Download or read book Seismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks Located in Areas Accessible to the Public written by Federal Emergency Agency and published by FEMA. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades, the number of large public warehouse stores (often referred to as big-box stores) across the nation has grown significantly, changing both consumer buying habits and the public's risk of injury during earthquakes. During an earthquake, occupant safety in a big-box store depends on both the structural performance of the building and on the performance of the storage racks and their contents. Earthquake ground motions can cause storage racks to collapse or overturn if they are not properly designed, installed, maintained, and loaded. In addition, goods stored on the racks may spill or topple off. Both occurrences pose a life-safety risk to the exposed shopping public. The immediate stimulus for the project that resulted in this report was a 2003 request from the State of Washington to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for guidance concerning the life-safety risk posed by the storage racks in publicly accessible areas of retail stores, especially the risk of rack collapse of loss of stored goods during an earthquake. FEMA asked the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) to develop the requested guidance. To do so, the BSSC established a Rack Project Task Group composed of practicing engineers, storage rack designers, researchers, representatives of the Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI) and the Retail Industry Leaders Association, and members of applicable technical subcommittees responsible for updating the NEHRP Recommended Provisions. In developing this guidance document, the Task Group focused primarily on steel single selective pallet storage racks. It reviewed available information on storage rack performance during earthquakes and the background on the development of standards and code requirements for storage racks; assessed seismic requirements for storage racks and current practices with respect to rack design, maintenance and operations, quality assurance, and post-earthquake inspections; and examined available research and testing data. Based on its study, the Task Group developed short-term recommendations to improve current practice and formulated long-term recommendations to serve as the basis for improved standards documents such as the NEHRP Recommended Provisions, ASCE 7, and the RMI-developed storage rack specification. Over the near term, the Task Group recommends that the 2003 NEHRP Recommended Provisions requirements for steel single selective pallet storage rack design be followed and that connections be checked in accordance with a procedure to be developed by RMI. The Task Group also recommends that additional guidance presented in this report be voluntarily adopted by store owners and operators. Further, given the fact that maintenance and use of storage racks is a key element to their acceptable performance during earthquakes, store owners and operators should adopt an appropriate quality assurance plan; as a minimum, the best self-imposed practices of store owners and operators should be maintained. The Task Group's primary long-term recommendation is that the RMI specification be brought into conformance with the 2003 NEHRP Recommended Provisions, which is the basis for seismic requirements found in current seismic design standards and model building codes. The Task Group also recommends that optional performance-based and limit state procedures and component cyclic testing procedures be incorporated into the RMI-developed specification. Compliance with these procedures will demonstrate that the storage racks have the capacity to resist maximum considered earthquake ground motions without collapse. It also is recommended that regulatory bodies periodically review the quality assurance programs of stores and implement any regulations needed to satisfy life-safety concerns that relate to the securing of rack contents and rack maintenance and use.
Download or read book Seismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks Located in Areas Accessible to the Public written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of FEMA Earthquake Resources written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by FEMA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seismic Behavior of Steel Storage Pallet Racking Systems written by Carlo Andrea Castiglioni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-04 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the main outcomes of the first European research project on the seismic behavior of adjustable steel storage pallet racking systems. In particular, it describes a comprehensive and unique set of full-scale tests designed to assess such behavior. The tests performed include cyclic tests of full-scale rack components, namely beam-to-upright connections and column base connections; static and dynamic tests to assess the friction factor between pallets and rack beams; full-scale pushover and pseudodynamic tests of storage racks in down-aisle and cross-aisle directions; and full-scale dynamic tests on two-bay, three-level rack models. The implications of the findings of this extensive testing regime on the seismic behavior of racking systems are discussed in detail, highlighting e.g. the confirmation that under severe dynamic conditions “sliding” is the main factor influencing rack response. This work was conceived during the development of the SEISRACKS project. Its outcomes will contribute significantly to increasing our knowledge of the structural behavior of racks under earthquake conditions and should inform future rack design.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Indian Structural Steel Conference 2020 Vol 1 written by Mahendrakumar Madhavan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-16 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the Indian Structural Steel Conference (ISSC 2020). The topics cover state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in structural engineering, and latest research in structural modeling and design. Novel analytical, computational and experimental techniques, proposal of new structural systems, innovative methods for maintenance, rehabilitation, and monitoring of existing structures, and investigation of the properties of engineering materials as related to structural behavior are presented in the book. This book will be very useful for structural engineers, researchers, and consultants interested in sustainable materials and steel construction.
Download or read book FEMA Publications Catalog written by Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by FEMA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NEHRP Recommenede Provisions Design Examples written by and published by FEMA. This book was released on with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Are We Prepared written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2022 Eurasian OpenSees Days written by Fabio Di Trapani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-19 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of structural and geotechnical engineering, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 2nd Eurasian Conference on OpenSees—Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (EOS), held in Turin, Italy, on July 7–8, 2022. The conference was meant to give an overview on the latest developments made with the OpenSees framework as well as to present research and practical outcomes in which OpenSees plays an important role. Conference topics cover cutting-edge applications of OpenSees in the field of structural and geotechnical engineering, the development of new elements and materials, and also the development of new pre- and post-processors. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.
Download or read book Design and Development of a Seismic Isolation System for Commercial Storage Rack written by Robert Joseph Michael and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past forty years, the number of large retail stores (often referred to as big-box stores) has grown significantly. These stores incorporate steel pallet storage racks loaded with heavy merchandise which pose a life-safety risk to the exposed general public during a seismic event. A base isolation system compatible with conventional racks is designed and developed which provides seismic isolation primarily in the cross-aisle direction. The new patented base isolation system provides seismic isolation by incorporating heavily damped elastomeric bearings (referred to here as seismic mounts) and low-friction bearing plates. The objective of the base isolation system is to reduce horizontal accelerations of the rack to eliminate product shedding and structural damage during a major earthquake without interfering with normal, day-to-day material handling operations. Full scale shake table testing show the new base isolation system meets the performance objectives recommended in the FEMA-460 document zSeismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks Located in Areas Accessible to the Publicy for both life safety under the Design Earthquake (DE) and for collapse prevention under the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). Special heavily damped (HD) butyl compounds are developed and utilized in the seismic mounts. These compounds are statically and dynamically characterized which provides input data for numerical studies. Non-linear hyperelastic material models are developed and used with finite element analysis to design various base isolation systems. Several of these new base isolation systems are optimized to achieve characteristics that expand their use from lightly loaded racks to heavily loaded racks. Designs are further optimized based on feedback from shake table testing and transient structural analysis. The new base isolation system is evaluated by uniaxial and triaxial shake table tests performed at the Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) at the University of Buffalo (UB). Three phases of testing were performed on steel pallet storage racks both directly anchored (conventional) and with the new base isolation system. Tests were performed with both simulated and real merchandise. The results of the seismic tests demonstrate the improved structural performance of rack structures incorporating the new base isolation system. Cross-aisle absolute accelerations and inter-story drifts of the base isolated rack structure are reduced by more than 70% compared to the same rack conventionally anchored at its base. Numerical simulations (transient structural, finite element analysis) are presented comparing storage rack response against tests performed on the tri-axial shake table. The simulations agree with experimental test results within 20%. The simulation model is used to determine optimal seismic isolation parameters that satisfy the practical range of rack shelf loads and configurations expected in typical warehouse and store installations.
Download or read book Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico Mazzolani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 1667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas comprises the latest progress in both theoretical and experimental research on the behaviour of steel structures in seismic areas. The book presents the most recent trends in the field of steel structures in seismic areas, with particular reference to the utilisation of multi-level performance bas
Download or read book Earthquake Spectra written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earthquake Engineering written by Nazzal S. Armouti and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2012 International Building Code Handbook written by Douglas W. Thornburg and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A COMPLETE, FULL-COLOR GUIDE TO THE 2012 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE Updated to reflect the International Code Council 2012 International Building Code, this time-saving resource makes it easy to understand and apply complex IBC requirements and achieve compliance. More than 600 full-color illustrations help to clarify the application and intent of many code provisions, with an emphasis on the structural and fire- and life-safety provisions. The 2012 International Building Code Handbook provides the information you need to get construction jobs done right, on time, and up to the requirements of the 2012 IBC. Achieve Full Compliance with the 2012 IBC: Scope and Administration Definitions Use and Occupancy Classification Special Detailed Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy General Building Heights and Areas Types of Construction Fire and Smoke Protection Features Interior Finishes Fire Protection Systems Means of Egress Accessibility Interior Environment Exterior Walls Roof Assemblies and Rooftop Structures Structural Loads and Design Special Inspections and Tests Soils and Foundations Concrete Aluminum Masonry Steel Wood Glass and Glazing Gypsum Board and Plaster Plastic Plumbing Fixture Count Elevators and Conveying Systems Special Construction Encroachments in the Public Right-of-Way Safeguards During Construction Existing Structures Referenced Standards
Download or read book Significant Changes to the International Building Code written by Douglas W. Thornburg and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2009 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable resource for anyone who uses the International Building Code (IBC), this book offers a comprehensive yet practical analysis of the critical changes made between the 2006 and 2009 editions of the Code. Each change is first identified and then expanded upon with in-depth discussions of how it affects real-world applications of the 2009 IBC. Coverage reflects both structural and nonstructural provisions with special significance, including new and innovative design ideas and technologies, modern materials and methods of construction, and current approaches to fire safety, life safety, and structural stability. Useful to architects, engineers, inspectors, building and fire department personnel, and countless others in the construction industry, it is a "must-have" guide to the many important changes in the 2009 International Building Code.
Download or read book Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural Earthquake Damage written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seismic Behavior of Palletized Merchandise in Steel Storage Racks written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades, the number of large public warehouse stores, also known as big-box stores, has grown significantly across the United States and Europe. Large steel storage racks are used in such facilities in order to effectively take advantage of the available space and put on display, for the shopping public, the maximum possible amount of goods. Occupant safety in these facilities during earthquake events depends both on the structural performance of the building and on the performance of the storage racks, while the performance of the racks is determined by the performance of the rack frames and the response of the stored goods. Earthquake shaking may cause pallet contents to spill or topple off racks and rack frames to collapse or overturn. Both occurrences pose a significant life-safety hazard to the exposed shopping public and, therefore, the mitigation of this hazard should be a part of the objectives of any seismic design procedure. This thesis focuses on the behavior of contents stored on steel storage racks and proposes measures for the reduction of hazards associated with content shedding. The effects, on the content response, of (i) several coefficients of friction at the interface between merchandise and rack shelves and (ii) different loading conditions of the rack, are investigated, while the concept of inclined shelves as a measure for reduction of the probability of content overturning is introduced. The concept of inclined shelves refers to back-to-back or back-to-wall rack configurations with their shelves slightly tilted towards the inside or towards the wall, respectively, and represents the anticipated tendency of the merchandise to move inwards, when in motion, due to the contribution of the weight component parallel to the inclined shelf. An analytical model describing the dynamic behavior of pallet contents on rack shelves under earthquake excitation is developed based on rigid body dynamics, Coulomb friction and Newtonian impact laws. This model is implemented in a computer code and parametric incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) studies are conducted examining the effects of coefficients of friction, loading conditions and shelf inclination on the merchandise shedding fragility. A two stage experimental study consisting of pull and shake table tests is conducted to verify the response trends identified by the parametric studies and to provide information on the calibration of the analytical model and on the validity of the assumptions made during its development. During the pull tests, loaded pallets of different weights are pulled over a rack shelf, while during the shake table tests, high intensity ground motions are imposed on the base of a single level - single bay back-to-back rack specimen. Taking advantage of the large amount of experimental data, the analytical model is extended to better capture the observed behavior and a comparison of numerically computed and experimentally measured response is performed for all tests. Finally, two parametric IDA studies are conducted using the updated analytical model. The first study investigates the effects of the inclined shelving on the content shedding fragility for the configuration used during dynamic testing, while the second study investigates the effects of the vertical component of the base excitation on the response by introducing vertical motion components in the context of incremental dynamic analysis.
