Download or read book Self consolidating Concrete SCC and High volume Fly Ash Concrete HVFAC for Infrastructure Elements written by John J. Myers and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its unique nature, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has the potential to significantly reduce costs associated with transportation- related infrastructure, benefiting both MoDOT and the residents of Missouri. SCC is a highly flowable, nonsegregating concrete that can be placed without any mechanical consolidation, and thus has the following advantages over conventional concrete: decreased labor and equipment costs during concrete placement, decreased potential for and costs to repair honeycombing and voids, increased production rates of precast and cast-in-place (CIP) elements, and improved finish and appearance of cast and free concrete surfaces. In addition to SCC, innovative materials, such as high-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC), also provide a significant potential to produce more cost effective mix designs for CIP concrete. Since the 1930’s, fly ash – a pozzolanic material – has been used as a partial replacement of portland cement in concrete to improve the material’s strength and durability, while also limiting the amount of early heat generation. From an environmental perspective, replacing cement with fly ash reduces the concrete’s overall carbon footprint and diverts an industrial by-product from the solid waste stream (currently, about 40 percent of fly ash is reclaimed for beneficial reuse and 60 percent is disposed of in landfills). The objective of this research was to provide an implementation test bed and showcase for the use of sustainable and extended service life concrete. In this implementation study for Missouri Bridge A7957, a level of 50% fly ash to cement proportions was utilized as well as normal strength self-consolidating concrete (NS-SCC) and high-strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC) in its primary carrying elements to showcase the use of these innovative materials. This study focused on monitoring the serviceability and structural performance, both short-term and long-term, of the bridge in an attempt to investigate the in-situ behavior of the NS-SCC, HS-SCC and also the HVFAC mixtures. Consequently, to compare and demonstrate the potential benefits and savings of using NS-SCC, HS-SCC and HVFAC in the first Missouri DOT large-scale bridge structure, this study undertook ten tasks including the following: Task 1: Pre-Construction Planning and Construction Coordination; Task 2: Development of Bridge Instrumentation Plan & Load Testing Plan (Bridge A7957); Task 3: Mix Design and Quality Control Procedures/Quality Assurance – Trial Mixes; Task 4: Shear Testing and Evaluation of HS-SCC Precast NU Girders; Task 5: Precast-Prestressed Plant Specimen Fabrication and Instrumentation; Task 6: Field Cast-In-Place Elements and Instrumentation; Task 7: Hardened Properties of Plant and Field Produced Concrete; Task 8: Bridge Load Testing and Monitoring/Evaluation of Experimental Load Testing Results; Task 9: Reporting/Technology Transfer; Task 10: Value to MoDOT and Stakeholders to Implementing SCC/HVFAC. The final report consists of a summary report and four technical reports. The findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study can be referenced within these reporting components.

Download or read book Investigation of the Effects of Shrinkage Creep and Abrasion on Self Consolidating Concrete and High Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Use in Transportation Related Infrastructure written by Brian Timothy Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Concrete specimens were fabricated for shrinkage, creep, and abrasion resistance testing. Variations of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), high volume fly ash concrete (HVFA), and conventional concrete were studied. The results were compared to previous similar testing programs and used to determine the adequacy of the materials for use in practice. These two concrete variations offer significant benefits when used as replacements to conventional concrete. Because of the respective properties of both types of concrete, both economic and environmental benefits are achieved with the use of both. The lower labor costs of SCC and the lower material cost of HVFA lead to lower overall construction costs, while the decrease in CO2 production and conservation of landfill space through the use of HVFA lead to significant environmental benefits. The SCC testing program consisted of normal strength (6000 psi) and high strength (10,000 psi) variations of SCC and conventional concrete. The HVFA testing program consisted of two variations of HVFA with 70% fly ash replacement and one conventional concrete mix. All specimens were tested for compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage strain, creep strain, and abrasion resistance. All tests were performed according to their respective ASTM standard methods. SCC performed well relative to convention concrete at high strengths, but not as well at normal strengths for shrinkage and creep. HVFA, however, outperformed conventional concrete in both shrinkage and creep. Abrasion resistance was primarily dependant [sic] on concrete strength, not concrete type"--Abstract, leaf iii.

Download or read book Bond Behavior of High volume Fly Ash and Self consolidating Concrete written by Trevor Jay Looney and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The main objective of this study was to determine the effect on bond performance of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete and self-consolidating concrete (SCC). The HVFA concrete test program consisted of comparing the bond performance of two concrete mix designs with 70% cement replacement with Class C fly ash relative to a Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) standard mix design. The SCC test program consisted of comparing the bond performance of normal and high strength SCC with their respective MoDOT standard mix designs. Two test methods were used for bond strength comparisons. The first was a direct pull-out test based on the RILEM 7-II-128 "RC6: Bond test for reinforcing steel. 1. Pullout test" (RILEM, 1994). The direct pull-out tests were performed on specimens with #4 (#13) and #6 (#19) deformed reinforcing bars. The second test method consisted of a full-scale beam splice test specimen subjected to a four-point loading until failure of the splice. This test method is a non-ASTM test procedure that is generally accepted as the most realistic test method for both development and splice length. The beam splice tests were performed on beams with #6 (#19) reinforcing bars spliced at midspan at a specific length to ensure bond failure occurs prior to shear or flexural failure. Analysis of the HVFA concrete data indicates that using greater than 50% replacement of cement with fly ash in concrete does not result in any increase in the required development length of mild reinforcing. Analysis of the SCC data indicates that using SCC does not result in any increase in the required development length of mild reinforcing"--Abstract, Leaf iii.

Download or read book Self Compacting Concrete written by Ahmed Loukili and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-07 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a relatively new building material. Nowadays, its use is progressively changing the method of concrete placement on building sites. However, the successful use of SCC requires a good understanding of the behavior of this material, which is vastly different from traditional concrete. For this purpose, a lot of research has been conducted on this area all over the world since 10 years. Intended for both practitioners and scientists, this book provides research results from the rheological behavior of fresh concrete to durability.

Download or read book Self Compacting Concrete Materials Properties and Applications written by Rafat Siddique and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Compacting Concrete: Materials, Properties and Applications presents the latest research on various aspects of self-compacting concrete, including test methods, rheology, strength and durability properties, SCC properties at elevated temperature, SC manufacturing with the use of SCMs, recycled aggregates and industrial by-products. Written by an international group of contributors who are closely associated with the development of self-compacting concrete, the book explores the main differences between SCC and normal concrete in terms of raw materials, fresh properties and hardened properties. Other topics discussed include the structure and practical applications of fiber reinforced SCC. Researchers and experienced engineers will find this reference to be a systematic source to SCC with its accounting of the latest breakthroughs in the field and discussions of SCC constructability, structural integrity, improved flows into complex forms, and superior strength and durability. Offers a systematic and comprehensive source of information on the latest developments in SCC technology Includes mix design procedures, tests standards, rheology, strength and durability properties Explores the properties and practical applications of SCC

Download or read book Self Consolidating Concrete written by Joseph Daczko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A very interesting and useful book for all the different practitioners in the concrete industry. Each necessary step is thoroughly dealt with and explained in a nice and pedagogic way." Peter Billberg, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute (CBI)"Quite comprehensive and with a narrative style at the practitioner level." Lloyd Keller, Direc

Download or read book Development and Characterization of Sustainable Self Consolidating Concrete Containing High Volume of Limestone Powder and Natural Or Calcined Pozzolanic Materials written by Kemal Celik and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide emission from ordinary Portland cement manufacturing is one of the major sustainability issues facing the concrete industry. In fact, the annual worldwide CO2 emission from cement manufacturing is nearly 7% of the global emissions. Roughly 60% of these emissions come from the calcination of limestone, the main raw material for making Portland-cement clinker. The remaining CO2 emission is as a result of fuel combustion required to generate the heat necessary for the reactions forming clinker. Although considerable gains in energy efficiency have been achieved during the production of cement for the last two decades, calcination of limestone is the major concern as a source of CO2 emissions. Utilization of high-volume of by-products or natural pozzolanic material, such as basaltic ash pozzolan or fly ash as a replacement of Portland cement clinker, is a possible approach to reduce the clinker factor of Portland cement. In addition, self-consolidating concrete mixtures are being increasingly used for the construction of highly reinforced complex concrete elements and for massive concrete structures such as thick foundation due to its technical advantages such as shortened placement time, labor savings, improved compaction, and better encapsulation of rebar. Self-consolidating concrete requires utilization of high dosage of a plasticizing agent or viscosity-modifying chemical admixtures. The purpose of this study is to develop highly flowable self-consolidating concrete mixtures made of high proportions of cement replacement materials such as basaltic ash pozzolan, fly ash and pulverized limestone instead of high dosage of a plasticizer or viscosity-modifying admixtures, and characterize the effects of Portland cement replacement on the strength and durability. The two replacement materials used are high-volume finely-ground basaltic ash, a Saudi Arabian aluminum-silica rich basaltic glass and high-volume Class-F fly ash, from Jim Bridger Power Plant, Wyoming US. As an extension of the study, limestone powder was also used to replace Portland cement, alongside finely-ground basaltic ash and Class-F fly ash, forming ternary blends. Along with compressive strength tests, non-steady state chloride migration, water absorption and gas permeability tests were performed, as durability indicators, on self-consolidating concrete (SCC) specimens. The results were compared to two reference concretes; 100% ordinary Portland cement and 85% ordinary Portland cement - 15% limestone powder by weight. The high-volume of basaltic pozzolan and fly ash concrete mixtures showed strength and durability results comparable to those of the reference concretes at later ages; identifying that both can effectively be used to produce low-cost and environment-friendly self-consolidating concrete without utilizing viscosity-modifying admixture. Even though the slump flow diameter of SCC specimens was held in the similar range by utilizing varied amount of water reducer admixture, they were not identical. To enable a precise comparison among the specimens, the mortar specimens were produced that had same cement-replacement ratios with the ones in SCC specimens utilizing basaltic ash pozzolan (NP), Class-F fly ash (FA) and limestone powder without using water reducer admixture. Overall the binary and ternary FA samples had higher strength than NP mortar samples up to 1 year. This can be attributed to the higher pozzolanic reactivity of FA compared to NP which is supported by X-ray diffraction, isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The normal consistency and setting time of the mixtures were determined. It showed that cement replacement with limestone powder in the ternary blended cements containing either basaltic ash pozzolan or Class-F fly ash along with ordinary Portland cement lowered the initial and final time of setting relative to the binary blended cements containing similar ratio of cement replacement. Also, the water demand of mixtures incorporate with basaltic ash pozzolan was greater than the one with Class-F fly ash. The influence of the basaltic ash pozzolan, Class-F fly ash and limestone powder in the binary and ternary Portland cement blends is discussed, while following the physicochemical changes such as crystalline transition, hydration kinetics, and mechanical property that are a direct result of the addition of supplementary cementitious material or filler. Selected cement pastes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Integrating these techniques helps to understand the fresh and hardened properties of concretes and brings new insight into the effect of basaltic ash pozzolan, Class-F fly ash and limestone powder on the hydration of Portland cement. Isothermal calorimetry analysis presents that the addition of limestone powder, for instance, increased the rate of hydration reaction relative to the control specimen. This suggests that as a result of the further participation of aluminate phases in hydration reaction, the hydration products were improved. This outcome was confirmed with the analysis of XRD results by the finding carboaluminates in the limestone powder containing blended cements. It is important to note that the enhancement of hydration reaction was not adequate to compensate for the dilution effect due to addition of limestone powder. While the replacement of ordinary Portland cement with Class-F fly ash retarded the rate of hydration reaction relative to the one with basaltic ash pozzolan at first, the reactivity of Class-F fly ash improved after 2 days of hydration and surpassed the cumulative heat of hydration of basaltic ash pozzolan. This result is supported by TGA analysis demonstrating that the mixtures containing Class-F fly ash had more hydrate water with respect to the one of with basaltic ash pozzolan. XRD analysis showed that the addition of limestone powder in the ternary cement containing either basaltic ash pozzolan or fly ash led to stabilize the transformation of ettringite to monosulfate and introduce the carboaluminates in the hydration products. TGA analysis indicated that the degree of pozzolanic reaction of fly ash was higher than the one with basaltic ash in the binary and ternary blended mixtures. For a comprehensive analysis and quantification of emissions and global warming potential (GWP) from concrete production, life-cycle assessment was used on the concrete mixture containing Class-F fly ash. It is found that high volume, up to 55% by weight replacement of ordinary Portland cement with Class-F fly ash, or Class-F fly ash and limestone powder produces highly workable concrete that has high 28-day and 365-day strength, and extremely high to very high resistance to chloride penetration along with low GWP for concrete production.

Download or read book INCEPTION OF HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH WITH HYBRID FIBRE BASED CONCRETE A PERFORMER written by Dr. SS. Asadi & Dr. Vennam Swathi and published by Laxmi Book Publication. This book was released on 2024-01-20 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When infrastructure is built quickly, development occurs. Concrete is the go-to material for construction projects. Manufacturing cement is a significant contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide. Using carbon-neutral materials like crimson mud or powdered snail shells can reduce cement's carbon dioxide emissions by half. As an adaptable alternative to traditional concrete, HVFA concrete has many uses. Long-lasting and useful in Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) projects, fly ash also enhances concrete's workability. The positive effects of fly ash on the environment, such as lower carbon dioxide emissions, are not new. Adding fly ash to concrete increases its strength and segregation, which reduces its price and makes it simpler to pump.

Download or read book High volume Fly Ash Concrete Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Self consolidating Concrete Incorporating Byproducts written by Natt Makul and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a fundamental building material in modern times, concrete has been subject to continual development. It has evolved from a simple mixture of basic elements (ie: hydraulic cement, water, and aggregates) to become a modern high-performance material -- a material designed to respond to the environment and in some versions to preserve it. This book reflects the recent research developments in regards to concrete technology. As such, it focuses on the innovative high-performance concrete known as self-consolidating concrete (SCC). This kind of concrete has outstanding properties such that it can flow and become compact by its own weight without bleeding and with minimal reliance on energy. Originating in Japan in 1983 in response to a labor supply shortage in the construction industry, SCC requires less work to compact in the production process than conventional concrete does. That is, unlike conventional concrete, SCC can flow by its own weight and requires very little vibration to compact. This book is for readers who want to become well-versed in the most important current research in the field of novel SCC. The book will be useful for students, researchers, concrete scientists and technologists, and practicing engineers. This book consists of eight chapters. Each chapter is comprised of an introduction, a discussion of the concept of the design and the concretes development, and the properties and testing of the concrete in fresh and hardened stages of SCC. Clearly, the properties of concrete, especially SCC, have shown remarkable improvement in recent years, and the movement toward more environmentally sound production practices is also encouraging. The opportunity to offer a detailed account of SCC in this light constitutes the authors principal reason for writing this book, which is itself the result of significant research. Despite his best efforts, though, it may be that the authors account includes some errors, for which he takes full responsibility. Nevertheless, it has been the authors great pleasure to write this book, which he hopes will prove useful to readers both in the context of research and in the context of practical applications of SCC. The author thanks Phranakhon Rajabhat University under the project Survey, Assessment and Development of Cementitious Potential of Byproducts Obtained from Biomass Power Plant in Thailand as Concrete Materials in the Production of Special Concrete for providing financial support for this project.

Download or read book Preliminary Assessment of Self consolidating Concrete Containing High volumes of Fly Ash and Limestone Flour written by Alexander John Stack and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Evaluation of High volume Fly Ash HVFA Concrete Mixes written by Jeffery S. Voltz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies, including those by the investigators, have shown that higher cement replacement percentages -- even up to 75 percent -- can result in excellent concrete in terms of both strength and durability. Referred to as high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete, this material offers a viable alternative to traditional portland cement concrete and is significantly more sustainable. However, HVFA concrete is not without its problems. At all replacement rates, fly ash generally slows down the setting time and hardening rates of concrete at early ages, especially under cold weather conditions, and when less reactive fly ashes are used. Furthermore, with industrial by-products, some variability in physical and chemical characteristics will normally occur, not only between power plants but also within the same plant. Consequently, to achieve the benefits of HVFA concrete, guidelines are needed for its proper application in bridges, roadways, culverts, retaining walls, and other transportation-related infrastructure components. The objective of this research was to design, test, and evaluate HVFA concrete mixtures. The study focused on the hardened properties of HVFA concrete containing aggregates and fly ash indigenous to the state of Missouri and developed guidelines on its use in infrastructure elements for MoDOT.

Download or read book High performance High volume Fly Ash Concrete written by V. Mohan Malhotra and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Sustainable High Strength Self Consolidating Concrete Utilising Fly Ash Shale Ash and Microsilica written by Pui-Lam Ng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With high flowability and passing ability, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) does not require compaction during casting and can improve constructability. The favourable properties of SCC have enabled its widespread adoption in many parts of the world. However, there are two major issues associated with the SCC mixes commonly used in practice. First, the cement content is usually at the high side. Since the production of cement involves calcination at high temperature and is an energy-intensive process, the high cement content imparts high embodied energy and carbon footprint to the SCC mixes. Besides, the exothermic reaction of cement hydration would cause high heat generation and early thermal cracking problem that would impair structural integrity and necessitate repair. Second, the strength is usually limited to around grade 60, which is considered as medium strength in nowadays achievable norm. With a view to develop sustainable high-strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC), experimental research utilising fly ash (FA), shale ash (SA), and microsilica (MS) in the production of SCC has been conducted, as reported herein.

Download or read book Chapter Development of Sustainable High Strength Self Consolidating Concrete Utilising Fly Ash Shale Ash and Microsilica written by PL Ng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With high flowability and passing ability, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) does not require compaction during casting and can improve constructability. The favourable properties of SCC have enabled its widespread adoption in many parts of the world. However, there are two major issues associated with the SCC mixes commonly used in practice. First, the cement content is usually at the high side. Since the production of cement involves calcination at high temperature and is an energy-intensive process, the high cement content imparts high embodied energy and carbon footprint to the SCC mixes. Besides, the exothermic reaction of cement hydration would cause high heat generation and early thermal cracking problem that would impair structural integrity and necessitate repair. Second, the strength is usually limited to around grade 60, which is considered as medium strength in nowadays achievable norm. With a view to develop sustainable high-strength self-consolidating concrete (HS-SCC), experimental research utilising fly ash (FA), shale ash (SA), and microsilica (MS) in the production of SCC has been conducted, as reported herein.

Download or read book SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH HIGH VOLUMES OF FLY ASH written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this investigation, SCCs were prepared by keeping the total mass of cementitious materials (cement and fly ash) constant at 500 kg/m3, in which 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% of cement, by weight, was replaced by the high-lime and low-lime fly ash. For comparison, a control SCC mixture without any fly ash was also produced. The fresh properties of the SCCs were observed through, slump flow time and diameter, V-funnel flow time, L-box height ratio, U-box height difference, segregation ratio and the rheological parameters (relative yield stress and relative plastic viscosity). Relations between workability and rheological parameters were sought. Setting times and temperature rise of the SCC were also determined. The hardened properties included the compressive strength, split tensile strength, drying shrinkage and permeation properties (absorption, sorptivity and rapid chloride permeability tests) up to 360 days. The results obtained indicated that it is possible to produce SCC with a 70% of cement replacement by both types of fly ash. The use of high volumes of fly ash in SCC not only improved the workability and permeability properties but also made it possible to produce concretes between 33-40 MPa compressive strength at 28 days.

Download or read book Early age Properties of High volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement Volume 2 written by Aniruddha Baral and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision-based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal...