Download or read book Selecting Pavement Marking Materials Based on Service Life Final Report written by C. T. Van Vechten and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selecting Pavement Marking Materials Based on Service Life written by C. Thomas Van Vechten and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selecting pavement marking amterials base don service life written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long term Pavement Marking Practices written by James Migletz and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2002 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 306: Long-Term Pavement Marking Practices documents the current and best practices for managing pavement marking systems, identifies future needs, and addresses driver needs and methods of communicating information to drivers, selection criteria (e.g., reflectivity, pavement service life, wet weather performance), materials (e.g., color, durability, cost), specifications, construction practices, inventory management systems, and more.

Download or read book Determining the Effectiveness of Pavement Marking Materials written by Benjamin H. Cottrell and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to determine the safety, motorist opinion, and cost-effectiveness of pavement marking materials used by the Virginia Department of Transportation and to develop guidelines, where possible, as to when each type of material should be used. Interstate and primary road segments that had been remarked with a different type of pavement marking material were identified to perform a before-and-after accident analysis. When possible, segments that were remarked using the same pavement marking material were included to provide comparison sections. The number of sites and accident count data were insufficient to support a finding that the use of a particular pavement marking material reduces the number of target accidents. The results of a motorist survey indicated that the participating drivers were more satisfied with pavement markings with higher retroreflectivity values than those with lower values. Participating drivers over the age of 65 were generally less satisfied with the brightness of the pavement markings than were participating drivers under the age of 65. Using a large contract for paint was the most cost-effective for two-lane roads under most volume conditions and four- and six-lane low-volume roads. Using polyurea and a large contract for paint were the most cost-effective for high-volume two- and four-lane roads. Polyurea and waffle tape were the more cost-effective durable markings for high-volume six-lane roads. Changes in the use of pavement markings were recommended. Specifically, the Virginia Department of Transportation should (1) consider increasing the use of large paint contracts and minimizing its use of small paint contracts when possible; (2) consider a performance-based specification for durable markings; (3) continue consideration of a holistic approach for pavement management and markings, and (4) re-evaluate its pavement marking policy and include the recommendations of this study.

Download or read book Determining the Longevity and Service Life of Pavement Marking Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pavement Markings written by John M. Dale and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 1988 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to maintenance engineers, traffic engineers, materials engineers, and others concerned with pavement- marking materials. Information is presented on the various types of traffic-marking materials being used by states to obtain extended service life. Enormous quantities of paint, thermoplastics, glass beads, raised markers, and other materials are used every year to mark the highways of the United States. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the need for markings, preparation of the pavement surface, and the various types of paint, thermoplastic, thermosets, tapes, and raised markers in current use.

Download or read book Service Life and Cost of Pavement Marking Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Selected Transportation Assets written by Michael J. Markow and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2007 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NCHRP synthesis 371 explores the state of the practice for managing transportation infrastructure assets other than pavements and bridges, and documents gaps in knowledge and areas in need of potential further study.

Download or read book Durability and Retro Reflectivity of Pavement Markings Synthesis Study written by Yi Jiang and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne paints are used to paint pavement markings (edgelines and centerlines) to provide guidance for motorists. The painted markings need to be repainted periodically as their retro-reflectivity deteriorates. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) repaints pavement markings at least annually. INDOT engineers would like to determine the feasibility of extending the time intervals of repainting pavement markings on at least some types of roadways. The purpose of this synthesis study is to accomplish the following: (1) to locate and assemble documented information on pavement marking durability; (2) to learn what criteria have been used in other states in measuring retro-reflectivity and scheduling pavement marking painting; (3) to determine the necessity of conducting full scale study on INDOT pavement markings; (4) to identify the type and cost of equipment required for retro-reflectivity measurements and conditions of operation of the equipment; (5) to organize, evaluate, and document the useful information that is acquired; and (6) to provide recommendations based on the evaluated information. This report presents the findings of the synthesis study on various pavement marking materials. It was found in this study that many state highway agencies have evaluated several types of pavement marking materials. The evaluation results include performance, cost, service life, and retro-reflectivity measuring equipment of marking materials. However, the results could vary from different sates. The information gathered through this study will provide INDOT engineers the state-of-practice of pavement marking materials in this country.

Download or read book Development of a Pavement Marking Material Matrix for ODOT District 11 written by Ala R. Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was initiated by ODOT to evaluate the performance of four pavement marking materials (fast dry traffic paint, polyester, extruded thermoplastic and epoxy) in order to determine which materials are most suitable for the environmental and traffic conditions in ODOT District 11, which contains mostly rural roads with relatively low traffic levels (ADT less than 5,000 vehicles per day) and some areas of mountainous terrain. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the performance of fast dry traffic paint and polyester as restriping materials; however, epoxy and thermoplastic were included in the evaluation for comparison purposes. The four materials were installed at 11 test sites distributed across the district on two-lane and four-lane highways having a variety of pavement types, pavement geometries, and traffic volumes. The performance of the pavement markings was evaluated in the field for a period of two years in terms of dry retroreflectivity, daytime color, and durability. Laboratory test procedures were also included to examine the quality of the glass beads used in this study. The field performance results were analyzed to determine the service life of the various marking materials. In addition, the results were used to estimate the life cycle cost of these materials and develop a material selection matrix for use in District 11. Based on the outcome of this study, it was recommended that District 11 continue to use epoxy on new asphalt and concrete surfaces and to use traffic paint for restriping applications. For two-lane roads with asphalt surfaces, it was recommended to restripe the edge lines every two years and restripe the centerlines every year. On selected roads with sharp curves that slope towards the Ohio River, it was recommended to restripe the centerlines as well as the edge lines on an annual basis to avoid run-off road crashes. For multi-lane roads with asphalt surfaces, it was recommended to restripe locations with low traffic and good pavement condition every two years and restripe all lines at locations with high traffic (ADT greater than or equal to 10,000 vehicles per day) or rough pavement condition (pavement condition rating (PCR) less than 80) every year. For all roads with concrete surfaces, it was recommended to restripe all lines every year regardless of the traffic level and pavement condition. One material that is increasingly being used in Ohio for striping and restriping applications on asphalt surfaces is spray thermoplastic. This material was not included in this study because it is not compatible with epoxy, which was previously installed on several of the test sites prior to the beginning of this project. Some districts reported favorable results from using spray thermoplastic. Therefore, District 11 is encouraged to look into using this less expensive material as an alternative for epoxy markings on new asphalt surfaces. It should be emphasized that the previous recommendations are specific to District 11 and may not be applicable to other ODOT districts due to variations in traffic levels, environmental conditions, and pavement marking material selection practices.

Download or read book Permanent Concrete Pavement Markings written by David Darwin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The visibility, durability, and cost-effectiveness of surface pavement markings and previous experience with permanent concrete paving markings (PCPM) (markings with a service life similar to that of the pavement) are described. The use of durable materials, such as thermoplastics, polyesters, and epoxies, improves the service life of surface markings. However, these marking materials still exhibit problems of adhesion to pavement and rapid wear in high traffic areas. Snow removal procedures significantly reduce marking service life. Wet nighttime visibility is a continuing problem with surface markings. Previous attempts at developing PCPM have produced systems with very good durability, but poor nighttime visibility. The potential for developing cost-effective PCPM systems that can provide both long-term durability and adequate visibility throughout the service life and the requirements for such systems are discussed. Polymers, such as epoxies, can provide superior durability and adhesion to pavement. The application of larger than standard size glass beads can improve wet nighttime visibility. The cost of PCPM systems can be significantly reduced using effective methods of placing grooves in which the marking material is placed. Generally, there is a good probability that a cost-effective PCPM system with satisfactory durability and visibility can be developed. The PCPM systems with thicknesses of 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) or less will be cost-effective for a 20-year service life, and the systems with thicknesses of 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) or less will be cost-effective for a 10-year service life.

Download or read book Evaluation and Modeling of Pavement Marking Characteristics Based on Laboratory and Field Data written by Maged M. Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drivers rely on the visibility of pavement markings to maintain a safe road path especially during nighttime and challenging weather conditions. With the growing demand for pavement marking materials, durability and long-term weatherability of these products is critical. Current performance evaluation methodology using field test-deck protocols requires significant time and resources, and under these protocols the performance of a pavement marking can be monitored for a period of up to three years. In addition, safety-related issues such as exposing technical staff to road hazards while applying the marking materials and collecting measurements, along with road closure consequences, are of concern. The primary goals of this research were to develop an accelerated laboratory-based procedure that could evaluate the performance of pavement markings, overcome the shortcomings of current evaluation practice, and investigate the safety performance of pavement markings based on existing crash data and results from a driver simulation study. For the laboratory-based procedure, a three-wheel polisher device (TWPD) and xenon arc chamber (XAC) were employed to replicate varying traffic, snowplowing, and weather conditions. The deterioration of the physical measurements (i.e., dry and wet retroreflectivity, color change, and durability) of waterborne and thermoplastic markings was modeled. All of the performance measures logarithmically deteriorated under different TWPD loadings, except for the durability of the thermoplastic markings which followed a linear degradation function. A significant reduction in percent retroreflectivity was observed in the initial part of the TWPD testing but leveled out as the number of cycles increased. This deterioration pattern is similar to what occurs in the field, as retroreflectivity dramatically decreases after the first few months of installation and then stabilizes before the end of its service life. On the other hand, a linear increase in retroreflectivity and color change occurred during the artificial weathering exposure time (i.e. 2,000 hours) due to the change in surface physical properties. The color analysis revealed an important relationship between pavement marking retroreflectivity and color change. After traffic loading, all colors darkened due to the exposure of the black asphaltic color or the abrasion of the upper layer of marking, and in turn retroreflected less light while different color change patterns were experienced under the artificial weathering. The color analysis results showed that when a color closely resembles white, the sample retroreflected more light. The TWPD and weatherometer effectively simulated and accelerated the operational and environmental effects (e.g., traffic, snowplowing, sunlight, moisture, and temperature) so that assessment of pavement marking performance could be completed in an abbreviated time frame. The results yielded a significant relationship between all performance measures assessed in both the laboratory and field. Evaluating the performance of pavement marking products using an accelerated laboratory-based procedure provides a department of transportation (DOT) with a flexible tool to cope with the rapidly evolving industry through the establishment of guidelines that might be used for the selection and maintenance of the pavement markings. This procedure can be used to compare different marking materials and assess marking materials whether they bear severe traffic operating conditions or harsh climates before implementation in short period of time. To assess the safety performance of pavement markings, specifically on two-way, two-lane rural roads which are common in the state of Idaho, two separate approaches were adopted. First, a crash analysis study over eight years (2010-2017) on rural roads in Idaho was conducted to understand the relationship between retroreflectivity deterioration of edgelines and crash occurrence. Field retroreflectivity data for waterborne edgeline markings from thirty-eight sites were collected and modeled over twelve months across six districts with different environmental conditions. The results yielded a logarithmic relationship between retroreflectivity and age, and pavement markings in districts subjected to higher ground snow loads deteriorated faster than those with lower ground snow loads. This faster deterioration trend in northern districts was attributed to winter maintenance activities and harsh weather. Even though, a clear statistical pattern was determined for District 1, which was subjected to the higher ground snow loads among all districts, the methodology used in this study could not definitively conclude that crash rate increased with lower edgeline retroreflectivity. Second, a study using the University of Idaho's driving simulator was implemented to evaluate the safety effects of different edgeline pavement marking widths (e.g., 4-inch and 6-inch) and deteriorations (e.g., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% deterioration) on driver behavior. The results indicated that statistically significant differences were observed during nighttime conditions when comparing the driver's lane deviation (vehicle's lateral position) between the wider 6-inch longitudinal edgeline pavement markings and standard 4-inch edgeline marking. Drivers consistently maintained a lane position that slightly favored the edgeline side when exposed to a 4-inch marking and increasingly shifted away from the centerline as edgeline deterioration worsened. The results of the statistical analysis implied that 4-inch markings and severely deteriorated pavement markings cause higher variation values in driver lateral position which in turn could affect overall driver safety. This research benefits transportation agencies, particularly those sited in cold-weather regions, by enabling them to predict the deterioration of marking materials and assist in the scheduling of maintenance marking projects to maximize the operational and safety benefits of the existing material. This research also make recommendations with regard to a minimum retroreflectivity threshold that should be maintained for pavement markings of two-way, two-lane rural roads and the use of wide pavement markings.

Download or read book Pavement Marking Materials written by Anthony L. Andrady and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Semi Parametric Modeling of Pavement Marking Visibility Degradation written by Sudhakar Sathyanarayanan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core objective of this research is to provide a methodology for obtaining guidance based on empirical evidences on pavement marking replacement times. This dissertation investigates the degradation process of pavement marking visibility over time in the United States using semi-parametric family of duration models. Specifically, a methodological framework to analyze typical pavement making visibility inspection data was formulated. The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program datasets pertaining to water based paints from a total of nine testing locations in the states of Alabama, Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Minnesota, Texas, and Wisconsin were used for the purpose of this investigation. From a methodological standpoint this research suggests that mid-point imputation is reasonable to approximate interval level failure data. Furthermore, the elapsed time model seemed to exploit the empirical pattern of event dependence among multiple marking samples on an experimental deck better than the gap-time model. This suggests that event dependence exists and degradation of the pavement marking visibility is more simultaneous than sequential.

Download or read book Comparative Analysis of NTPEP Pavement Marking Performance Evaluation Results written by Songquan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Pavement markings are used on roadways to provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. They include longitudinal markings (centerlines, lane lines, and edge lines), transverse markings (stop lines, yield lines, and crosswalk markings), and special markings (arrows, words, symbol markings, red or blue raised pavement markers, cross-hatching, dotted lines, reversible lane markings, two-way left turn lane markings, speed hump markings, and parking space markings). They come in different configurations and designs, making it possible for drivers and pedestrians to instantly recognize the meanings of the markings and quickly react to them so that they can travel safely and efficiently along the roadway. A wide range of marking materials are available, including traffic paints (solvent-base and water-base), polyester, thermoplastic, epoxy, modified urethane, polyurea, methyl methacrylate, preformed thermoplastic, and preformed tape. These materials vary in cost, effectiveness in providing a contrast in color from that of the underlying surface, visibility under adverse weather conditions such as rain and fog, adherence to different pavement surfaces, and durability under different traffic and environmental conditions. This research presents a comparative and statistical analysis study of pavement marking materials from the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP). The performance of seven types of pavement markings (thermoplastic, preformed thermoplastic, epoxy, polyurea, modified urethane, durable tapes, and methyl methacrylate) was compared based on retroreflectivity, durability, and color. These materials were selected from four different NTPEP test decks (Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Utah). The performance evaluation results were compared to preselected milestone performance criteria. In addition, their service life was predicted using four mathematical models (exponential, linear, power and natural logarithmic model). Pavement marking service life is defined as the time required for retroreflectivity to drop to a threshold value of 150 mcd/m2/lux for yellow markings. The outcome of this study can assist state highway agencies in selecting appropriate marking materials for different needs."--Abstract.

Download or read book Report No FHWA RD written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: