Download or read book Sea Ice Remote Sensing Using Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry written by Qingyun Yan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research, the application of spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System- Reflectometry (GNSS-R) delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) for sea ice remote sensing is investigated. Firstly, a scheme is presented for detecting sea ice from TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) DDMs. Less spreading along delay and Doppler axes is observed in the DDMs of sea ice relative to those of seawater. This enables us to distinguish sea ice from seawater through studying the values of various DDM observables, which describe the extent of DDM spreading. Secondly, three machine learning-based methods, specifically neural networks (NNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machine (SVM), are developed for detecting sea ice and retrieving sea ice concentration (SIC) from TDS-1 data. For these three methods, the architectures with different outputs (i.e. category labels and SIC values) are separately devised for sea ice detection (classification problem) and SIC retrieval (regression problem) purposes. In the training phase, different designs of input that include the cropped DDM (40-by-20), the full-size DDM (128-by-20), and the feature selection (FS) (1-by-20) are tested. The SIC data obtained by Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS sensors are used as the target data, which are also regarded as ground-truth data in this work. In the experimental stage, CNN output resulted from inputting full-size DDM data shows better accuracy than that of the NN-based method. Besides, performance of both CNNs and NNs is enhanced with the cropped DDMs. It is found that when DDM data are adequately preprocessed CNNs and NNs share similar accuracy. Further comparison is made between NN and SVM with FS. The SVM algorithm demonstrates improved accuracy compared with the NN method. In addition, the designed FS is proven to be effective for both SVM- and NN-based approaches. Lastly, a reflectivity (

Download or read book Contributions to Land Sea and Sea Ice Remote Sensing Using GNSS reflectometry written by Alberto Alonso Arroyo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis researches the use of passive remote sensing techniques using signals transmitted from the navigation satellites (GNSS) in order to retrieve different geophysical parameters. The thesis consists of two different parts without taking into account the introduction, the state of the art and the conclusions. The first part analyzes the Interference Pattern Technique (IPT), which was previously used in another PhD thesis, and proposes some key improvements. First, the addition of horizontal polarization to the existing vertical polarization is proposed. Then, the retrieval of soil moisture is studied using the horizontal polarization only and combining both polarizations to correct for the surface roughness effects. It is also demonstrated that the phase difference between the two interference patterns is directly related to soil moisture content. A field campaign was conducted in Australia to test empirically all the theoretical developments and algorithms. Secondly, the possibility of measuring Significant Wave Height (SWH) and Mean Sea Surface Level (MSSL) using the IPT is studied. A three month field campaign over coastal sea is devoted to that study. The SWH retrieval is a new estimation algorithm based on measuring the point where the interference pattern loses coherence. The MSSL retrieval is based on the estimation of the IPT oscillation frequency, testing different spectral estimators to improve the accuracy. Since the IPT is limited in coverage due to its static requirements, the research conducted in this thesis migrated to scatterometric GNSS-R techniques. The main goal that migration was to increase coverage of the different GNSS-R instruments. Therefore, the second part of this thesis analyzes the applicability of a scatterometric technique from different platforms: ground-based (mobile and fixed), airborne, and spaceborne. The ground-based still platforms have allowed to develop a soil moisture retrieval algorithm. The ground-based moving platforms have extended the validity of that algorithm. Airborne platforms have been used to study the reflected electric field statistics when the surface reflecting surface is varying (smooth or rough land, and sea). They have also been used to develop different algorithms to measure the coherent and incoherent scattered components depending on the data structure (real-data or complex data). Coherent reflectivity measured from airborne platforms has been compared to other techniques such microwave radiometry, which is highly used in the soil moisture retrieval from spaceborne sensors, and other sensors using optical, multispectral and thermal frequency bands. These relationships between microwave radiometry and GNSS-R measurements suggests the potential synergy of both techniques. A sea ice detection algorithm is also developed using scatterometric GNSS-R data from the UK TDS-1 mission. This algorithm is based on measuring the degree of coherence of the reflected waveform. Finally, a field campaign was conducted to study the effect of vegetation on the GNSS signals that pass through it in order to take into account and correct the effect of vegetation in the GNSS-R data and in the soil moisture retrieval algorithms.

Download or read book Theory and Practice of GNSS Reflectometry written by Kegen Yu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first authored English book completely focused on global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R). It consists of two main parts: the fundamental theory; and major applications, which include ocean altimetry, sea surface wind speed retrieval, snow depth measurement, soil moisture measurement, tsunami detection and sea ice detection. Striking a healthy balance between theory and practice, and featuring in-depth studies and extensive experimental results, the book introduces beginners to the fundamentals, while preparing experienced researchers to pursue advanced investigations and applications in GNSS-R.

Download or read book Position Navigation and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century written by Y. Jade Morton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-13 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the latest developments in PNT technologies, including integrated satellite navigation, sensor systems, and civil applications Featuring sixty-four chapters that are divided into six parts, this two-volume work provides comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in satellite-based position, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies and civilian applications. It also examines alternative navigation technologies based on other signals-of-opportunity and sensors and offers a comprehensive treatment on integrated PNT systems for consumer and commercial applications. Volume 1 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications contains three parts and focuses on the satellite navigation systems, technologies, and engineering and scientific applications. It starts with a historical perspective of GPS development and other related PNT development. Current global and regional navigation satellite systems (GNSS and RNSS), their inter-operability, signal quality monitoring, satellite orbit and time synchronization, and ground- and satellite-based augmentation systems are examined. Recent progresses in satellite navigation receiver technologies and challenges for operations in multipath-rich urban environment, in handling spoofing and interference, and in ensuring PNT integrity are addressed. A section on satellite navigation for engineering and scientific applications finishes off the volume. Volume 2 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications consists of three parts and addresses PNT using alternative signals and sensors and integrated PNT technologies for consumer and commercial applications. It looks at PNT using various radio signals-of-opportunity, atomic clock, optical, laser, magnetic field, celestial, MEMS and inertial sensors, as well as the concept of navigation from Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. GNSS-INS integration, neuroscience of navigation, and animal navigation are also covered. The volume finishes off with a collection of work on contemporary PNT applications such as survey and mobile mapping, precision agriculture, wearable systems, automated driving, train control, commercial unmanned aircraft systems, aviation, and navigation in the unique Arctic environment. In addition, this text: Serves as a complete reference and handbook for professionals and students interested in the broad range of PNT subjects Includes chapters that focus on the latest developments in GNSS and other navigation sensors, techniques, and applications Illustrates interconnecting relationships between various types of technologies in order to assure more protected, tough, and accurate PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications will appeal to all industry professionals, researchers, and academics involved with the science, engineering, and applications of position, navigation, and timing technologies. pnt21book.com

Download or read book GNSS Remote Sensing written by Shuanggen Jin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The versatile and available GNSS signals can detect the Earth’s surface environments as a new, highly precise, continuous, all-weather and near-real-time remote sensing tool. This book presents the theory and methods of GNSS remote sensing as well as its applications in the atmosphere, oceans, land and hydrology. Ground-based atmospheric sensing, space-borne atmospheric sensing, reflectometry, ocean remote sensing, hydrology sensing as well as cryosphere sensing with the GNSS will be discussed per chapter in the book.

Download or read book Applications of GNSS Reflectometry for Earth Observation written by Nereida Rodriguez-Alvarez and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has proven an effective and very valuable technique that has helped the scientific community to better understand Earth processes. Measuring the forward scattering that occurs when the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflect off the surface of the Earth has enabled multiple studies of the ocean, the cryosphere, and the land geophysical phenomena, allowing a better characterization and increasing the global knowledge of our planet. This book brings together a variety of the most up-to-date research on the GNSS-R field, covering multiple and very innovative applications.

Download or read book Sea Ice written by Mohammed Shokr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-16 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SEA ICE The latest edition of the gold standard in sea ice references In the newly revised second edition of Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an in-depth review of the features and structural properties of ice, as well as the latest advances in geophysical sensors, ice parameter retrieval techniques, and remote sensing data. The book has been updated to reflect the latest scientific developments in macro- and micro-scale sea ice research. For this edition, the authors have included high-quality photographs of thin sections from cores of various ice types, as well as a comprehensive account of all major field expeditions that have systematically surveyed sea ice and its properties. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to ice physics and physical processes, including ice morphology and age-based structural features Practical discussions of radiometric and radar-scattering observations from sea ice, including radar backscatter and microwave emission The latest techniques for the retrieval of sea ice parameters from space-borne and airborne sensor data New chapters on sea ice thermal microwave emissions and on the impact of climate change on polar sea ice Perfect for academic researchers working on sea ice, the cryosphere, and climatology, Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing will also benefit meteorologists, marine operators, and high-latitude construction engineers.

Download or read book Spaceborne GNSS Reflectometry Remote Sensing of Ocean and Atmosphere written by Milad Asgarimehr and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Sea Ice and Icebergs written by Simon Haykin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-10-28 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the latest remote sensing technologies used to detect ice hazards in the marine environment; map surface currents, sea-state and surface winds; study ice dynamics, over ice transportation, oil spill countermeasures, climate changes and ice reconnaisance. Includes such technologies as acoustic sensing, ice-thickness measurement, passive microwave remote sensing, ground wave and surface-based radars.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route written by Ola M. Johannessen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between Europe and the Northern Pacific Basin. The authors then describe sea ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic Seas and, using microwave satellite data, provide a detailed analysis of difficult sea ice conditions. Remote sensing techniques and the basic principles of SAR image formation are described, as well as the major satellite radar systems used for ice studies in the Arctic. The authors take a good look at the use of sensing equipment in experiments, including the ICE WATCH project used for monitoring the Northern Sea Route. The possibilities of using SAR remote sensing for ice navigation in the Northern Sea Route is also detailed, analysing techniques of automatic image processing and interpretation. A study is provided of regional drifting ice, fast ice and river ice in the coastal areas of the Arctic Seas. The book concludes with a review of the practical experience using SAR images for supporting navigation and offshore industrial activity, based on a series of experiments conducted with the Murmansk Shipping Company on board nuclear icebreakers.

Download or read book Investigation of Advanced Spaceborne GNSS R Techniques Using the SMAP Satellite written by Matthew L. Buchanan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a remote sensing technique that utilizes GNSS signals reflected off of the Earth's surface to make geophysical measurements. Potential applications include the measurement of ocean surface wind speed, soil moisture, sea ice extent, and more. Since the existing GNSS satellites serve as transmitters in this passive, bistatic radar system, the reflectometer instrument can be made less expensive, less complex, and smaller than a traditional monostatic radar. Using a GNSS-R receiver on a spaceborne platform offers the ability to perform remote sensing with potentially global coverage. To date, almost all spaceborne GNSS-R instruments have utilized LHCP receive antennas with peak gains of 14 dBi or less, which limits the capabilities of these systems. Recently, the radar instrument onboard NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite has been tuned to receive GPS frequencies, which provides a unique opportunity for advanced spaceborne GNSS-R research. Equipped with a dual-polarized antenna with a peak gain of 36 dBi, SMAP can observe phenomena not otherwise available to existing instruments. In this work, raw signals collected by the SMAP satellite are processed in order to experimentally evaluate GNSS-R polarimetry, carrier phase characteristics, and off-specular scattering. This provides insight into the feasibility and requirements for implementing these novel, advanced GNSS-R capabilities and may serve to influence the design and operational considerations for future spaceborne GNSS-R missions.

Download or read book Global Navigation Satellite Systems written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the measurement of position, velocity, and time. It has rapidly evolved into a worldwide utility with more than a billion receiver sets currently in use that provide enormous benefits to humanity: improved safety of life, increased productivity, and wide-spread convenience. Global Navigation Satellite Systems summarizes the joint workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems held jointly by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Engineering on May 24-25, 2011 at Hongqiao Guest Hotel in Shanghai, China. "We have one world, and only one set of global resources. It is important to work together on satellite navigation. Competing and cooperation is like Yin and Yang. They need to be balanced," stated Dr. Charles M. Vest, President of the National Academy of Engineering, in the workshop's opening remarks. Global Navigation Satellite Systems covers the objectives of the workshop, which explore issues of enhanced interoperability and interchangeability for all civil users aimed to consider collaborative efforts for countering the global threat of inadvertent or illegal interference to GNSS signals, promotes new applications for GNSS, emphasizing productivity, safety, and environmental protection. The workshop featured presentations chosen based on the following criteria: they must have relevant engineering/technical content or usefulness; be of mutual interest; offer the opportunity for enhancing GNSS availability, accuracy, integrity, and/or continuity; and offer the possibility of recommendations for further actions and discussions. Global Navigation Satellite Systems is an essential report for engineers, workshop attendees, policy makers, educators, and relevant government agencies.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice written by W. Gareth Rees and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many advances in spaceborne instrumentation, remote sensing, and data analysis have occurred in recent years, but until now there has been no book that reflects these advances while delivering a uniform treatment of the remote sensing of frozen regions. Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice identifies unifying themes and ideas in these fields and presents them in a single volume. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the remote sensing of the Earth’s cryosphere. Explaining why cryospheric observations are important and why remote sensing observations are essential, it offers thorough surveys of the physical properties of ice and snow, and of current and emerging remote sensing techniques. Presenting a technical review of how the properties of snow and ice relate to remote sensing observations, the book focuses on principles by which useful geophysical information becomes encoded into the electromagnetic radiation detected during the remote sensing process. The author then discusses in detail the application of remote sensing methods to snow, freshwater ice, glaciers, and icebergs. The book concludes with a summary that examines what remote sensing has revealed about the cryosphere, where major technical problems still exist, and how these problems can be addressed.

Download or read book Application of Satellite Altimetry in Marine Geodesy and Geophysics written by Jinyun Guo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces written by Petr Beckmann and published by Artech House on Demand. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polar Remote Sensing written by Dan Lubin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polar regions, perhaps more than any other places on Earth, give the geophysical scientist a sense of exploration. This sensibility is genuine, for not only is high-latitude ?eldwork arduous with many locations seldom or never visited, but there remains much fundamental knowledge yet to be discovered about how the polar regions interact with the global climate system. The range of opportunities for new discovery becomes strikingly clear when we realize that the high latitudes are not one region but are really two vastly di?erent worlds. The high Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, and is home to fragile ecosystems and unique modes of human habitation. The Antarctic is a frozen continent without regular human habitation, covered by ice sheets taller than many mountain ranges and surrounded by the Earth’s most forbidding ocean. When we consider global change as applied to the Arctic, we discuss impacts to a region whose surface and lower atmospheric temperatures are near the triple point of water throughout much of the year. The most consistent signatures of climate warming have occurred at northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001), and the potential impacts of a few degrees increase in surface temperature include a reduction in sea ice extent, a positive feedback to climate warming due to lowering of surface albedo, and changes to surface runo? that might a?ect the Arctic Ocean’s salinity and circulation.

Download or read book 3S Technology Applications in Meteorology written by Shuanggen Jin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-19 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial information technology and its integration, such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), known as 3S technology, have been extensively utilized in managing and monitoring natural disasters. This book illustrates the 3S integrated applications in the field of meteorology and promotes the role of 3S in developing precise and intelligent meteorology. It presents the principles of 3S technology and the methods for monitoring different meteorological disasters and hazards as well as their application progress. The case studies from the United States, Japan, China, and Europe were conducted to help all countries understand the 3S technology functions in handling and monitoring severe meteorological hazards. FEATURES Presents integral observations from GNSS, GIS, and remote sensing in estimating and understanding meteorological changes Explains how to monitor and retrieve atmospheric parameter changes using GNSS and remote sensing Shows three-dimensional modelling and evaluations of meteorological variation processing based on GIS Helps meteorologists develop and use space-air-ground integrated observations for meteorological applications Illustrates the practices in monitoring meteorological hazards using space information techniques and case studies This book is intended for academics, researchers, and postgraduate students who specialize in geomatics, atmospheric science, and meteorology, as well as scientists who work in remote sensing and meteorology, and professionals who deal with meteorological hazards.