature to Measuring the Global Exchange Coefficient and Air sea CO2 Flux written by Christopher D. Jeffery and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Water and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes at the Earth s Surface written by Meghan F. Cronin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-20 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade.
Download or read book Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean Climate System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite-based measurements began, until 2015. Although this increasing trend is modest, it is surprising given the overall warming of the global climate and the region. Indeed, climate models, which incorporate our best understanding of the processes affecting the region, generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Moreover, sea ice in the Arctic has exhibited pronounced declines over the same period, consistent with global climate model simulations. For these reasons, the behavior of Antarctic sea ice has presented a conundrum for global climate change science. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in January 2016, to bring together scientists with different sets of expertise and perspectives to further explore potential mechanisms driving the evolution of recent Antarctic sea ice variability and to discuss ways to advance understanding of Antarctic sea ice and its relationship to the broader ocean-climate system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book The Arctic Climate System written by Mark C. Serreze and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic can be viewed as an integrated system, characterised by intimate couplings between its atmosphere, ocean and land, linked in turn to the larger global system. This comprehensive, up-to-date assessment begins with an outline of early Arctic exploration and the growth of modern research. Using an integrated systems approach, subsequent chapters examine the atmospheric heat budget and circulation, the surface energy budget, the hydrologic cycle and interactions between the ocean, atmosphere and sea ice cover. Reviews of recent directions in numerical modelling and the characteristics of past Arctic climates set the stage for detailed discussion of recent climate variability and trends, and projected future states. Throughout, satellite remote sensing data and results from recent major field programs are used to illustrate key processes. The Arctic Climate System provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the subject for researchers and advanced students in a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice 1978 1987 written by Per Gloersen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces written by W. Brutsaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1983-12-31 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer across the surface of environmental waters is of interest as an important phase in the geophysical and natural biochemical cycles of numer ous substances; indeed it governs the transition, one way or the other, be tween the dissolved state in the water and the gaseous state in the atmo sphere. Especially with increasing population and industrialization, gas transfer at water surfaces has become a critical factor in the understanding of the various pathways of wastes in the environment and of their engineering management. This interfacial mass transfer is, by its very nature, highly complex. The air and the water are usually in turbulent motion, and the interface be tween them is irregular, and disturbed by waves, sometimes accompanied by breaking, spray and bubble formation. Thus the transfer involves a wide variety of physical phenomena occurring over a wide range of scales. As a consequence, scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines and problem areas, have approached the problem, often with greatly differing analytical and experimental techniques and methodologies.
Download or read book The Sea Surface and Global Change written by Peter S. Liss and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-20 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thorough review of sea-surface microlayer properties and role in global change.
Download or read book Global sea air CO2 flux based on climatological surface ocean pCO2 and seasonal biological and temperature effects written by T. Takahashi and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment written by Markus Quante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on published scientific work compiled by independent international experts from climate-related disciplines such as oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, using a regional evaluation and review process similar to that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of our changing climate, discussing a wide range of topics including past, current and future climate change, and climate-related changes in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It also explores the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, coastal zone management, coastal protection, urban climate, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.
