Download or read book Self diffusion of Iron and Sulfur in Ferrous Sulfide written by Ralph Howell Condit and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Self diffusion of Iron in Single Crystals of Ferrous Sulfide and Magnetically Saturated Iron written by Richard Redfield Hobbins and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetics of Reactions in Ionic Systems written by T. J. Gray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AFOSR written by United States. Air Force. Office of Scientific Research and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diffusion in Minerals and Melts written by Youxue Zahng and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 72 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents an extensive compilation of the material presented by the invited speakers at a short course on Diffusion in Minerals and Melts held prior (December 11-12, 2010) to the Annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. The short course was held at the Napa Valley Marriott Hotel and Spa in Napa, California and was sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society.
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Defects and Transport in Oxides written by Robert Jaffee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DEFECTS AND TRANSPORT IN OXIDES is the proceedings of the eighth Battelle Colloquium in the Materials Sciences, held in Columbus and Salt Fork, Ohio, September 17-22, 1973. It took as its theme the relationship between defects and transport of both mass and charge in oxides. Applications of defect-controlled transport to a number of important processes in oxides also were covered. In selecting this topic, the Organizing Committee thought that 1973 was timely to bring together the leading theoretical and experimental researchers in the oxide transport field to review its status in a critical way, and to consider current major research directions and how research in the future might be guided into fruitful areas. The meeting was highlighted by the presentation of several papers which suggest that major advances in our understanding of transport in oxides appear to be imminent. These papers dealt with the results of new theoretical approaches whereby the energies and configurations of defects may be calculated, and with new experimental techniques for indirectly observing these defects, previously thought to be below the limits of experimental resolving power. Other papers, dealing with the application of defect chemistry to technological processes, served to demonstrate the successes and to point out yet unresolved problems associated with ix x PREFACE understanding the chemistry of imperfect crystals.
Download or read book Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME written by Metallurgical Society of AIME. and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regional and Specific Deposits written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Strata-Bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits, Volume 9: Regional and Specific Deposits focuses on the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in the identification of regional and specific ore deposits. The selection first elaborates on the timing of mineralization in stratiform copper deposits, oolitic iron formations, and metalliferous deep-sea sediments. Discussions focus on marine distribution and nature of surface and near-surface deposits, structural setting and associated deposits, principal types of deep-sea metal-enriched sediments, chronological development of oolitic-inland-sea iron formation, and complementary sources and transport mechanisms. The text then tackles heavy-metal accumulation in limnic sediments, trace metals in fresh waters, nature and origin of Archaean strata-bound volcanic associated nickel-iron-copper sulphide deposits, and the significance of pyritic black shales in the genesis of Archean nickel sulphide deposits. Topics include lithological associations, oxidation and supergene alteration of ores, temporal and tectonic setting, dissolved metal concentrations in large freshwater systems, and transport phases of heavy metals in river water. The publication examines strata-bound tin deposits, geology of the Pine Point lead-zinc district, and genesis of the Rammelsberg ore deposit near Goslar/Upper Harz in the Federal Republic of Germany. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers wanting to explore ore deposits.
Download or read book Extraction 2018 written by Boyd R. Davis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-18 with total page 2976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three volume set presents papers from the first collaborative global metallurgy conference focused exclusively on extractive topics, including business and economic issues. Contributions examine new developments in foundational extractive metallurgy topics and techniques, and present the latest research and insights on emerging technologies and issues that are shaping the global extractive metallurgy industry. The book is organized around the following main themes: hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, sulfide flotation, and extractive metallurgy markets and economics.
Download or read book Minerals at the Nanoscale written by F. Nieto and published by The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors have gathered in this book, reviews of past and current studies of mineral groups that have played important roles in geology, environmental science and health science. The various chapters cover the application of TEM and related techniques to: mineral groups in which TEM investigations have been extensive and crucial to the understanding of their mineralogy, namely pyriboles, serpentines, clays, micas and other metamorphic phyllosilicates, oxides and oxyhydroxides, sulfides and carbonates. Some research fields for which TEM is particularly suitable and which have produced significant advances, in particular, are inclusions and traces, extraterrestrial material, deformation processes, non-stoichiometry and superstructures, and biominerals. Nowadays, we are witnessing the push for the improvement of detectors for imaging (direct detection of electrons) and X-rays (silicon drift detectors and annular high solid-angle of collection detectors), the development of new support materials (e.g. graphene) and liquid cells for TEMs. Most of these new technologies have not yet been applied to mineralogical problems but we hope they will be in the near future.
Download or read book Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers written by American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth s Oldest Rocks written by Martin J. Van Kranendonk and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-26 with total page 1331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth’s Oldest Rocks provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of early Earth, from planetary accretion through to development of protocratons with depleted lithospheric keels by c. 3.2 Ga, in a series of papers written by over 50 of the world's leading experts. The book is divided into two chapters on early Earth history, ten chapters on the geology of specific cratons, and two chapters on early Earth analogues and the tectonic framework of early Earth. Individual contributions address topics that range from planetary accretion, a review of Earth meteorites, significance and composition of Hadean protocrust, composition of Archaean mantle and deep crust, all aspects of the geology of Paleoarchean cratons, composition of Archean oceans and hydrothermal environments, evidence and geological settings of early life, early Earth analogues from Venus and New Zealand, and a tectonic framework for early Earth. * Contains comprehensive reviews of areas of ancient lithosphere on Earth, of planetary accretion processes, and of meteorites* Focuses on specific aspects of early Earth, including oldest putative life forms, evidence of the composition of the ancient atmosphere-hydrosphere, and the oldest evidence for subduction-accretion* Presents an overview of geological processes and model of the tectonic framework on early Earth
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on High Temperature Materials Chemistry IV written by Zuhair A. Munir and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms Governing the Growth Reactivity and Stability of Iron Sulfides written by Francis William Herbert and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics of electrochemical processes in ionic materials are fundamentally governed by dynamic events at the atomic scale, including point defect formation and migration, and molecular interactions at the surface. A corrosion system comprising an iron sulfide film (passive layer) formed on iron or steel in contact with an hydrogen sulfide (H2S)- rich fluid can thus, in principle, be modeled by a series of unit reaction steps that control the rate of degradation under given thermodynamic conditions. This overarching thesis goal necessitates a concerted experimental and computational approach to determine the relevant kinetic parameters such as activation barriers Ea and rate constants v0 for the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of interest. These fundamental values can be obtained experimentally via temperature-dependent measurements on pure, model iron sulfide samples. This thesis therefore consists of three case studies on the stable Fe-S phases pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) and pyrite (FeS2) to identify the elementary corrosion mechanisms and their kinetic parameters. Pyrrhotite is of interest because the off-stoichiometry of this phase leads to relatively rapid bulk processes such as diffusion; pyrite has a comparitively inert bulk but this work showed that it has a chemically labile surface. The first study focuses on two basic, rate-controlling steps in the growth of pyrrhotite: cation diffusion and sulfur exchange at the surface. First, iron self-diffusivity *DFe is determined across the temperature range 170-400 °C through magnetokinetic studies of the diffusion-driven "[lambda]" magnetic transformation, as well as direct tracer diffusion measurements in Fe1-xS crystals using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). This range encompasses the sponteneous magnetic and structural order-disorder temperature TN = 315 °C in pyrrhotite. The effect of spontaneous magnetization below TN is to increase the Fe vacancy migration energy by a combined 40% increasing Ea for diffusion from 0.83 eV in paramagnetic Fe1-xS to ~1.20 eV in the fully magnetized state. An extrapolation of the Arrhenius law from the paramagnetic regime would therefore overestimate actual diffusivities by up to 102 times at 150 °C. Second, the surface exchange of sulfur from H2S into the solid state in Fe1-xS is measured using electrical conductivity relaxation, yielding Ea = 1.1 eV for sulfur incorporation into pyrrhotite. With their similar thermal dependence, there is no clear temperature crossover from cation diffusion- to surface exchange-limiting regimes, or vice versa. Instead, surface exchange is expected to constrain pyrrhotite growth for films under ~100 [mu]m thickness, beyond which diffusion becomes the rate limiting mechanism, independent of external driving factors such as temperature. The second study explores the role of surface electronic states on the electrochemical reactivity of pyrite. Charge transfer between a solid surface and an adsorbate such as H2S requires the mutual availability of filled/empty electronic states at the same energy level. The semiconducting FeS2(100) surface is predicted to have intrinsic surface states (SS's) from Fe and S dangling bonds, as well as extrinsic SS's related to delocalized defects at the surface, both of which would affect charge transfer characteristics. A novel, broadly-applicable methodology is developed in this thesis to quantify the energy and density of these SS's, based on experimental scanning tunneling microscopy / spectroscopy (STM/STS) in conjunction with first principles tunneling current modeling. As a result, a decreased surface band gap Eg of 0.4 eV, compared to 0.95 eV in bulk pyrite, is measured. The findings highlight the need to differentiate between bulk and surface electronic structure when assessing heterogeneous reactivity, and have implications for the use of FeS2 in potential technological applications, for example as a photovoltaic adsorber. Finally, the dynamics of point defect formation and clustering on FeS2(100) under high-temperature, reducing conditions are investigated to understand the stability of the surface under extreme conditions. Synchrotron x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to measure a formation energy [delta]Hf for sulfur vacancies in the topmost atomic layer of 0.1 eV up to approximately 240 °C. Above this temperature, however, point defects are shown to condense into surface pits as measured by scnaning tunneling microscopy (STM). The combined, experimental XPS and STM results are replicated with high precision by a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation, developed by Aravind Krishnamoorthy towards his doctoral thesis, of surface degradation on realistic length-and timescales of 10-10 - 10-7 m and up to several hours, respectively. The findings have implications for the initiation of surface breakdown via pitting in ionic passive films, as well as providing a broader understanding of the non-stoichiometry of the pyrite surface. The common thread is a focus on events at the atomic and electronic scale, with an emphasis on point defects. The results thereby facilitate a bottom-up approach to modeling electrochemical processes such as corrosion in Fe-S phases, in which the unit steps are cast into probabilistic simulation tools. While the three studies here comprise only a partial examination of the atomic-scale events regulating the behavior of Fe-S passive layers, this approach makes inroads towards more accurate component lifetime prediction and the design of robust materials for aggressive environments. Moreover, the fundamental surface and bulk physical chemistry of iron sulfides explored in this work has implications beyond corrosion to other uses of these materials, including potential magnetic devices (Fe1-xS) and earth-abundant photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical adsorbers (FeS2).
Download or read book High Temperature Oxidation and Sulphidation Processes written by J. D. Embury and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the fundamental description of the thermodynamics and kinetics of high temperature oxidation of sulphidation of metals and intermetallic compounds. It is a comprehensive account of a large amount of new work in the field including modelling, analysis and a range of experimental methods. The text deals with both basic materials, and some current high temperature structural materials.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
