Download or read book Seismic Imaging and Velocity Model Building in the Thrace Region Northwestern Turkey written by Gokhan Alkir and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this research is to apply several seismic processing and imaging techniques to a raw 3D-land dataset and examine the quality of the subsurface images. This study uses a 3D-seismic dataset in the Thrace region of northwest Turkey that was acquired by Turkish Petroleum in 2006 covering an area of approximately 146 km2. This region is primarily a gas-rich zone with drilling operations starting in the 1970s and demand continuing even now. The target zone in the region is Upper Oligocene Osmancik deltaic sandstone and minor shale. The region developed as a fore-arc basin during medial Eocene to Oligocene time. The thickness of the basin-fill deposits is estimated to be up to 9 km deep. This work applied conventional seismic data processing and imaging techniques. Kirchhoff pre-stack time and depth migration are used. Tomography approach was used to refine the velocities to get the final interval velocity. Having the final interval velocity, reverse-time migration was used. The tomographic velocity analysis was successful in yielding an accurate interval velocity. After application of all these imaging methods, I found that the RTM gave the best image of the subsurface. I was able to estimate the hydrocarbon reservoir at 1500 - 2200 m. The shot pattern used for this survey for station and shot distances along the receiver and shot lines may be too large for the purpose of imaging at this depth.
Download or read book Seismic Imaging and Velocity Model Building with the Linearized Eikonal Equation and Upwind Finite differences written by Siwei Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ray theory plays an important role in seismic imaging and velocity model building. Although rays are the high-frequency asymptotic solutions of the wave equation and therefore do not usually capture all details of the wave physics, they provide a convenient and effective tool for a wide range of geophysical applications. Especially, ray theory gives rise to traveltimes. Even though wave-based methods for imaging and model building had attracted significant attentions in recent years, traveltime- based methods are still indispensable and should be further developed for improved accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, there are possibilities for new ray theoretical methods that might address the difficulties faced by conventional traveltime-based approaches. My thesis consists of mainly four parts. In the first part, starting from the linearized eikonal equation, I derive and implement a set of linear operators by upwind finite-differences. These operators are not only consistent with fast-marching eikonal solver that I use for traveltime computation but also computationally efficient. They are fundamental elements in the numerical implementations of my other works. Next, I investigate feasibility of using the double-square-root eikonal equation for near surface first-break traveltime tomography. Compared with traditional eikonal-based approach, where the gradient in its adjoint-state tomography neglects information along the shot dimension, my method handles all shots together. I show that the double-square-root eikonal equation can be solved efficiently by a causal discretization scheme. The associated adjoint-state tomography is then realized by linearization and upwind finite-differences. My implementation does not need adjoint state as an intermediate parameter for the gradient and therefore the overall cost for one linearization update is relatively inexpensive. Numerical examples demonstrate stable and fast convergence of the proposed method. Then, I develop a strategy for compressing traveltime tables in Kirchhoff depth migration. The method is based on differentiating the eikonal equation in the source position, which can be easily imple- mented along with the fast-marching method. The resulting eikonal-based traveltime source-derivative relies on solving a version of the linearized eikonal equation, which is carried out by the upwind finite-differences operator. The source-derivative enables an accurate Hermite interpolation. I also show how the method can be straightforwardly integrated in anti-aliasing and Kirchhoff redatuming. Finally, I revisit the classical problem of time-to-depth conversion. In the presence of lateral velocity variations, the conversion requires recovering geometrical spreading of the image rays. I recast the governing ill-posed problem in an optimization framework and solve it iteratively. Several upwind finite-differences linear operators are combined to implement the algorithm. The major advantage of my optimization-based time-to-depth conversion is its numerical stability. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate practical applicability of the new approach.
Download or read book Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East written by Nicholas Ambraseys and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 2571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines historical evidence from the last 2000 years to analyse earthquakes in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Early chapters review techniques of historical seismology, while the main body of the book comprises a catalogue of more than 4000 earthquakes identified from historical sources. Each event is supported by textual evidence extracted from primary sources and translated into English. Covering southern Rumania, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq, the book documents past seismic events, places them in a broad tectonic framework, and provides essential information for those attempting to prepare for, and mitigate the effects of, future earthquakes and tsunamis in these countries. This volume is an indispensable reference for researchers studying the seismic history of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, including archaeologists, historians, earth scientists, engineers and earthquake hazard analysts. A parametric catalogue of these seismic events can be downloaded from www.cambridge.org/9780521872928.
Download or read book The Conservation Biology of Tortoises written by IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1989 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey written by Catherine Kuzucuoğlu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on Turkish geomorphology offers location descriptions, based on their dynamics and evolution processes, including hydrology, tectonics, volcanism, slopes, coasts, ice/snow, and wind. It presents landforms as a result of evolution (Quaternary, Holocene, historic) and in relation to the elements determining and/or impacting this evolution (vegetation, soil, hydrology, geology, climate, sea level and human action) as well as the resulting landscapes. Richly illustrated with pictures from each site, including geomorphological maps and sections, it explains the risks associated with the geomorphological dynamics (on local and global scales), natural and/or cultural heritage (archaeology, prehistory, history, architectural specifications adapted to the landscape), as well as challenges for human society (endangered landscape, protection/conservation rules/statutes, posters/paintings.).
Download or read book Seismotectonics of Active Faults written by Zacharia Njuguna Kuria and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Blue Book on Geothermal Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Aegean Sea 2000 written by Bayram Öztürk and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries written by Andreas N. Angelakis and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the technological developments relevant to water supply and wastewater date back to more than to five thousand years ago. These developments were driven by the necessity to make efficient use of natural resources, to make civilizations more resistant to destructive natural elements, and to improve the standards of life, both at public and private level. Rapid technological progress in the 20th century created a disregard for past sanitation and wastewater and stormwater technologies that were considered to be far behind the present ones. A great deal of unresolved problems in the developing world related to the wastewater management principles, such as the decentralization of the processes, the durability of the water projects, the cost effectiveness, and sustainability issues, such as protection from floods and droughts were intensified to an unprecedented degree. New problems have arisen such as the contamination of surface and groundwater. Naturally, intensification of unresolved problems has led to the reconsideration of successful past achievements. This retrospective view, based on archaeological, historical, and technical evidence, has shown two things: the similarity of physicochemical and biological principles with the present ones and the advanced level of wastewater engineering and management practices. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries presents and discusses the major achievements in the scientific fields of sanitation and hygienic water use systems throughout the millennia, and compares the water technological developments in several civilizations. It provides valuable insights into ancient wastewater and stormwater management technologies with their apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability to the environment, and sustainability. These technologies are the underpinning of modern achievements in sanitary engineering and wastewater management practices. It is the best proof that “the past is the key for the future”. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses of Water Resources, Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Ancient History, Archaeology, Environmental Management and is also a valuable resource for all researchers in the these fields. Authors: Andreas N. Angelakis, Institute of Iraklion, Iraklion, Greece and Joan B. Rose, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Download or read book The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia written by Tuncay Taymaz and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains current results and ideas regarding the geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia.
Download or read book Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures VIII written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to protect the built environment in earthquake-prone regions of the world It is important to retrofit and rehabilitate existing structures and infrastructure, as well as to ensure the optimal design and construction of new facilities. The high stakes in human life and property in urban densely populated urban areas has been driving research on advances in this field. These advances are presented biennially at a conference organized by the Wessex Institute of Technology. This book contains the papers from the latest conference in the series, which began in 1991. The papers cover Geographical and geotechnical engineering; Seismic hazard and vulnerability; Seismic isolation and energy dissipation; Structural dynamics; Building performance during earthquakes; Retrofitting; Lifelines; Material mechanics and characterisation; Nonlinear numerical analysis; Performance based design; Experimental studies; Safety and security; and Innovative technologies.
Download or read book Reservoir Characterization written by Larry Lake and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Characterization is a collection of papers presented at the Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference, held at the Westin Hotel-Galleria in Dallas on April 29-May 1, 1985. Conference held April 29-May 1, 1985, at the Westin Hotel—Galleria in Dallas. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the Prudhoe Bay field. The subsequent chapters are devoted to determination of reservoir properties, such as porosity, mineral occurrence, and permeability variation estimation. The discussion then shifts to the utility of a Bayesian-type formalism to delineate qualitative ""soft"" information and expert interpretation of reservoir description data. This topic is followed by papers concerning reservoir simulation, parameter assignment, and method of calculation of wetting phase relative permeability. This text also deals with the role of discontinuous vertical flow barriers in reservoir engineering. The last chapters focus on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil reservoir. Petroleum engineers, scientists, and researchers will find this book of great value.
Download or read book Historical Seismology written by Julien Fréchet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern seismology has faced new challenges in the study of earthquakes and their physical characteristics. This volume is dedicated to the use of new approaches and presents a state-of-the-art in historical seismology. Selected historical and recent earthquakes are chosen to document and constrain related seismic parameters using updated methodologies in the macroseismic analysis, field observations of damage distribution and tectonic effects, and modelling of seismic waveforms.
Download or read book Continental Deformation written by Paul L. Hancock and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains clearly and concisely the essential attributes of new concepts that have arisen during the last twenty years in structural geology and tectonics. Deformational and tectonic processes and relationships on all scales are discussed. Site or time specific assemblages are not emphasised with the exceptions of Archaean tectonics and neotectonics. The new nomenclature that has proliferated as a result of the need to express new ideas is highlighted.
Download or read book Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea written by M.D. Simmons and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Black Sea remains one of the largest underexplored rift basins in the world. Future success is dependent on a better understanding of a number of geological uncertainties. These include reservoir and source rock presence and quality, and the timing of migration of hydrocarbons relative to trap formation. An appreciation of the geological history of the Black Sea basins and the surrounding orogens is therefore key. The timing of basin formation, uplift of the margins, and of facies distribution remain issues for robust debate. This Special Publication presents the results of 15 studies that relate to the tectono-stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the Black Sea. The methodologies of these studies encompass crustal structure, geodynamic evolution, stratigraphy and its regional correlation, petroleum systems, source to sink, hydrocarbon habitat and play concepts, and reviews of past exploration. They provide insight into the many ongoing controversies concerning Black Sea regional geology and provide a better understanding of the geological risks that must be considered for future hydrocarbon exploration.
Download or read book Building Knowledge for Geohazard Assessment and Management in the Caucasus and other Orogenic Regions written by Fabio Luca Bonali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of art of research related to geo-related hazards in the Caucasus and other orogenic regions; it is also devoted to shedding light on a broad array of geological phenomena as well as discussing innovative tools and strategies for geohazard assessment. Additional emphasis is placed on preventive and mitigation measures, which might be helpful in tackling seismic, volcanic and landslide risks affecting major lifelines and infrastructures. The innovative, multidisciplinary methodologies illustrated in this volume may be successfully applied to other orogenic regions across the globe. The book features major scientific contributions from experts working on different Earth Science topics, such as seismology, structural geology, applied geology and volcanology. Its chapters describe a wide gamut of cutting-edge research methodologies and are thus intended to be read and shared by the worldwide Earth Science community. In particular, the readers will have a chance to gain a thorough knowledge of a number of key geological features that can be observed across both the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. Moreover, the volume provides a thorough description of the techniques employed to assess seismic hazard in major cities - such as microzonation - and an overview of the efforts taken to monitor and prevent seismic and landslide hazard posed to vital energy infrastructures in the Caucasus region.
Download or read book Wind Energy and Wildlife Impacts written by Regina Bispo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-art overview of the significant advances in understanding the impacts of wind energy on wildlife. However, many challenges remain regarding planning and policy, assessment of direct and indirect effects on wildlife, methodological approaches, technology development, and mitigation strategies and their effectiveness. The book comprises a selection of the best contributions presented at the 4th Conference on Wind energy and Wildlife impacts, held in Estoril, Portugal, 2017. The contents promote the international cooperation among researchers, developers, regulators and stakeholders that have contributed to building knowledge on this topic.
