Download or read book Schools Neighborhoods and Violence written by Caterina Gouvis Roman and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neighborhoods, Schools, and Violence furthers the evolution of the merger of social disorganization theories and opportunity theories in explaining the crime potential of place, particularly in Prince George's County, Maryland. Author Caterina Roman cogently utilizes the criminal opportunity framework to examine the influence of schools on neighborhood variations in the rates of violence.
Download or read book Learning in Harm s Way written by Elizabeth Froom Pelletier and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a school experiences a highly visible, traumatic event, such as a shooting or natural disaster, there is an expectation that teaching and learning at the school will be affected. In certain cases, such as after the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut, authorities have even taken actions to waive affected schools from testing accountability requirements, reflecting a belief that violence and trauma impact teaching and learning. However, the effects of gun violence and other types of violent crime extend far beyond high- profile events. Children attend school in dangerous neighborhoods around the nation where violence is an almost-daily occurrence. Past research has found exposure to violence to be associated with negative cognitive, behavioral, and mental health outcomes at the individual student level, but this issue has not been examined at the school level. This paper seeks to answer the following research question: does geographic proximity to violent crime affect a school’s performance? To examine the relationship between violent crime and school performance, I conduct a quantitative analysis, taking advantage of geo-coded data to examine crime as a factor that affects schools. Using GIS, I plot the locations where violent crimes occur and compare them to the locations of schools in the area. I control for other variables that are known to affect student achievement, such as student socioeconomic characteristics and teacher quality. This allows me to see whether an association exists between proximity to violence and school performance. I find a statistically significant and negative association between proximity to violence and test score results in the majority of models (9 out of 16).
Download or read book Violent Schools Safe Schools written by National Institute of Education (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Violent Crime and Achievement in Chicago Neighborhoods Peers and Schools written by Julia Anne Burdick-Will and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violent crime is a prevalent and persistent problem in many Chicago neighborhoods and public high schools. Many researchers have hypothesized that exposure to these violent environments has a negative influence on academic achievement. The acute stress of local violent events may cause immediate distraction that prevents students from performing well. Chronic danger and frequent negative interactions with police officers may also lead to social, behavioral, and cultural adaptations that are harmful for long-term academic behavior and achievement. In this dissertation, I test a variety of hypotheses about the effect of neighborhood and school violent crime on academic achievement. Combining eight years of geographically detailed crime data from the Chicago Police Department (2002 to 2010), administrative records from the Chicago Public Schools, and bi-annual school surveys conducted by the Consortium on Chicago School Research, I follow over 120,000 students as they progress through high school. I begin by describing the trends and distributions of violent crime in Chicago neighborhoods and public high schools. Then, using student, neighborhood, and school fixed-effects models I compare the achievement of students to themselves, their neighbors, and their classmates during periods of more or less violent crime. The analysis shows that the direct effects of short-term and long-term changes in neighborhood violent crime on test scores and grades are quite small, too small to really make a difference in students' educational trajectories. Violent crime at school matters slightly more, but the effects are still quite small, especially compared to the effect of perceived safety, which is surprisingly unrelated to changes in school violent crime rates over time. However, when many students from violent neighborhoods are concentrated in the same school, everyone's achievement suffers. This effect of peer neighborhood violence is quite large, especially for students from relatively safer neighborhoods, and remains even after controlling for other measures of school composition. These spill over effects highlight the social nature of the learning process and suggest that the relationship between neighborhood effects and school composition are complicated and interrelated in ways that are either ignored or assumed away in much of the existing neighborhood effects literature.
Download or read book The Impact of Neighborhood Violent Crime on School Attendance written by Darci Smith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: School-level academic performances are a matter of major concern to policy-makers in the United States. Outcomes such as standardized exam performances and graduation rates are considered important measures of school quality, and falling short on them can have detrimental consequences for schools due to federal policy guidelines. However, an important - and often overlooked - factor in enabling student success is student attendance rates. In order for schools to be most effective in preparing students to succeed, those students must first attend school regularly. However, conditions in neighborhoods in which schools are located may influence student attendance. In particular, prevalence of violent crime within a neighborhood can create the sense of a chaotic environment in which students are afraid to go to school and parents are concerned about sending their children there regularly. In this research, I use data from the Ohio Department of Education and the National Neighborhood Crime Survey to show that neighborhood violent crime rates have negative effects on school attendance rates, even when student and school characteristics are accounted for. I also find that the degree of socioeconomic disadvantage within a school negatively impacts student attendance, while teacher attendance rates are positively correlated with those of students.
Download or read book School Violence in Context written by Rami Benbenishty and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-10 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on one of the most comprehensive and representative studies of school violence ever conducted, Benbenishty and Astor explore and differentiate the many manifestations of victimization in schools, providing a new model for understanding school violence in context. The authors make striking use of the geopolitical climate of the Middle East to model school violence in terms of its context within as well as outside of the school site. This pioneering new work is unique in that it uses empirical data to show which variables and factors are similar across different cultures and which variables appear unique to different cultures. This empirical contrast of universal with culturally specific patterns is sorely needed in the school violence literature. The authors' innovative research maps the contours of verbal, social, physical, and sexual victimization and weapons possession, as well as staff-initiated violence against students, presenting some startling findings along the way. When comparing schools in Israel with schools in California, the authors demonstrate for the first time that for most violent events the patterns of violent behaviors have the same relationship for different age groups, genders, and nations. Conversely, they highlight specific kinds of violence that are strongly influenced by culture. They reveal, for example, how Arab boys encounter much more boy-to-boy sexual harassment than their Jewish peers, and that teacher-initiated victimization of students constitutes a significant and often overlooked type of school violence, especially among certain cultural groups. Crucially, the authors expand the paradigm of understanding school violence to encompass the intersection of cultural, ethnic, neighborhood, and family characteristics with intra-school factors such as teacher-student dynamics, anti-violence policies, student participation, grade level, and religious and gender divisions. It is only by understanding the multiple contexts of school violence, they argue, that truly effective prevention programs, interventions, research agendas, and policies can be implemented. In an age of heightened concern over school security, this study has enormous implications for school violence theory, research, and policy throughout the world. The patterns that emerge from the authors' analysis form a blueprint for the research agenda needed to address new and exciting theoretical and practical questions regarding the intersections of context and school victimization. The unique perspective on school violence will undoubtedly strike a chord with all readers, informing scholars and students across the fields of social work, psychology, education, sociology, public health, and peace/conflict studies. Its clearly written and accessible style will appeal to teachers, principals, policy makers and parents interested in the authors' practical discussion of policy and intervention implications, making this an invaluable tool for understanding, preventing, and handling violence in schools throughout the world.
Download or read book The Mismeasure of Crime written by Clayton J. Mosher and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with real world examples derived from media reports on crime trends and other sources, this fully updated Second Edition analyzes the specific errors that can occur in the three most common methods used to report crime—official crime data, self report, and victimization studies. For each method, the authors examine strengths and weaknesses, the fundamental issues surrounding accuracy, and the method's application to theoretical and policy research. Throughout the book, the authors demonstrate the factors that underlie crime data and illustrate the fundamental links between theory, policy, and data measurement.
Download or read book Whither Opportunity written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the incomes of affluent and poor families have diverged over the past three decades, so too has the educational performance of their children. But how exactly do the forces of rising inequality affect the educational attainment and life chances of low-income children? In Whither Opportunity? a distinguished team of economists, sociologists, and experts in social and education policy examines the corrosive effects of unequal family resources, disadvantaged neighborhoods, insecure labor markets, and worsening school conditions on K-12 education. This groundbreaking book illuminates the ways rising inequality is undermining one of the most important goals of public education—the ability of schools to provide children with an equal chance at academic and economic success. The most ambitious study of educational inequality to date, Whither Opportunity? analyzes how social and economic conditions surrounding schools affect school performance and children’s educational achievement. The book shows that from earliest childhood, parental investments in children’s learning affect reading, math, and other attainments later in life. Contributor Meredith Phillip finds that between birth and age six, wealthier children will have spent as many as 1,300 more hours than poor children on child enrichment activities such as music lessons, travel, and summer camp. Greg Duncan, George Farkas, and Katherine Magnuson demonstrate that a child from a poor family is two to four times as likely as a child from an affluent family to have classmates with low skills and behavior problems – attributes which have a negative effect on the learning of their fellow students. As a result of such disparities, contributor Sean Reardon finds that the gap between rich and poor children’s math and reading achievement scores is now much larger than it was fifty years ago. And such income-based gaps persist across the school years, as Martha Bailey and Sue Dynarski document in their chapter on the growing income-based gap in college completion. Whither Opportunity? also reveals the profound impact of environmental factors on children’s educational progress and schools’ functioning. Elizabeth Ananat, Anna Gassman-Pines, and Christina Gibson-Davis show that local job losses such as those caused by plant closings can lower the test scores of students with low socioeconomic status, even students whose parents have not lost their jobs. They find that community-wide stress is most likely the culprit. Analyzing the math achievement of elementary school children, Stephen Raudenbush, Marshall Jean, and Emily Art find that students learn less if they attend schools with high student turnover during the school year – a common occurrence in poor schools. And David Kirk and Robert Sampson show that teacher commitment, parental involvement, and student achievement in schools in high-crime neighborhoods all tend to be low. For generations of Americans, public education provided the springboard to upward mobility. This pioneering volume casts a stark light on the ways rising inequality may now be compromising schools’ functioning, and with it the promise of equal opportunity in America.
Download or read book Education and Delinquency written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-04 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control convened a workshop on October 2, 1998, to explore issues related to educational performance, school climate, school practices, learning, student motivation and commitment to school, and their relationship to delinquency. The workshop was designed to bring together researchers and practitioners with a broad range of perspectives on the relationship between such specific issues as school safety and academic achievement and the development of delinquent behavior. Education and Delinquency reviews recent research findings, identifies gaps in knowledge and promising areas of future research, and discusses the need for program evaluation and the integration of empirical research findings into program design.
Download or read book Violence in American Schools written by Delbert S. Elliott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-13 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a strategy for the problem of youth violence.
Download or read book Code of the Street Decency Violence and the Moral Life of the Inner City written by Elijah Anderson and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2000-09-17 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unsparing and important. . . . An informative, clearheaded and sobering book.—Jonathan Yardley, Washington Post (1999 Critic's Choice) Inner-city black America is often stereotyped as a place of random violence, but in fact, violence in the inner city is regulated through an informal but well-known code of the street. This unwritten set of rules—based largely on an individual's ability to command respect—is a powerful and pervasive form of etiquette, governing the way in which people learn to negotiate public spaces. Elijah Anderson's incisive book delineates the code and examines it as a response to the lack of jobs that pay a living wage, to the stigma of race, to rampant drug use, to alienation and lack of hope.
Download or read book Violence in Schools written by Robert J. Rubel and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Divergent Social Worlds written by Ruth D. Peterson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half a century after the first Jim Crow laws were dismantled, the majority of urban neighborhoods in the United States remain segregated by race. The degree of social and economic advantage or disadvantage that each community experiences—particularly its crime rate—is most often a reflection of which group is in the majority. As Ruth Peterson and Lauren Krivo note in Divergent Social Worlds, "Race, place, and crime are still inextricably linked in the minds of the public." This book broadens the scope of single-city, black/white studies by using national data to compare local crime patterns in five racially distinct types of neighborhoods. Peterson and Krivo meticulously demonstrate how residential segregation creates and maintains inequality in neighborhood crime rates. Based on the authors' groundbreaking National Neighborhood Crime Study (NNCS), Divergent Social Worlds provides a more complete picture of the social conditions underlying neighborhood crime patterns than has ever before been drawn. The study includes economic, social, and local investment data for nearly nine thousand neighborhoods in eighty-seven cities, and the findings reveal a pattern across neighborhoods of racialized separation among unequal groups. Residential segregation reproduces existing privilege or disadvantage in neighborhoods—such as adequate or inadequate schools, political representation, and local business—increasing the potential for crime and instability in impoverished non-white areas yet providing few opportunities for residents to improve conditions or leave. And the numbers bear this out. Among urban residents, more than two-thirds of all whites, half of all African Americans, and one-third of Latinos live in segregated local neighborhoods. More than 90 percent of white neighborhoods have low poverty, but this is only true for one quarter of black, Latino, and minority areas. Of the five types of neighborhoods studied, African American communities experience violent crime on average at a rate five times that of their white counterparts, with violence rates for Latino, minority, and integrated neighborhoods falling between the two extremes. Divergent Social Worlds lays to rest the popular misconception that persistently high crime rates in impoverished, non-white neighborhoods are merely the result of individual pathologies or, worse, inherent group criminality. Yet Peterson and Krivo also show that the reality of crime inequality in urban neighborhoods is no less alarming. Separate, the book emphasizes, is inherently unequal. Divergent Social Worlds lays the groundwork for closing the gap—and for next steps among organizers, policymakers, and future researchers. A Volume in the American Sociological Association's Rose Series in Sociology
Download or read book Neighborhood Collective Efficacy written by Robert J. Sampson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Violence in the Schools written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only national survey that asks school districts what steps they taking to make schools safer and to prevent violence. This is the 4th publication outlining the "Best Practices" in school districts. Provides local school board members with information about how other school districts are responding to the epidemic of violence. Contains tables.
Download or read book Do Schools Cause Crime in Neighborhoods Quasi Experimental Evidence from the Growth of Charter Schools in Philadelphia written by John MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of schools on crime in urban neighborhoods. The change in the public educational landscape with the rise of charter schools in Philadelphia provides a natural experiment to examine the effects that school locations have on crime rates. In this paper, we use data on the location and opening of charter and public schools to estimate the effect that school openings had on neighborhood crime patterns between 1998 and 2010. We estimate the change in crime counts in areas surrounding schools before and after their opening compared to areas where schools are always open. We find that crime in general goes down when schools open. The findings suggest that school locations play a minimal role in neighborhood crime production in Philadelphia.
Download or read book Crime Violence Discipline and Safety in U S Public Schools written by Samantha Neiman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
