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Book Salmonid Spawning Habitat in Rivers

Download or read book Salmonid Spawning Habitat in Rivers written by David A. Sear and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Analysis of Geologic Conditions at Salmonid Spawning Habitat Restoration Sites on the Lower American River  California

Download or read book Analysis of Geologic Conditions at Salmonid Spawning Habitat Restoration Sites on the Lower American River California written by Jessica Ann Bean and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic forces, including dams, artificial levees, channel modification and overall urbanization have led to streambed degradation and the decline of resident salmonid populations in the Lower American River. Approximately one third of natural salmonid spawning in Northern California occurs in the Lower American River, making the condition of this stream channel very important. Gravel restoration projects have been conducted on the river to offset the degradation of natural spawning areas for more than two decades. Many of the factors that limit successful natural spawning are part of the physical environment and depend on appropriate substrate size, water depth and velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and a variety of other more subtle factors like cover, upwelling or downwelling conditions, and hyporheic flow. This study analyzed data from four augmentation sites, restored between 2008 and 2012, to evaluate temporal changes at individual sites and compare results between sites. Additionally, researchers observed salmonid response to augmentation projects over time by examining the use of each restoration site during Fall-run Chinook salmon spawning seasons from 2007 to 2012. Analysis showed that gravel augmentation projects on the Lower American River are improving salmonid spawning habitats. Immediately following restoration, physical parameters showed significant improvement when compared to pre-restoration conditions, and all restoration sites showed an increase in spawning activity. Over time, these sites are continuing to provide an optimal environment for salmonid spawning. However, the sites are changing and showing signs of an eventual return to pre-restoration conditions. The longevity of restoration projects is still unclear, but four years after augmentation the oldest site examined had the highest number of spawning salmonids seen at the site since the addition of gravel. Further monitoring is necessary to establish the duration of habitat improvement. Furthermore, usage of the sites by spawning salmonids is highly variable. To understand why salmon are choosing one site over another, it is important to continue monitoring sites and identify variables that predict fish use or good habitat.

Book Salmonid Spawning Habitat in Rivers

Download or read book Salmonid Spawning Habitat in Rivers written by David A. Sear and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Proceedings of the Symposium 'Physical Factors Affecting Salmon Spawning and Egg Survival to Emergence: Integrating Science and Remediation Management' Held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, August 13-14, 2003."

Book A Stream Systems Evaluation

Download or read book A Stream Systems Evaluation written by Mostafa A. Shirazi and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Evaluation of Salmonid Spawning Habitat Created in Outlet Streams of High Lakes   Evaluation of Joe Wright Spawning Channel

Download or read book Evaluation of Salmonid Spawning Habitat Created in Outlet Streams of High Lakes Evaluation of Joe Wright Spawning Channel written by Rodney C. Van Velson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Managing the Columbia River

    Book Details:
  • Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Water Resources Management, Instream Flows, and Salmon Survival in the Columbia River Basin
  • Publisher : National Academy Press
  • Release : 2004
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 274 pages

Download or read book Managing the Columbia River written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Water Resources Management, Instream Flows, and Salmon Survival in the Columbia River Basin and published by National Academy Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Book Geologic Assessment of a Salmonid Spawning Habitat on the Feather River  Oroville  California

Download or read book Geologic Assessment of a Salmonid Spawning Habitat on the Feather River Oroville California written by Jay Edward Heffernan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic processes have altered the natural state of the Feather River creating unsuitable habitat for spawning salmonids. These processes have restricted the natural flow of the river resulting in an armored river bed. The goal of this study is to identify areas to reduce armoring and enhance salmonid spawning habitat. This study is sponsored by the California Department of Water Resources and will be conducted for a period of 4 years starting in the Fall of 2011. Three riffle complexes on the Feather River were studied to evaluate the condition of the salmonid spawning habitat prior to restoration. The sites were analyzed for grain size utilizing Wolman pebble counts and bulk samples. Piezometers were installed throughout each riffle complex to measure hyporheic conditions such as dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, and turbidity. Surface water depth, velocity, and direction of flow measurements were made using a Marsh/McBirney current meter affixed to a topset wading rod. Gravel permeability was tested using Barnard-McBain standpipe tests and upwelling was measured using a bubble manometer board and in-river baffle. The three restoration sites currently have poor salmonid spawning habitat. The gravels at the sites are too large for the salmonids to manipulate and low hydraulic conductivity was prevalent through the sites. Low dissolved oxygen was also present at the proposed restoration sites. The restoration sites lacked significant gravel bars or geomorphic structures. The sites need improvement with the installation of transverse bars, riffles, and the addition of smaller size grains. This will reduce armoring and increase hyporheic flow.

Book Atlantic Salmon in Maine

Download or read book Atlantic Salmon in Maine written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the pervasive and substantial decline of Atlantic salmon populations in Maine over the past 150 years, and because they are close to extinction, a comprehensive statewide action should be taken now to ensure their survival. The populations of Atlantic salmon have declined drastically, from an estimated half million adult salmon returning to U.S. rivers each year in the early 1800s to perhaps as few as 1,000 in 2001. The report recommends implementing a formalized decision-making approach to establish priorities, evaluate options and coordinate plans for conserving and restoring the salmon.

Book Spawning Habitat Studies of Hanford Reach Fall Chinook Salmon  Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha   Final Report

Download or read book Spawning Habitat Studies of Hanford Reach Fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory conducted this study for the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) with funding provided through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council(a) and the BPA Fish and Wildlife Program. The study was conducted in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. The goal of study was to determine the physical habitat factors necessary to define the redd capacity of fall Chinook salmon that spawn in large mainstem rivers like the Hanford Reach and Snake River. The study was originally commissioned in FY 1994 and then recommissioned in FY 2000 through the Fish and Wildlife Program rolling review of the Columbia River Basin projects. The work described in this report covers the period from 1994 through 2004; however, the majority of the information comes from the last four years of the study (2000 through 2004). Results from the work conducted from 1994 to 2000 were covered in an earlier report. More than any other stock of Pacific salmon, fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have suffered severe impacts from the hydroelectric development in the Columbia River Basin. Fall Chinook salmon rely heavily on mainstem habitats for all phases of their life cycle, and mainstem hydroelectric dams have inundated or blocked areas that were historically used for spawning and rearing. The natural flow pattern that existed in the historic period has been altered by the dams, which in turn have affected the physical and biological template upon which fall Chinook salmon depend upon for successful reproduction. Operation of the dams to produce power to meet short-term needs in electricity (termed power peaking) produces unnatural fluctuations in flow over a 24-hour cycle. These flow fluctuations alter the physical habitat and disrupt the cues that salmon use to select spawning sites, as well as strand fish in near-shore habitat that becomes dewatered. The quality of spawning gravels has been affected by dam construction, flood protection, and agricultural and industrial development. In some cases, the riverbed is armored such that it is more difficult for spawners to move, while in other cases the intrusion of fine sediment into spawning gravels has reduced water flow to sensitive eggs and young fry. Recovery of fall Chinook salmon populations may involve habitat restoration through such actions as dam removal and reservoir drawdown. In addition, habitat protection will be accomplished through set-asides of existing high-quality habitat. A key component to evaluating these actions is quantifying the salmon spawning habitat potential of a given river reach so that realistic recovery goals for salmon abundance can be developed. Quantifying salmon spawning habitat potential requires an understanding of the spawning behavior of Chinook salmon, as well as an understanding of the physical habitat where these fish spawn. Increasingly, fish biologists are recognizing that assessing the physical habitat of riverine systems where salmon spawn goes beyond measuring microhabitat like water depth, velocity, and substrate size. Geomorphic features of the river measured over a range of spatial scales set up the physical template upon which the microhabitat develops, and successful assessments of spawning habitat potential incorporate these geomorphic features. We had three primary objectives for this study. The first objective was to determine the relationship between physical habitats at different spatial scales and fall Chinook salmon spawning locations. The second objective was to estimate the fall Chinook salmon redd capacity for the Reach. The third objective was to suggest a protocol for determining preferable spawning reaches of fall Chinook salmon. To ensure that we collected physical data within habitat that was representative of the full range of potential spawning habitat, the study area was stratified based on geomorphic features of the river using a two-dimensional river channel index that classified the river cross section into one of four shapes based on channel symmetry, depth, and width. We found that this river channel classification system was a good predictor at the scale of a river reach ((almost equal to)1 km) of where fall Chinook salmon would spawn. Using this two-dimensional river channel index, we selected study areas that were representative of the geomorphic classes. A total of nine study sites distributed throughout the middle 27 km of the Reach (study area) were investigated. Four of the study sites were located between river kilometer 575 and 580 in a section of the river where fall Chinook salmon have not spawned since aerial surveys were initiated in the 1940s; four sites were located in the spawning reach (river kilometer [rkm] 590 to 603); and one site was located upstream of the spawning reach (rkm 605).