Download or read book Selection and Use of Molecular Parameters to Predict Permeation Through Fluoropolymer Based Protective Clothing Material written by CM. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple molecular parameters, describing affinity and size, are shown to model permeation of Challenge 5100R and Challenge 5200R materials (fiber-reinforced fluoropolymers). Solubility parameter eodels based on permeation test data are described, and shown to be very similar for the two materials. Figures combining both solubility parameter affinities and size parameters are presented as potential predictive models for the barrier effectiveness of the materials. The size parameter and the presence of double bonds are shown to have a profound influence on permeation. The results from this model are described, and evaluated using data obtained before and after model development. The model is compared with a different empirical model developed by Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL). The ADL model uses a rule system to predict permeation through the fluoropolymer materials based on the structure and size of the challenge chemical. Both approaches correctly describe the permeation behavior in about 90% of the cases in the present data set.

Download or read book Performance of Protective Clothing Fourth Volume written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 1033 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hansen Solubility Parameters written by Charles M. Hansen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-15 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility-related phenomena. Revised and updated throughout, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, Second Edition features the three Hansen solubility parameters for over 1200 chemicals and correlations for over 400 materials including p

Download or read book A Computer System to Predict Chemical Permeation Through Fluoropolymer Based Protective Clothing written by R. Goydan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emergency spill response activities often require protective clothing that is an effective barrier to a wide range of chemicals and chemical mixtures. The U.S. Coast Guard Chemical Response Suit uses fluoropolymer film-based Challenge® materials as the encapsulating suit material to achieve high barrier. The results of over 300 permeation tests previously conducted by the U.S. Coast Guard indicate that these materials are excellent barriers to many chemicals and mixtures, however, several chemicals do permeate them. An empirical model or rule system was developed using this data set to predict whether permeation will be detected within three hours at 25°C at a detection sensitivity of 0.05 ?g/cm2-min. The model predicts permeation based on the structure and size of the chemical, and when applied to the existing data base, correctly predicts the permeation behavior for 93% of the chemicals tested. A computerized version of the permeation data base and prediction model was developed for Macintosh® computers using SuperCard® for use by personnel with minimal permeation or chemistry training. The computer system provides capabilities to search the existing permeation database and make predictions using the empirical model.

Download or read book Predictive Models of Solvent Permeation Through Chemical Protective Clothing written by Daniel Howard Anna and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance of Protective Clothing written by James S. Johnson and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry written by K. S. Birdi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-27 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science of surface and colloid chemistry has been expanding at a rapid pace, resulting in new areas of development, additional applications, and more theoretical and experimental information on related systems. Completely revised and expanded to reflect the very active worldwide research on this subject, this is the definitive handbook for the

Download or read book Textile Technology Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Paint and Coating Testing Manual written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solubility Parameter Prediction of the Barrier Properties of Chemical Protective Clothing written by CM. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubility parameter correlations based on breakthrough times are presented. Solubility parameters have been used previously to estimate whether or not a given permeant will swell or dissolve in a given membrane. Increased solubility is predicted when the solubility parameters for the polymer and penetrant approach each other. Some experimental work is required to characterize either the permeant or the membrane if no data are already available. Since the diffusion coefficients for organic permeants in organic membranes increase exponentially with permeant concentration, there is a very strong dependence of permeation on solubility and therefore on solubility parameters. All other things being equal, penetrants with bulky structures and side groups will permeate more slowly than those with more linear and less voluminous structures. For this reason elimination of permeants with either very small or very large molecular size significantly improves most of the correlations presented, but limits their range of usefulness.

Download or read book An Evaluation of a Permeation Field Test Kit to Aid Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing written by SB. Storment and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed a field kit based on a permeation cup test, to aid in the selection of chemical protective clothing. The operation of the permeation field test kit is based on a gravimetric method. This involves placing a small amount of test chemical in the permeation cup, and weighing the assembled cup. The cup is then removed from the balance and placed on a stand in an inverted position, so that the chemical is in direct contact with the material. The stand allows air to flow across the surface of the material to remove permeating vapor. Periodic weighings are conducted for approximately one hour or other established test period. Cup assembly weight loss data can then be used to determine the permeation resistance of the tested material. Prototype kits were evaluated by the U.S. Fire Administration for their application in hazardous chemical emergency response. Evaluations were conducted at four fire department locations; Sacramento, California; Prince George's County, Maryland; Phoenix, Arizona; and Del Ray Beach, Florida. Each location presented a different set of climatic conditions in terms of humidity and temperature. The test matrix consisted of five chemicals and five materials. Chemicals were chosen to represent a range of volatility while clothing materials were sampled from different types of garments. Triplicate tests were conducted for each material-chemical combination. Improvements were successively made in the kit's design and procedures and also evaluated during the study. The results were analyzed for intrasite and intersite variation as well as being compared to laboratory test data. The study demonstrated the utility of the kit in emergency response applications. Observations from this and related studies have indicated a number of changes to additional applications, changes to kit design, and methods for interpreting the data.

Download or read book Approaches to Predicting the Cumulative Permeation of Chemicals Through Protective Clothing Polymers written by R. Goydan and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaches for predicting the permeation resistance of chemical protective clothing polymers were investigated and assessed for accuracy and applicability to the Premanufacture Notification (PMN) review process of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Toxic Substances (OTS). The approaches emphasize the prediction of cumulative permeation and include: (1) a predictive model based on Fickian diffusion theory and (2) test methods for directly assessing permeation resistance.

Download or read book Standard Practice for Chemical Permeation Through Protective Clothing Materials written by American Society for Testing Materials and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Decontamination of Fluoropolymer Barrier Based Chemical Protective Clothing written by CR. Dodgen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combined modelling and testing program was undertaken to quantify the effectiveness of a common field decontamination procedure used on protective clothing constructed of a fluoropolymer barrier-based material. Variables such as vapor pressure, water solubility, and the ability of the chemical to permeate the composite were used to select a battery of test chemicals. Sample material specimens were exposed to selected chemicals, washed with hot soapy water and allowed to aerate. Offgassing rates were measured during aeration and used in models developed to simulate different possible exposure scenarios which were then compared to industrial hygiene toxicity measures. After aeration, the samples were analyzed using solvent extraction and gas chromatography to identify residual contamination. Subsequent permeation tests were performed for a subset of the chemicals to determine possible changes in material chemical resistance following prior chemical exposure and decontamination. The results of this testing show that chemical offgassing from the material and residual chemical remaining in the material were below levels which could pose harm to suit wearers. The most important criteria in determining the safety associated with decontamination were found to be the chemical toxicity and the nature of the chemical contact.

Download or read book CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters written by Allan F.M. Barton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, Second Edition, which includes 17 new sections and 40 new data tables, incorporates information from a vast amount of material published over the last ten years. The volume is based on a bibliography of 2,900 reports, including 1,200 new citations. The detailed, careful construction of the handbook develops the concept of solubility parameters from empirical, thermodynamic, and molecular points of view and demonstrates their application to liquid, gas, solid, and polymer systems.

Download or read book Extrusion written by Harold F. Giles Jr and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Extrusion is designed to aid operators, engineers, and managers in extrusion processing in quickly answering practical day-to-day questions. The first part of the book provides the fundamental principles, for operators and engineers, of polymeric materials extrusion processing in single and twin screw extruders. The next section covers advanced topics including troubleshooting, auxiliary equipment, and coextrusion for operators, engineers, and managers. The final part provides applications case studies in key areas for engineers such as compounding, blown film, extrusion blow molding, coating, foam, and reprocessing. This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. Detailed reference data are provided on such important operating conditions as temperatures, start-up procedures, shear rates, pressure drops, and safety. A practical guide to the selection, design and optimization of extrusion processes and equipment Designed to improve production efficiency and product quality Focuses on practical fault analysis and troubleshooting techniques

Download or read book Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering written by Enrico Drioli and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-07-09 with total page 1528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering, Four Volume Set covers all aspects of membrane science and technology - from basic phenomena to the most advanced applications and future perspectives. Modern membrane engineering is critical to the development of process-intensification strategies and to the stimulation of industrial growth. The work presents researchers and industrial managers with an indispensable tool toward achieving these aims. Covers membrane science theory and economics, as well as applications ranging from chemical purification and natural gas enrichment to potable water Includes contributions and case studies from internationally recognized experts and from up-and-coming researchers working in this multi-billion dollar field Takes a unique, multidisciplinary approach that stimulates research in hybrid technologies for current (and future) life-saving applications (artificial organs, drug delivery)