Download or read book Science on Trial written by Marcia Angell and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1997 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s, sympathetic juries awarded huge damages to women claiming injury from silicone breast implants, leading to a $4.25 billion class-action settlement that still wasn't large enough to cover all the claims. Shockingly, rigorous scientific studies of breast implants have now shown that there is no significant link between breast implants and disease. Why were the courts and the public so certain that breast implants were dangerous when medical researchers were not? The answer to this question reveals important differences in the way science, the law, and the public regard evidence--and not just in the breast implant controversy.
Download or read book Christian Science on Trial written by Rennie B. Schoepflin and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Schoepflin illuminates its struggle for existence against the efforts of organized American medicine to curtail its activities.".
Download or read book Summer for the Gods written by Edward J Larson and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pulitzer Prize-winning history of the Scopes Trial and the battle over evolution and creation in America's schools In the summer of 1925, the sleepy hamlet of Dayton, Tennessee, became the setting for one of the twentieth century's most contentious courtroom dramas, pitting William Jennings Bryan and the anti-Darwinists against a teacher named John Scopes, represented by Clarence Darrow and the ACLU, in a famous debate over science, religion, and their place in public education. That trial marked the start of a battle that continues to this day-in cities and states throughout the country. Edward Larson's classic Summer for the Gods -- winner of the Pulitzer Prize in History -- is the single most authoritative account of this pivotal event. An afterword assesses the state of the battle between creationism and evolution, and points the way to how it might potentially be resolved.
Download or read book Trying Biology written by Adam R. Shapiro and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Trying Biology, Adam R. Shapiro convincingly dispels many conventional assumptions about the 1925 Scopes “monkey” trial. Most view it as an event driven primarily by a conflict between science and religion. Countering this, Shapiro shows the importance of timing: the Scopes trial occurred at a crucial moment in the history of biology textbook publishing, education reform in Tennessee, and progressive school reform across the country. He places the trial in this broad context—alongside American Protestant antievolution sentiment—and in doing so sheds new light on the trial and the historical relationship of science and religion in America. For the first time we see how religious objections to evolution became a prevailing concern to the American textbook industry even before the Scopes trial began. Shapiro explores both the development of biology textbooks leading up to the trial and the ways in which the textbook industry created new books and presented them as “responses” to the trial. Today, the controversy continues over textbook warning labels, making Shapiro’s study—particularly as it plays out in one of America’s most famous trials—an original contribution to a timely discussion.
Download or read book Education Research On Trial written by Pamela B. Walters and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Read the author's commentary for the Teachers College Record here: http://www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentID=15915 It is not an exaggeration to say that the field of education has been under attack. Many, particularly in Washington, D.C., have proclaimed the research to be shoddy. They have called for new "scientific" standards for research. Randomized control trials have been promoted. In many of these discussions, the only criterion is making a more rational and scientific approach to education research. Since the federal government plays a leadership role in defining the terms of education debates, this critique is important. It stands to radically reshape research and possibly school priorities in the future. The essays in this book take up this important topic. They offer critical insight into how this debate came to flourish. Some of the authors take issue with core assertions of the debate; other are sympathetic. Taken together, they help to broaden and deepen our understanding of the efforts to revamp the field of education research and, ultimately education. The chapters also discuss the factors that facilitate, and impede, research from having an impact on policy. Teaching and Learning Goals Include: -- helps illuminate the relationship between education research and policy --critically examines key assumptions of federal legislation particularly the call for scientific rigor in the No Child Left Behind Legislation --helps students understand the broader intellectual context of this crisis in education
Download or read book On Trial for Reason written by Maurice A. Finocchiaro and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1633, the Roman Inquisition condemned Galileo as a suspected heretic for defending the astronomical theory that the earth moves, and implicitly assuming the theological principle that Scripture is not scientific authority. This controversial event has sent ripples down the centuries, embodying the struggle between a thinker who came to be regarded as the Father of Modern Science, and an institution that is both one of the world's greatest religions and most ancient organizations. The trial has been cited both as a clear demonstration of the incompatibility between science and religion, and also a stunning exemplar of rationality, scientific method, and critical thinking. Much has been written about Galileo's trial, but most works argue from a particular point of view - that of secular science against the Church, or justifying the religious position. Maurice Finocchiaro aims to provide a balanced historical account that draws out the cultural nuances. Unfolding the intriguing narrative of Galileo's trial, he sets it against its contemporary intellectual and philosophical background. In particular, Finocchiaro focuses on the contemporary arguments and evidence for and against the Earth's motion, which were based on astronomical observation, the physics of motion, philosophical principles about the nature of knowledge, and theological principles about the authority and the interpretation of Scripture. Following both sides of the controversy and its far-reaching philosophical impact, Finocchiaro unravels the complex relationship between science and religion, and demonstrates how Galileo came to be recognised as a model of logical reasoning.
Download or read book The Poison Trials written by Alisha Rankin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1524, Pope Clement VII gave two condemned criminals to his physician to test a promising new antidote. After each convict ate a marzipan cake poisoned with deadly aconite, one of them received the antidote, and lived—the other died in agony. In sixteenth-century Europe, this and more than a dozen other accounts of poison trials were committed to writing. Alisha Rankin tells their little-known story. At a time when poison was widely feared, the urgent need for effective cures provoked intense excitement about new drugs. As doctors created, performed, and evaluated poison trials, they devoted careful attention to method, wrote detailed experimental reports, and engaged with the problem of using human subjects for fatal tests. In reconstructing this history, Rankin reveals how the antidote trials generated extensive engagement with “experimental thinking” long before the great experimental boom of the seventeenth century and investigates how competition with lower-class healers spurred on this trend. The Poison Trials sheds welcome and timely light on the intertwined nature of medical innovations, professional rivalries, and political power.
Download or read book After the Monkey Trial written by Christopher M. Rios and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study sheds light on the work of the evangelical scientists who sought to bridge the cultural divide Christianity and evolutionary theory. In the well-known Scopes “Monkey Trial” of 1925, famously portrayed in the film and play Inherit the Wind, William Jennings Bryan’s clashed with defense attorney Clarence Darrow. The drama, pitting fundamentalist fervor against aggressive agnosticism, illustrated what current scholars call the conflict thesis. Regardless of the actual legal question of the trial, it appeared as though Christianity and science were at war with each other. Decades later, a new generation of evangelical scientists struggled to restore peace. After the Monkey Trial is the compelling history of those evangelical scientists in Britain and America who, unlike their fundamentalist cousins, supported mainstream scientific conclusions of the world and resisted the anti-science impulses of the era. Christopher M. Rios focuses on two organizations, the American Scientific Affiliation and the Research Scientists’ Christian Fellowship (today Christians in Science), who for more than six decades have worked to reshape evangelical engagement with science and redefine what it means to be a creationist.
Download or read book Sharing Clinical Trial Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
Download or read book The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
Download or read book Faith on Trial written by Peter A. Wallner and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science on Trial written by Douglas J. Futuyma and published by Pantheon. This book was released on 1983 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trial by Fire 14 Sanford Third Age Club Mystery written by David W. Robinson and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-19 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A house fire on a sweltering summer morning comes as no surprise, but when a body is found in the ruins, the Sanford police soon have the prime suspect in their sights. Evidence mounts, an arrest is made, and Joe Murray is at his wits' end before helps comes from an unexpected quarter. How could all the evidence be wrong? There's only one way. It was carefully constructed to point in the wrong direction, and Joe and his partner in crime-detection must pull out all the stops to prove it. The fourteenth Sanford 3rd Age Club Mystery, and it's Joe's toughest, most dangerous case yet. Now complete the collection. Grab the full, bestselling STAC series: THE FILEY CONNECTION THE I-SPY MURDERS A HALLOWEEN HOMICIDE A MURDER FOR CHRISTMAS MURDER AT THE MURDER MYSTERY WEEKEND MY DEADLY VALENTINE THE CHOCOLATE EGG MURDERS THE SUMMER WEDDING MURDER COSTA DEL MURDER CHRISTMAS CRACKERS DEATH IN DISTRIBUTION A KILLING IN THE FAMILY A THEATRICAL MURDER TRIAL BY FIRE And, by the same author: VOICES THE HANDSHAKER THE DEEP SECRET
Download or read book Darwin on Trial written by Phillip E. Johnson and published by Monarch Books. This book was released on 1991 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant critique of the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution.
Download or read book The Art Science of Trial Advocacy written by L. Timothy Perrin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Art and Science of Trial Advocacy, Second Edition, guides the reader through the trial process, suggesting techniques and strategies for each stage of the trial process--pretrial, trial, and post-trial motions; jury selection; opening statements; direct and cross-examination; and closing arguments. Included are illustrative transcripts explaining how to use the various techniques in an actual case, detailed guidance on the effective use of expert witnesses, and practical direction on the incorporation of exhibits and demonstrative evidence into case presentations. The book discusses basic principles of effective communication and persuasion, including the importance of the advocate's credibility and examples of how to develop case presentations that maximize the persuasive impact on judges and juries. The appendix includes the Federal Rules of Evidence. Additionally, the new Second Edition: Recognizes how the rapid development of technology and its use in the courtroom has changed the way trials are conducted and the way lawyers present evidence and argue to the jury. Discusses the use of technology in the courtroom. Includes materials describing the technology now available to trial lawyers as they prepare and present evidence; and Provides "Tech Tips" on how technology might be used to enhance advocacy at various points of the trial.
Download or read book The Baltimore Case written by Daniel J. Kevles and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2000 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kevles tells the complete story of David Baltimore, winner of a Nobel Prize for medicine in 1975 in the field of immunology, who got caught up in a legal battle over fraudulent scientific papers. Photos & line drawings.
Download or read book Darwin on Trial written by Phillip E. Johnson and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2010-10-05 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edition of Phillip Johnson's classic book he responds to critics of the first edition and maintains that scientists have put the cart before the horse when it comes to evolution, regarding as scientific fact what really should be regarded as a yet unproved hypothesis. Also included is a new introduction by noted biologist Michael Behe.
