Download or read book Selective Immunosuppression in Organ Transplantation written by Theodoor Jacques Marie Ruers and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Xenotransplantation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-07-12 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of cells, tissues, and whole organs from one species to another. Interest in animal-to-human xenotransplants has been spurred by the continuing shortage of donated human organs and by advances in knowledge concerning the biology of organ and tissue rejection. The scientific advances and promise, however, raise complex questions that must be addressed. This book considers the scientific and medical feasibility of xenotransplantation and explores the ethical and public policy issues surrounding the possibility of renewed clinical trials. The volume focuses on the science base of xenotransplantation, public health risks of infectious disease transmission, and ethical and public policy issues, including the views of patients and their families.
Download or read book Local Immunosuppression of Organ Transplants written by Scott A. Gruber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time a complete review of the research work done over the past 30 years by leading investigators around the world in targeting immunosuppressants to both solid-organ and cellular transplants is available in a single volume. One section consists of studies conducted in rat allograft models using osmotic minipumps for delivery of a variety of immunosuppressants. The book will be of great benefit to researchers in the fields of transplant immunology, pharmacology and drug delivery and targeting, particularly those involved in drug development.
Download or read book Personalized Immunosuppression in Transplantation written by Michael Oellerich and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personalized Immunosuppression in Transplantation: Role of Biomarker Monitoring and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring provides coverage of the various approaches to monitoring immunosuppressants in transplant patients, including the most recently developed biomarker monitoring methods, pharmacogenomics approaches, and traditional therapeutic drug monitoring. The book is written for pathologists, toxicologists, and transplant surgeons who are involved in the management of transplant patients, offering them in-depth coverage of the management of immunosuppressant therapy in transplant patients with the goal of maximum benefit from drug therapy and minimal risk of drug toxicity. This book also provides practical guidelines for managing immunosuppressant therapy, including the therapeutic ranges of various immunosuppressants, the pitfalls of methodologies used for determination of these immunosuppressants in whole blood or plasma, appropriate pharmacogenomics testing for organ transplant recipients, and when biomarker monitoring could be helpful. - Focuses on the personalized management of immunosuppression therapy in individual transplant patients - Presents information that applies to many areas, including gmass spectrometry, assay design, assay validation, clinical chemistry, and clinical pathology - Provides practical guidelines for the initial selection and subsequent modifications of immunosuppression therapy in individual transplant patients - Reviews the latest research in biomarker monitoring in personalizing immunosuppressant therapy, including potential new markers not currently used, but with great potential for future use - Explains how monitoring graft-derived, circulating, cell free DNA has shown promise in the early detection of transplant injury in liquid biopsy
Download or read book Current and Future Immunosuppressive Therapies Following Transplantation written by Giuseppe Remuzzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art summary of current and future immunosuppressive strategies in transplantation, with emphasis on the basic science mechanisms and clinical applicability of these strategies. The uniqueness of this book is the inclusion of up-to-date information on the basic mechanisms of actions of the immunosuppressive drugs as well as a summary of the clinical trials data and the potential use of these drugs in clinical organ transplantation. In addition to describing the various immunosuppressive strategies, the book has three special features, including immunosuppression in xenotransplantation, gene therapy approaches, and transplantation tolerance. A group of outstanding investigators have been assembled to write the chapters. The book is intended for the transplant professional and the specialist who wants to stay abreast of the current status of immunosuppression in organ transplantation. The book is also useful for basic scientists who work in the field of transplantation immunology.
Download or read book Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation written by Richard N. Fine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation is acomprehensive and succinct text on all aspects of pediatric solidorgan transplantation. It provides a ready source of reference, toboth the basic science and organ specific surgical technique andafter care. This second edition has been extensively updated inlight of recent developments in this rapidly advancing area. The only textbook devoted to the field of pediatrictransplantation A definitive reference for all those interested in improvingthe care and quality of life of children undergoing solid organtransplantation Section on immunosuppression has been expanded by four chaptersto include sections on; - mechanisms of action - therapies for the sensitized patient - post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders - organ toxicities of immunosuppressive therapy A new section has been added on the many topics related toquality of life that effect survivors of pediatrictransplantation International editorial and contributor team represents a widegeographical range and contains both recognized leaders andemerging experts Whether you are an established sub-specialist in pediatrictransplantation, a transplant surgeon, or a pediatric specialist ina related area, this book will answer all your questions about careof the pediatric patient before, during, and aftertransplantation.
Download or read book Organ Donation and Transplantation written by Georgios Tsoulfas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most interesting and at the same time most challenging fields of medicine and surgery has been that of organ donation and transplantation. It is a field that has made tremendous strides during the last few decades through the combined input and efforts of scientists from various specialties. What started as a dream of pioneers has become a reality for the thousands of our patients whose lives can now be saved and improved. However, at the same time, the challenges remain significant and so do the expectations. This book will be a collection of chapters describing these same challenges involved including the ethical, legal, and medical issues in organ donation and the technical and immunological problems the experts are facing involved in the care of these patients.The authors of this book represent a team of true global experts on the topic. In addition to the knowledge shared, the authors provide their personal clinical experience on a variety of different aspects of organ donation and transplantation.
Download or read book Immunosuppression under Trial written by Pierre Cochat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation is currently experiencing a worldwide revival since new drugs are now available and others are under development. In order to contribute to the design of future strategies, a critical approach of surrogate endpoints is given and long-term side effects are analysed, together with the impact of non-compliance, quality-of-life and economical parameters. In this book, international specialists have set up the scientific rationale and provided new bases for further immunosuppressive strategies.
Download or read book Modulating T Cell Costimulation to Prevent Renal Allograft Rejection in Nonhuman Primates written by Lijun Song and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organ transplantation is often the best therapeutic approach for end-stage organ failure. Graft rejection is the major obstacle to successful transplantation because transplantation is most frequently carried out between genetically distinct individuals. Transplanted tissues or organs are usually recognized by the immune system as foreign and are rapidly destructed without immune interventions. A series of approaches have thus been applied in clinic to inhibit the allogenic immune responses and in turn increase organ transplant acceptance. Immunosuppressive drugs are the key players in the "war" against immune cell-mediated rejection of allogenic transplants. Currently, the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) has dramatically decreased the risk of acute transplant rejection and improved the short-term outcomes of organ transplantation, but the long-term outcomes are still unsatisfied. One of the main reasons causing unsatisfied long-term outcomes is that current immunosuppressive drugs do not specifically target immune cells that cause transplant rejection. These immunosuppressive agents, especially CNIs, are the risk factors for late graft loss and death with functioning graft (DWFG) due to drug toxicity, over-immunosuppression, and other side-effects. Thus there is an urgent need for seeking novel therapies that can selectively eliminate the alloreactive immune responses while preserving the integrity of the remainder of the host immune system. It has been known that T cells play a central role in initiating allograft rejection. Full activation of T cells requires at least two collaborative but distinct signals. The first signal is generated by the interaction between T cell receptor (TCR) and MHC-peptide complex. The second signal, termed costimulatory signal, is delivered through the engagement of costimulatory receptors by their ligands. Importantly, TCR engagement in the absence of costimulatory signals can result in T cell anergy, a state of T cell unresponsiveness. Costimulatory molecules thus gain attention as potential therapeutic targets. Because these molecules are primary expressed on T cells and/or antigen-presenting cells, targeting costimulatory signaling pathway offers the oppertumities to modulate immune system in a more selective way relative to conventional immunosuppressive agents. To date, numerous costimulatory molecules have been identified and some have been tested as therapeutic targets in organ transplant models. CD28-CD80/86 and CD40-CD40L axis are two important and the most well known costimulatory signaling pathways. Belatacept, a variant of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin G (CTLA4-Ig) that blocks CD28-CD80/86 signaling pathway, is the only costimulation blocker to be approved for clinical use in organ transplantation. Compared to CNI-based regimen for kidney transplant recipients, belatacept-based regimens show similar patient and graft survival rate, superior graft function, and improved cardiovascular risk profile. However, belatacept is also associated with higher rates of acute rejection and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Disruption of CD40-CD40L interaction with anti-CD40L mAbs has also been demonstrated to be a reliable approach for preventing acute rejection and for prolonging allograft survival. Unfortunately, unexpected thromboembolic complications in preclinical studies and clinical trials discontinued the development of anti-CD40L mAbs. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the optimal T cell costimulation blockers that can show improved safety and non-inferior efficacy in promoting allograft acceptance relative to current costimulatory blocking agents. Anti-CD40 mAbs are an alternative approach to block CD40-CD40L costimulatory pathway. CD40 is not involved in the stability of platelet thrombi and anti-CD40 mAbs are expected to not cause thromboembolic events. ASKP1240 is a novel fully human anti-CD40 mAb. In this study, the efficacy of ASKP1240 in the prevention of renal allograft rejection was evaluated in cynomolgus monkey kidney transplantation model. When ASKP1240 was administered alone, it dose-dependently reduced the incidence of acute rejection and prolonged renal allograft survival. Renal allograft acceptance was further improved in the monkey which received regiments using ASKP1240 combined with conventional immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus (sub-therapeutic dose) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Acute allograft rejection was totally eliminated in these animals and the kidney allograft median survival times (MST) of these groups were significantly longer than those of monotherapy groups. ASKP1240 administration did not induce cytokine release. This agent was well tolerated in monkey kidney transplant recipients during the 180-day treatment period. There were no obvious side effects including drug-related thromboembolic complications. Next, we tested the hypothesis that a CD86-selective variant of CTLA4-Ig might show non-inferior efficacy on the prevention of allograft rejection and prolongation of graft survival in comparison with belatacept. CD86 is the dominating ligand between the two natural ligands for CD28 in alloimmune response. Improvements in CD86 binding affinity of CTLA4-Igs confer increased immunosuppressive potency. A CD86-selective CTLA4-Ig variant may reach therapeutic levels of CD86 occupancy while occupies substantially less CD80 ligand than non-CD86-selective CTLA4-Igs. Preservation of CD80 signaling may be favoring to retain protective immunity and to improve safety of CTLA4-Ig therapy. This thesis investigated the effects of a novel CD86-selective CTLA4-Ig variant, ASP2409, on renal allograft rejection and survival in cynomolgus monkeys. ASP2409 possesses 14-fold higher in vitro CD86 binding affinity than belatacept and improved immunosuppressive potency. Compared to no-treatment control, low-dose (0.3 mg/kg) ASP2409 monotherapy significantly prolonged renal allograft survival (MST = 5 and 26 days, respectively) but did not decrease the incidence of acute rejection (8/8). The rate of acute renal allograft rejection was reduced in the group of high-dose ASP2409 monotherapy (2/7) and, correspondingly, a much longer MST (>91 days) was shown in this group. Combination therapy of low-dose ASP2409 and tacrolimus (sub-therapeutic dose) completely eliminated acute allograft rejection and notably prolonged renal allograft survival (MST >91 days). The MSTs of renal allografts in the animals receiving high-dose ASP2409-, belatacept-, and therapeutic dose tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimens were same (>91 days). High-dose ASP2409-based regimens exhibited better histopathological results than belatacept-based regimen. Furthermore, higher frequencies of FoxP3+ Tregs in renal allografts were observed in ASP2409- and belatacept-based regimens compared to tacrolimus-based regimen. ASP2409 was also demonstrated to be safe for animals with the doses to be tested. There were no serious side effects related to ASP2409 to be found in term of 91-day study. This study demonstrates that ASKP1240 is as effective as anti-CD40L mAbs on inhibition of acute rejection and prolongation of renal allograft survival, and do not cause thromboembolic complications. Previous studies indicated that CNIs could diminish the effects of anti-CD40L mAbs. In our study, ASKP1240 in combination with tacrolimus or MMF shows improved efficiency. Furthermore, the effects of ASP2409 on promoting renal allograft acceptance are not inferior to belatacept. These results collectively suggest that ASKP1240 and ASP2409 both are the promising immunosuppressive agents for solid organ transplantation.
Download or read book Contemporary Heart Transplantation written by Linda Bogar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a one-of- a-kind volume that includes all aspects of heart transplantation from its historic beginning to its current day standards which now make the procedure a long-term treatment option for heart failure patients. The subjects covered include technical aspects of the procurement and implant procedures, as well as the medical nuances of pre-operative preparation and post-transplant immunosuppression management; the current day multi-disciplinary make up of the transplant team along with information on the keys to building and running a successful transplant program; regulatory standards and listing policies and the impact of the growing mechanical circulatory support technologies on the transplant field; and emerging technologies and future possibilities. All chapters are written by experts in the field and include the most up-to-date peer reviewed studies and clinical guidelines. This book gives an ever-changing reference that will become the text of choice for those beginning or continuing their transplant careers.
Download or read book Current Issues and Future Direction in Kidney Transplantation written by Thomas Rath and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The here presented book covers different areas of clinical and scientific interest, reaching from donor evaluation to newest methods in immunological diagnostics. But also aspects of daily care of transplant recipients can be found in the carefully selected chapters. Everything driven by the aim to improve the care for all of our transplanted patients.
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery written by William E. G. Thomas and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive, accessible, and reliable resource which provides a solid foundation of the knowledge and basic science needed to hone all of the core surgical skills used in surgical settings. Presented in a clear and accessible way it addresses the cross-specialty aspects of surgery applicable to all trainees.
Download or read book Modern Immunosuppressives written by H.-J. Schuurman and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding from the classic use of immunosuppressants in transplantation and rejection, this current overview highlights their new roles in clinical medicine. Immunosuppressants are at the forefront of new treatment modalities. Individual chapters focus on their use not only in prevention or treatment of transplant rejection, but also on their use in immune-complex and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis; on combination therapies to achieve synergy in immunosuppression; on new drugs, low molecular weight chemicals, the use of antibodies and gene therapy; on immunological tolerance to prevent or inhibit transplant rejection; and how data derived from transplant studies can be applied to other avenues of immunosuppression. Clinicians and researchers will appreciate the scope of the work and the presentation of new approaches in the rapidly developing field of immunosuppression.
Download or read book Therapeutic Immunosuppression written by Angus W. Thomson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has broad applications in clinical medicine, ranging from prevention and treatment of organ and bone marrow transplant rejection, management of various autoimmune disorders (for example, rheumatoid arthritis), skin disease and asthma. Whereas traditionally only a small repertoire of immunosuppressive agents was available for clinical use, recent discoveries have significantly increased the number of approved agents, resulting in numerous trials to further evaluate their potential. There is also considerable interest in the potential of cell-based therapies (particularly hematopoietic stem and dendritic cell therapy) of allo- and autoimmunity. Important recent advances in the immunotherapy of allergic diseases are also covered in this book. This volume is intended both for practising physicians and surgeons and for biomedical scientists at the graduate/postdoctoral levels, and is designed to provide the theory behind these various approaches to immunosuppression, and to provide state-of-the-art reviews of current developments in each area.
Download or read book Frontiers in Transplantology written by Hesham Abdeldayem and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is addressed to researchers, practicing physicians, and surgeons in the field of organ transplantation, as well as the medical students, residents, and fellows. The topics covered include the religious concepts in organ transplantation, embryonic organ transplantation, tolerance, normothermic graft perfusion, pharmacogenetics of immunosuppressors, viral transmission in organ transplantation, pediatric and split-liver transplantation, portopulmonary hypertension, mechanical circulatory support, ex vivo lung perfusion, and ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation.
Download or read book Uterus Transplantation written by Mats Brännström and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses all aspects of the uterus transplantation procedure in women who are childless because of a dysfunctional or missing uterus, from initial pre-operative investigations to follow-up after the uterine graft has been removed. All the international experts who are engaged in clinical activities and/or research in this field have contributed one or more of the book’s chapters. Since the first live birth following uterus transplantation was reported in Sweden in September 2014, the field has been rapidly evolving around the globe: the first cases in USA, Germany, China, Brazil, and Czech Republic were performed in 2016 and several other centres are preparing for clinical trials of uterus transplantation. Uterus transplantation is a subject that attracts the attention of many bioethicists, and like all other major procedures in transplantation surgery and assisted reproduction techniques, it is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary team if it is to be successful. As such the book is a valuable resource not only for clinicians from many disciplines, but also for nurses, ethicists, psychologists and researchers.
Download or read book Core Topics in Critical Care Medicine written by Fang Gao Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-22 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critical care unit manages patients with a vast range of disease and injuries affecting every organ system. The unit can initially be a daunting environment, with complex monitoring equipment producing large volumes of clinical data. Core Topics in Critical Care Medicine is a practical, comprehensive, introductory-level text for any clinician in their first few months in the critical care unit. It guides clinicians in both the initial assessment and the clinical management of all CCU patients, demystifying the critical care unit and providing key knowledge in a concise and accessible manner. The full spectrum of disorders likely to be encountered in critical care are discussed, with additional chapters on transfer and admission, imaging in the CCU, structure and organisation of the unit, and ethical and legal issues. Written by Critical Care experts, Core Topics in Critical Care Medicine provides comprehensive, concise and easily accessible information for all trainees.
