Download or read book Secondary Reinforcement in a Two choice Situation written by Gilbert Roland Johns and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Special Education written by Cecil R. Reynolds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-02 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a thoroughly revised, comprehensive A to Z compilation of authoritative information on the education of those with special needs.
Download or read book Schedules of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.
Download or read book The Structure of Learning written by R. Allen Gardner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing together research and theory in ethology and psychology, this book offers a clear and provocative account of the ways in which living organisms learn. Throughout, the authors' focus is on the importance of operational definition. In lively prose, describing experiments in enough depth to involve readers in the drama of experimental method, they recount the history of scientists' attempts to answer basic questions, and show how one study builds on another. Although they present the major traditional positions, they demand that readers examine actual evidence, recognize weaknesses, and consider alternatives. This critical process leads to the delineation of a bottom up, feed forward model in contrast to the traditional top down, feed backward one. Recent research in robotics and fuzzy logic suggests ways in which artificial as well as living systems pursue bottom up, feed forward ethological solutions to practical problems. The authors' extended discussion of their exciting work teaching sign language to chimpanzees vividly illustrates the application of the basic principles of learning elucidated in the book.
Download or read book Reaching the Animal Mind written by Karen Pryor and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-06-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the founder of “clicker” training, the widely praised humane approach to shaping animal behavior, comes a fascinating book—part memoir, part insight into how animals and people think and behave. A celebrated pioneer in the field of no-punishment animal training, Karen Pryor is responsible for developing clicker training—an all-positive, safe, effective way to modify and shape animal behavior—and she has changed the lives of millions of animals. Practical, engrossing, and full of fascinating stories about Pryor’s interactions with animals of all sorts, Reaching the Animal Mind presents the sum total of her life’s work. She explains the science behind clicker training, how and why it works, and offers step-by-step instructions on how you can clicker-train any animal in your life. For bonus video clips, slide shows, articles, downloadable exercises, and links expanding on the contents of the book, go to ReachingtheAnimalMind.com.
Download or read book Teaching with Reinforcement written by Kay Laurence and published by Sunshine Books (MA). This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1962-11 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Learning and Memory written by John P. Houston and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Learning and Memory, Second Edition provides information pertinent to the basic conditioning processes. This book presents an integration of the fields of animal and human learning. Organized into six parts encompassing 17 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the definition of learning that encompasses many of the elements of alternative definitions. This text then considers the processes of acquisition, including a detailed discussion of contiguity, practice, and reinforcement. Other chapters include an extensive discussion of issues, problems, and alternative theories within the field of retention. This book discusses as well the problem of transfer, with emphasis on stimulus generation and transfer of training. The final chapter deals with behavior modification as a general method for understanding, altering, and controlling behavior, which differs dramatically from more traditional clinical or therapeutic approaches. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, behavior therapists, behavior modification theorists, and psychology students.
Download or read book Reinforcement written by R. M. Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforcement: Behavioral Analyses covers the proceedings of the 1970 Symposium on Schedule-induced and Schedule-Dependent Phenomena, held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This symposium highlights theoretically inclined papers on reinforcement processes. This text contains 10 chapters and begins with a description of how behavior is induced by various environmental events, especially reinforcing events, as well as the relationship between control by inducing stimuli and reinforceability. The subsequent chapters deal with reinforcement phenomena in terms of preference relations and the conditioned emotional responses in terms of opposing motivational processes. These topics are followed by reviews of schedule-dependent effects of preaversive stimuli and the maintenance of behavior by apparent reinforcers that might be expected to punish, as well as the identification of critical variable that underlie the phenomenon. Other chapters examine the interactions between operant and responded conditioning processes. The final chapters outline the experiments on behavior stream whose hallmark is reinforcement if the absence of specified behavior. These chapters emphasize the analogy between the evolution of species and the modification of behavior. This book will be of value to behaviorists and psychologists.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning written by N. S. Sutherland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning provides a review of the field of animal discrimination learning, with discussions into other areas such as generalization, partial reinforcement, and some aspects of comparative psychology. This book elaborates the origins of continuity-noncontinuity controversy, analysis of attentional learning, Lashley and Wade's account of generalization, and evidence for a two-process analysis of the ORE. The reversal and nonreversal shifts, response unit hypothesis, inconsistent reinforcement and extinction of choice behavior, and aims and problems of comparative psychology are likewise described This text likewise covers the Zeaman and House model, Lovejoy's Model III, determinants of generalization gradients, cognitive dissonance hypothesis, and theoretical relevance of comparative psychology. This publication is a good source for biologists and researchers concerned with animal discrimination learning.
Download or read book Contingencies of Reinforcement written by B. F. Skinner and published by B. F. Skinner Foundation. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B. F. Skinner titled this book, Contingencies of Reinforcement, after the heart of his science of behavior. Contingencies relate classes of actions to postcedent events and to the contexts in which those action-postcedent relations occur. The basic processes seem straightforward, but many people do not know or understand the underlying theory. Skinner believed that ‘a theory is essential to the scientific understanding of behavior as a subject matter”. This book presents some of Skinner’s most sophisticated statements about theoretical issues. To his original articles, he added notes to clarify and expand subtle points. The book thus provides an overview of Skinner’s thinking about theory and the philosophy underpinning the science he began.
Download or read book Psychology of Learning and Motivation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1975-02-19 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology of Learning and Motivation
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Imitation Modeling and Cross cultural Training written by Otto Zinser and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the literature on imitation and modeling was conducted to aid in development of a modeling training technique to accelerate the acquisition of cross-cultural interaction skills. The modeling procedure is designed to provide exemplary behavior to the trainee via videotape recording. The literature review includes a summary of theoretical positions that have been formulated, a survey of research in terms of the variables that have been investigated, and a review of modeling techniques that have found application. A discussion devoted to implications for developing a cross-cultural training technique is also presented. The advantages and disadvantages of various procedures for constructing an effective modeling technique are examined. The literature reviewed indicated that a modeling training technique has to date not been used to aid in the acquisition of cross-cultural interaction skills. The report concludes with the recommendation that the effectiveness of such a training technique be evaluated.
Download or read book Proceedings American Philosophical Society vol 102 no 1 1958 written by and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current List of Medical Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes section, "Recent book acquisitions" (varies: Recent United States publications) formerly published separately by the U.S. Army Medical Library.
Download or read book The Dictionary of Psychology written by Ray Corsini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 1186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than three times as many defined entries, biographies, illustrations, and appendices than any other dictionary of psychology ever printed in the English language, Raymond Corsini's Dictionary of Psychology is indeed a landmark resource. The most comprehensive, up-to-date reference of its kind, the Dictionary also maintains a user-friendliness throughout. This combination ensures that it will serve as the definitive work for years to come. With a clear and functional design, and highly readable style, the Dictionary offers over 30,000 entries (including interdisciplinary terms and contemporary slang), more than 125 illustrations, as well as extensive cross-referencing of entries. Ten supportive appendices, such as the Greek Alphabet, Medical Prescription Terms, and biographies of more than 1,000 deceased contributors to psychology, further augment the Dictionary's usefulness. Over 100 psychologists as well as numerous physicians participated as consulting editors, and a dozen specialist consulting editors reviewed the material. Dr. Alan Auerbach, the American Psychological Association's de facto dictionary expert, served as the senior consulting editor. As a final check for comprehensiveness and accuracy, independent review editors were employed to re-examine, re-review, and re-approve every entry.
