Download or read book Sedimentation Patterns in a Salt diapir Influenced Foreland Basin written by Jennifer L. Aschoff and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salt Tectonics written by Martin P. A. Jackson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt tectonics is the study of how and why salt structures evolve and the three-dimensional forms that result. A fascinating branch of geology in itself, salt tectonics is also vitally important to the petroleum industry. Covering the entire scale from the microscopic to the continental, this textbook is an unrivalled consolidation of all topics related to salt tectonics: evaporite deposition and flow, salt structures, salt systems, and practical applications. Coverage of the principles of salt tectonics is supported by more than 600 color illustrations, including 200 seismic images captured by state-of-the-art geophysical techniques and tectonic models from the Applied Geodynamics Laboratory at the University of Texas, Austin. These combine to provide a cohesive and wide-ranging insight into this extremely visual subject. This is the definitive practical handbook for professional geologists and geophysicists in the petroleum industry, an invaluable textbook for graduate students, and a reference textbook for researchers in various geoscience fields.
Download or read book Salt and Sediment Dynamics written by Ian Lerche and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt and Sediment Dynamics presents a thorough treatment of salt and sediment interactions and the implications of such interactions for sub-salt exploration. The book emphasizes and utilizes recent discoveries on many aspects of salt and sediment interactions, provides the theoretical framework for interpreting the increasing amount of available data on salt and sediments, and develops a self-consistent dynamical evolution model of salt structures and their interaction with surrounding sediments. The model developed in the text consists of an evolving salt structure that influences sediment motion with self-consistent evolution of sediments and salt shape. The resulting stress and strain in the sediments and the thermal focusing effects of the salt are evaluated. The salt and sediments in the model are consistent with observed geometries, a result of having freely adjustable, observation-controlled model parameters. In addition, the book describes case histories in a variety of geological settings, thus explaining aspects of the genesis and development of salt structures, of their impact on sedimentary structural evolution, and of the impact of sediments on salt masses. The techniques developed by the authors expand the current state of knowledge regarding the evolution and dynamics of salt structures and increase the potential for effective sub-salt hydrocarbon exploration.
Download or read book La Popa Basin Nuevo Le n and Coahuila Mexico written by Timothy Lawton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the two excursions accessed from the Monterrey International Airport on the north side of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Excellent exposures of salt diapirs and flanking strata in La Popa basin, northeastern Mexico, contain world-class examples of salt–sediment interaction that provided the basis for the concept of halokinetic sequences. The basin also contains one of the first secondary salt welds described in outcrop. Two one-day excursions described here provide an easily accessible overview of salt–sediment relations within a short distance of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Excursion 1 constitutes an introduction to basin stratigraphy, an introduction to halokinetic sequences at El Papalote diapir, and a visit to a salt-cored detachment fold near Hidalgo, Nuevo León. Excursion 2 is a visit to La Popa salt weld, where stops at several parts of the weld permit comparison of different structural styles developed along the weld. Each excursion begins and ends at the Marriott Courtyard Aeropuerto Hotel, near the Monterrey airport.
Download or read book Paleogeography and Sedimentary Development of Two Deep marine Foreland Basins written by Anne Bernhardt and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises three chapters focusing on the evolution of marine sedimentary successions that formed as the fill of large submarine channel belts and their tributary systems. These channel belts serve as conduits for gravel- and sand-laden sediment gravity flows along the axes of narrow, elongate foreland basins. In the past, axial channel belts have not been widely recognized in submarine foreland basins (Mutti et al., 2003). However, recent studies have demonstrated the presence of axial channels, 3-8 km in width and > 100 km in length, in a number of marine foredeeps including the Cretaceous Magallanes Basin, southern Chile, and the Tertiary Molasse Basin, northern Austria (De Ruig and Hubbard, 2006; Hubbard et al., 2008, 2009). Additional studies have shown that similar channels are common in submarine trough-shaped basins in other convergent margin settings such as the Peru-Chile trench (Thornburg et al. 1990, Völker et al., 2006), the Hikurangi trough, offshore New Zealand (Lewis and Pantin, 2002), and the Nankai trough, offshore Japan (Fig. 1 in Moore et al., 2007), as well as in modern oceanic rift basins, such as the Maury channel in the Northeast Atlantic Rockall Basin (Cherkis et al., 1973) and the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) in the Labrador Sea (Hesse et al., 1987, 1990; Hesse, 1989, Klaucke et al., 1998). These occurrences suggest that axial channels may be common sediment transport fairways in elongate deep-water basins in a variety of tectonic settings. This thesis investigates the sedimentary evolution, stratigraphic architecture, and paleogeography of such channel systems in two distinct, yet analogous and complementary research areas: the Magallanes foreland basin in southern Chile, and the Molasse foreland basin in northern Austria. The main objectives of this study are: a)to characterize the processes of submarine sediment transport and deposition in the study areas, b)to explain the associated filling patterns of ancient submarine axial channels and their tributaries, and c)to reconstruct the paleogeography of an ancient seafloor in order to better understand deep-marine sediment dispersal patterns in narrow elongate basins. The Magallanes Basin is a retro-arc foreland basin characterized by a deep-marine filling history from the Cenomanian/ Turonian (Fildani et al., 2003; Fosdick et al., in press) to the Campanian (Chapter 3). The numerous coarse-grained submarine channel and lobe complexes of the Turonian to Campanian Cerro Toro Formation represent a large north-south oriented channel belt that funneled sediment gravity flows along the axis of the foreland basin parallel to the active thrust front (Hubbard et al., 2008). This main axial trunk channel belt was probably fed by at least one, and possibly numerous, tributary channel systems coming off the Andean mountain front to the west. Similarly, sedimentation within the Upper Austrian Molasse Basin during the late Oligocene to early Miocene was largely controlled by an axial trunk channel that was fed by a deltaic system to the west and a tributary system lying along the Inntal fault zone to the southwest (De Ruig and Hubbard, 2006). Three studies were undertaken in order to illuminate the processes and architecture of the fill of submarine foreland basin axial channels: the interaction of submarine debris flows and turbidity currents within the axial channel in the Molasse Basin (Chapter 1), the stratigraphic and architectural evolution of coarse-grained deep-water deposits in a tributary system setting in the Magallanes Basin (Chapter 2), and the paleogeography of the Magallanes Basin axial channel belt and its tributary system and the associated basin-filling pattern over time (Chapter 3). Multiple techniques were combined to achieve these goals, including field mapping, sedimentological analysis of outcrops and rock cores, interpretation of wireline logs and 3D seismic-reflection data, U/Pb dating of zircons, strontium isotope stratigraphy, and a novel approach to lithofacies proportion modeling (Stright et al., 2009).
Download or read book Coupling Between Sedimentation and Salt Deformation written by Xinggang Christopher Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation focuses on how sediment-transporting flows (e.g., turbidity currents) couple with deformation of earth materials (e.g., rock salt) to produce a morphodynamic system responsible for generating submarine landscapes and particularly minibasins. Turbidity-current sediments deposited on top of salt layers can drive salt flow by applying differential loads. The flow of salt substratum can produce different styles of surface topography, modifying the sediment dispersal systems that fuel the continental margin sedimentation. These linked systems consist of many nonlinearly interacting elements so that their evolutions cannot easily be predicted. In order to better understand this emergent complexity. I designed experiments to allowed turbidity currents, their deposits, and the structural deformation associated with substratum flow to freely coevolve in three dimensions. These experiments were specifically designed to capture the full morphodynamic behavior of submarine systems possessing a mobile substratum. First, I investigated the role of original salt thickness in controlling patterns of subsidence/uplift and sedimentation. Two experiments with different substrate thickness were perturbed by similar loads and pressure-gradients tied to turbidity-current sedimentation. Over thick salt, turbidite loading drove salt flow that formed a classic minibasin. Basin subsidence/uplift were accurately estimated using only turbidite thickness and the principle of isostasy. Sediment trapping efficiency increased as relief of the minibasin grew. In contrast, turbidite loading over thin salt was never isostatically compensated and formed a deposit with positive topography that was segmented by faults. Increasing displacements on these faults produced horsts and grabens that grew over time. Predicting this pattern of salt deformation required using not only local turbidite thickness, but also the gradient and curvature in turbidite thickness, both of which were found to exhort increasing control on salt deformation as the buried salt layer thinned. Second, I investigated how different styles of structural deformation influenced subsequent patterns of sedimentation and then future patterns of subsidence. In the thin-salt case, growth of a reactive diapir and continuous segmentation of the turbidite cover led to development of a network of structural channels that laterally confined flows, guiding basinward transport by subsequent currents. Over thick salt, the continuous subsidence of produced a minibasin that increased in relief with each sedimentation event. Eventually the walls became steep enough to fail and removal of this sediment induced salt breaching. Coalescence of two salt sheets fully encased the minibasin and formed a structural channel along its suture. This structural channel facilitated the bypassing of sediments to a downdip region where a second minibasin began to form. Both styles of structural deformation formed ‘structural’ channel(s) that laterally confined the turbidity currents, increasing the sediment bypassing fraction, extending the field of deformation, and producing new salt-influenced topography at a basinward position. Third, I investigated the effect of spatially varying salt thickness on morphodynamic evolution of submarine basins. In the laboratory, two experiments with different base-salt configurations were designed to isolate the control of variable salt thickness on basin evolution. The first experiment was conducted over a uniform salt layer and the second experiment had a step in salt thickness. Salt flow in both cases was solely driven by turbidity-current sedimentation with the same initial conditions. A simple step in salt thickness generated multiple minibasins with migrating depo-centers that changed depositional patterns over time. The structural and stratigraphic complexity that emerged exhibited properties that are commonly ascribed to gravity gliding over a regionally tilted basement and point out a potential difficulty in separating the signatures of regional structural deformation from internally generated signals. The feedbacks between sedimentation, substratum flow, and evolving topography need to be considered at all times if accurate reconstructions of basin evolution are to be achieved. In sum, my experimental designs incorporated a necessary amount of complexity that produced geologically realistic structural and stratigraphic geometries and captured the dynamic processes governing pattern formation in time and space. My results demonstrate how salt-sedimentation interactions can generate a wide range of structures in absence of regional salt tectonics, requiring only the internal dynamics that define the morphodynamic evolution of submarine basins in salt provinces
Download or read book Salt Tectonics Sediments and Prospectivity written by G. Ian Alsop and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2012 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely volume, geoscientists from both industry and academia present a contemporary view of salt at a global scale. The studies examine the influence of salt on synkinematic sedimentation, its role in basin evolution and tectonics, and ultimately in hydrocarbon prospectivity. Recent improvements in seismic reflection, acquisition and processing techniques have led to significant advances in the understanding of salt and sediment interactions, both along the flanks of vertical or overturned salt margins, and in subsalt plays such as offshore Brazil. The book is broadly separated into five major themes covering a variety of geographical and process-linked topics. These are: halokinetic sequence stratigraphy, salt in passive margin settings, Central European salt basins, deformation within and adjacent to salt, and salt in contractional settings and salt glaciers.
Download or read book Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins written by Olivier Lacombe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-10 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the important geologic information recorded in Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins (TBFB) on the evolution of orogens? How do they transcript the coupled influence of deep and surficial geological processes? Is it still worth looking for hydrocarbons in foothills areas? These and other questions are addressed in the volume edited by Lacombe, Lavé, Roure and Vergés, which constitutes the Proceedings of the first meeting of the new ILP task force on "Sedimentary Basins", held in December 2005 at the Institut Français du Pétrole, on behalf of the Société Géologique de France and the Sociedad Geologica de España. This volumes spans a timely bridge between recent advances in the understanding of surface processes, field investigations, high resolution imagery, analogue-numerical modelling, and hydrocarbon exploration in TBFB. With 25 thematic papers including well-documented regional case studies, it provides a milestone publication as a new in-depth examination of TBFB.
Download or read book Evaporites Sediments Resources and Hydrocarbons written by John K. Warren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-12 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive discussion of the role of evaporites in hydrocarbon generation and trapping Excellent introduction in the field
Download or read book Controls on Carbonate Platform and Reef Development written by Jeff Lukasik and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbonate platforms and reefs emerge, grow and die in response to intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms forced primarily by tectonics, oceanography, climate, ecology and eustasy. These mechanisms, or controls, create the physical, biological and chemical signals accountable for the myriad of carbonate depositional responses that, together, form the complex depositional systems present in the modern and ancient settings. If we are to fully comprehend these systems, it is critical to ascertain which controls ultimately govern the "life cycle" of carbonate platforms and reefs and understand how these signals are recorded and preserved. Deciphering which signals produce a dominant sedimentological response from the plethora of physical and biological information generated from superimposed regional to global-scale controls is critical to achieving this goal. With this understanding, it may be possible to extract common time- and space-independent depositional responses to specific mechanisms that may, ultimately, be used in a productive sense. Extensive research on a wide variety of carbonate platform and reefal systems in the past few decades has provided the foundation and understanding necessary to take carbonate research to a new level. With assistance from rapidly advancing computer software and an increasing use of cross-disciplinary integration, carbonate research is shifting from description and morphological analysis towards a science that is more focused on the assessment of process and genetic relationships. The aim of this special publication is to present a cross section of recent research that shows this evolution from a variety of perspectives and scales using examples distributed throughout the Phanerozoic.
Download or read book Southern and Central Mexico Basement Framework Tectonic Evolution and Provenance of Mesozoic Cenozoic Basins written by Uwe C. Martens and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Folding and Fracturing of Rocks written by C.E. Bond and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Publication is a celebration of research into the Folding and Fracturing of Rocks to mark the 50th anniversary of the publication of the seminal textbook by J. G. Ramsay. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks summarised the key structural geology concepts of the time. Through his numerical and geometric focus John pioneered and provided solutions to understanding the processes leading to the folding and fracturing of rocks. His strong belief that numerical and geometric solutions, to understanding crustal processes, should be tested against field examples added weight and clarity to his work. The basic ideas and solutions presented in the text are as relevant now as they were 50 years ago, and this collection of papers celebrates John’s contribution to structural geology. The papers explore the lasting impact of John and his work, they present case studies and a modern understanding of the process documented in the Folding and Fracturing of Rocks.
Download or read book The Gulf of Mexico Sedimentary Basin written by John W. Snedden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and richly illustrated overview of the Gulf of Mexico Basin, including its reservoirs, source rocks, tectonics and evolution.
Download or read book Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins written by Cathy Busby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating the complex interplay between tectonics and sedimentation is a key endeavor in modern earth science. Many of the world's leading researchers in this field have been brought together in this volume to provide concise overviews of the current state of the subject. The plate tectonic revolution of the 1960's provided the framework for detailed models on the structure of orogens and basins, summarized in a 1995 textbook edited by Busby and Ingersoll. Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins: Recent Advances focuses on key topics or areas where the greatest strides forward have been made, while also providing on-line access to the comprehensive 1995 book. Breakthroughs in new techniques are described in Section 1, including detrital zircon geochronology, cosmogenic nuclide dating, magnetostratigraphy, 3-D seismic, and basin modelling. Section 2 presents the new models for rift, post-rift, transtensional and strike slip basin settings. Section 3 addresses the latest ideas in convergent margin tectonics, including the sedimentary record of subduction intiation and subduction, flat-slab subduction, and arc-continent collision; it then moves inboard to forearc basins and intra-arc basins, and ends with a series of papers formed under compessional strain regimes, as well as post-orogenic intramontane basins. Section 4 examines the origin of plate interior basins, and the sedimentary record of supercontinent formation. This book is required reading for any advanced student or professional interested in sedimentology, plate tectonics, or petroleum geoscience. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/busby/sedimentarybasins.
Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Download or read book Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems written by Kenneth R. McClay and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2004 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title available in Digital Reprint form on CD-ROM
Download or read book Salt Tectonics of the Abenaki Graben and Central Sable Subbasin written by Clarke Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Abenaki graben and central Sable Subbasin of the north-central Scotian margin has been highly influenced by salt deformation. Shimeld (2004) has identified five salt subprovinces defined by varying salt structural styles across the margin. Although it has been hypothesized these varying structural styles are the result of complex salt basin morphologies and variable Mesozoic post-rift sedimentation patterns, there is still a lack of understanding of how these first order controlling factors specifically controlled the tectono-stratigraphic evolution across the margin. Disappointing petroleum exploration results from the last round of deepwater drilling supports the further need to investigate how variable salt basin morphologies, and depositional rates and patterns controlled salt deformation as well as the evolution of the margin. The purpose of this project is to integrate regional 2D seismic reflection data including the ION-GXT NovaSPAN dataset, with 4D scaled physical experiments to better understand the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Abenaki Graben and central Sable Subbasin. The study area is located in Shimeld's salt Subprovince III that comprises an extensive salt tongue-canopy system that has spread upwards of 80 km on the secondary detachment level. Seismic interpretation indicates an original salt basin characterized by a landward tapering wedge representing the Abenaki Graben, an intermediate high referred to as the North Sable High (NSH), and a symmetric graben with basin step representing the Sable Subbasin. The geometry of the salt basin floor is composed of rifted basement blocks and syn-rift fill that was originally been infilled with upwards of 2 km of Argo salt. Scaled 4D physical experiments simulating the study area indicate the presence of 4 kinematic domains from the shelf to slope including a: (1) Salt Weld and Pillow, (2) Normal Fault and Reactive Diapir, (3) Passive Diapir and Expulsion Rollover, and (4) Contractional Salt and Allochthonous Salt-Tongue Canopy domain. Experiment results indicate early deposition focused in the Abenaki Graben, later shifting across the NSH into the Sable sub-basin as increased sediment supply and progradation occurred from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Experiment evolutions replicated diapir and canopy evolutions with early-inflated salt complexes in the downdip contractional domain focused at changes in the basin-floor and original salt thickness. The inflated salt complexes later evolved into passive diapirs and eventual extensive salt tongue-canopy systems during subsequent sediment progradation. Derived kinematic concepts from the physical experiments successfully explain the regional structural and related depocentre evolution of the margin form the early post-rift stage to the modem margin. Understanding the tectono-stratigraphic evolution, from early salt mobilization to late stage salt tongue-canopy formation, aids in developing new concepts for reservoir distribution and trap formation for the Abenaki Graben and Sable Subbasin area.
