Download or read book Russia s Role as an Arms Exporter written by Richard Connolly and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia is the world's second-largest arms exporter after the US, and is seeking to strengthen its position in new markets. Arms exports play an important role in Russia's economy, accounting for a large proportion of manufactured and technology-intensive exports. This makes the armaments industry one of the leading sectors through which Russia is integrated with the global economy. Russia's arms industry has benefited from the rapid growth in domestic defence procurement since 2011. However, it is not clear whether the government's import-substitution plan will offset the reduced access to components of weapons systems caused by the sanctions imposed in the aftermath of the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014. This could lead to shortages that impede production and, hence, export prospects. There are also broader weaknesses within the Russian defence industry that hamper innovation and could impair the ability of Russian firms to remain competitive in global markets. These include ageing physical capital, an ageing R & D workforce, and weak linkages between higher education and defence-industrial firms.
Download or read book Russia and the Arms Trade written by Ian Anthony and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this study, a group of Russian authors were commissioned to describe and assess the arms trade policies and practices of Russia under new domestic and international conditions. The contributors, drawn from the government, industry, and academic communities, offer a wide range of reports on the political, military, economic, and industrial implications of Russian arms transfers, as well as specific case studies of key bilateral arms transfer relationships.
Download or read book Russian Arms Sales in the Age of Putin For Politics Or Profit Comprehensive Survey of Weapons Exports to China India Middle East Uae Egypt Iraq written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-16 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International arms sales are a useful tool in executing a country's economic and foreign policy strategy. As such, investigating the drivers behind these exports discloses a state's priorities. Since Vladimir Putin came to power, Russian arms sales have steadily increased in several geographic areas while Russo-American relations have gradually deteriorated. Therefore, as Putin seeks to foster global multi-polarity in order to challenge the American-dominated geopolitical world order, how is Russia conducting international arms sales and for what reasons? This thesis investigates Russian arms sales to China, India, and the Middle East in order to determine Putin's motives behind his export agenda. It focuses on analyzing the potential relationships of two main hypotheses: domestic economic factors and international political factors. This thesis argues that while Russian arms sales generated many domestic economic benefits, especially in the early years of Putin's presidency, international political factors provided the greater impetus behind Russia's export of military hardware. Specifically, Putin used arms sales to secure both influence and leverage with selected partners with the intent of developing a polycentric world, balancing the United States, and improving Russia's reputation as a great power. In conclusion, although Putin has achieved some gains from using arms exports as a foreign policy tool, the long-term benefits of his overall strategy are minimal. This thesis uses comparative case studies of three geopolitical regions as its backbone. East Asia, due to its geopolitical significance to the Russian Federation, is the initial region this study analyzes with China serving as the first case study. Russia shares a sizeable border with China, specifically the second longest border between Russia and any other country and the sixth longest border between any two countries in the world. Besides the tumultuous period during the Sino-Soviet Split of the 1960s, Russia and China have been strategic allies since the Chinese Communist Party's victory over the Nationalist Party in 1949, especially after the fall of the Soviet Union. China's rise as a regional power directly supports Putin's desire for polycentrism, otherwise understood as his belief in the "decline of the West and the rise of the rest." Given the recent economic sanctions and political hostilities between Russia and the West, China also serves as a natural geopolitical ally and economic outlet for Russian political and monetary capital. South Asia is also an important area in which to test hypotheses behind Russian foreign military sales. In this region, India is Russia's leading partner. Similar to China, India has been a long-time ally of both the Soviet Union and Russian Federation and is a part of the BRICS penta-state association (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). More important to the context of this thesis, India has been the biggest importer of Russian arms since the fall of the USSR. India is also involved in a continual dispute with its neighbor Pakistan over the Kashmir and Jammu region. Such turmoil ensures that India will desire to maintain a capable and technologically advanced military. India's need to balance the growing Chinese influence in the region also requires the deterrence factor of a robust and advanced military. Therefore, it serves as another market open to Russian military sales. The Middle East provides the third and final case study of this thesis.
Download or read book Seller s Remorse written by Max Bergmann and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia’s role as a major global arms supplier is under threat. This report analyzes how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the concomitant Western sanctions have affected its status as one of the top suppliers in the global arms trade. The Russian arms export industry has been declining in its international competitiveness since the early 2010s due to previous packages of Western sanctions aimed at deterring third countries from purchasing Russian weapons, as well as the efforts by China and India to strengthen their domestic arms production. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the subsequent sanctions have aggravated these issues by straining Russia’s defense production capacity, negatively affecting the reputation of Russian arms, and complicating payment options for the Kremlin’s existing customers. Russia is struggling to meet its arms sales commitment to its partners, calling into question its reliability. While Moscow still retains its competitiveness in areas such as missile and air defense systems, aircraft, armored vehicles, naval systems, and engines, recent trends suggest that Russian arms exports in virtually all of these major weapons categories will decline. However, Moscow will likely continue to maintain its strong position in the lower-cost market, as Russian systems remain widely used, relatively reliable, and not cost prohibitive. While those deliveries will likely have little monetary value and thus limited ability to insulate Russia’s declining arms export industry, they will continue to bring diplomatic benefits to the Kremlin, particularly in Africa.
Download or read book Russia in the World Arms Trade written by Andrew J. Pierre and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight prominent Russian experts contribute to this unique Russian-American analysis of the state of Russia's arms industry and national export controls, as well as the strategic implications of Russian arms sales to China and clients in the Middle East. Since the early 1990s, Russia's once colossal defense-industrial complex has been in upheaval. Parts of the arms industry have collapsed, and hopes for conversion from military to civilian production have proven largely illusory. An aggressive arms-sales policy--seen as a panacea--has also met with mixed results. At the same time, turmoil in domestic politics and in the reform process has limited and slowed much-needed changes in the industry's organization, operations, decisionmaking, and controls over the export of arms and sensitive technologies. The authors examine these and other issues posed by Russia's participation in the world arms trade, weigh the chances of Russian-American discord over arms exports to rogue states as well as the possibilities for arms cooperation; discuss the prospects for Russia's expanded participation in multilateral arms restraint and international norm-setting, and offer policy proposals. The book evolved from discussions of the Russian-American working group on conventional arms proliferation convened by the co-editors at the Carnegie Endowment's Moscow Center.
Download or read book Phoenix from the Ashes written by Cameron Scott Mitchell and published by ANU E Press. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued existence of the Russian defence and arms industry (OPK) was called into question following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. Industry experts cited the lack of a domestic market, endemic corruption, and excess capacity within the industry as factors underpinning its predicted demise. However, the industry’s export customers in China, India and Iran during those early years became the OPK’s saving grace. Their orders introduced hard currency back into the industry and went a long way to preventing the forecasted OPK collapse. Although pessimistic predictions continued to plague the OPK throughout the 1990s, the valuable export dollars provided the OPK the breathing space it needed to claw back its competitive advantage as an arms producer. That revival has been further underpinned by a new political commitment, various research and development initiatives, and the restoration of defence industry as a tool of Russian foreign policy. The short-term future of the Russian OPK looks promising. The rising domestic defence order is beginning to challenge the export market as the OPK’s most important customer. Meanwhile, exports will be safeguarded by continued foreign demand for niche Russian defence products. Although the long-term future of the OPK is more difficult to predict, Russia’s solid research and development foundation and successful international joint military ventures suggest that the current thriving trend in exports is likely to continue. Russia represents the next generation of affordable and rugged military equipment for the arsenals of the developing world. Coupled with Russia’s growing ability to rearm itself through higher oil prices and a more streamlined defence industry, the future of the OPK looks bright.
Download or read book The International Arms Trade written by Rachel Stohl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multi-billion dollar business of the international conventional arms trade involves virtually every country in the world. Around the globe, people's lives are being irrevocably changed by the effects of guns, tanks, and missiles. These weapons have the potential to cause a deadly and current threat - one responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths a year. This succinct and accessible new book explores the complexities and realities of the global conventional weapons trade. The first book on the subject in nearly a decade, The International Arms Trade provides an engaging introduction to the trade, the effects, and the consequences of these weapons. The authors trace the history of the arms trade and examine how it has evolved since the end of the Cold War. In particular, they assess the role of the largest arms exporters and importers, the business of selling conventional arms around the world, and shed new light on the illicit arms trade and the shadowy dealers who profit from their deadly commerce. The book also looks closely at the devastating effect the business can have on countries, societies, and individuals and concludes with an evaluation of the various existing control strategies and the potential for future control opportunities. The International Arms Trade will be invaluable for students and scholars of international relations and security studies, and for policymakers and anyone interested in understanding more about the conventional arms trade.
Download or read book Russian arms transfers to East Asia in the 1990s written by Александр Анатольевич Сергунин and published by SIPRI Research Reports. This book was released on 1999 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer of arms and military technology is one of the main instruments of Russia's security strategy in East Asia. This research report documents Russia's arms exports to these countries and examines the motivations behind its policies and decisions.
Download or read book Russia in the Global Arms Market written by Sergey Denisentsev and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To say that Russia is a major player in the global defense market is to make a substantial understatement. Various estimates are available on the size of Russian arms exports --but all leading market monitors agree that Russia is currently the world's second-largest arms supplier after the United States. Arms exports are important to Russia not just economically, but also politically and militarily. Leaving aside the question of whether they are effective to these goals, Russia sees arms exports as a tool of influence and as a mark of prestige. Not surprisingly, then, the rapid growth of Russian defense exports in the 2000s has been highlighted as a major achievement of the Putin era by state-owned and pro-government Russian media. Until recently, this upbeat pictures was backed by the numbers. For example, Russian arms exports indeed skyrocketed by 440 percent, from $3.4 billion in 1999 (when Vladimir Putin became acting prime minister) to a peak of $15.7 billion in 2013. In recent years, however, that growth first slowed, and then stalled completely. This paper explains why arms exports grew so rapidly in the 2000s and early 2010s and why they are now stagnating. In doing this, it provides an overview of the current dynamics of Russian arms exports and offers an outlook for the coming years.
Download or read book Russian Foreign Policy written by Olga Oliker and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Russia's economy has grown, so have the country's global involvement and influence, which often take forms that the United States neither expects nor likes. The authors assess Russia's strategic interests and goals, examining the country's domestic policies, economic development, security goals, and worldview. They assess implications for U.S. interests and present ways that Washington could work to improve its relations with Moscow.
Download or read book Rosoboroneksport Arms Sales and the Structure of Russian Defense Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In August 2006, the U.S. Government imposed sanctions on Russian arms sellers and producers, Rosoboroneksport, Russia's main arms-selling agency, and Sukhoi, which manufactures aircraft, because of their arms sales to Iran. Although Russian observers believe that Washington did so because of these firms arms sales to Venezuela, these sales to such dangerous states oblige us to analyze the Russian defense export program and the structure of its defense industry. Until now, that industry would have collapsed without arms sales. Arms sales thus have become the main source of its revenue until the present and will play a key role in Russia's ongoing attempt to regenerate its armed forces while winning friends and influence abroad. Unfortunately, Russia appears to be aiming to win friends and influence strictly among anti-American states and cement an alliance or coalition among them. Moreover, Russi' s program of weapons exports reveals the inner workings of its defense industry and the relationship between state and society that is a fundamental driver of its foreign and defense policies. Since 1991, when the Russian Federation came into being, there have been few, if any, attempts to look at this sector of the economy and its relationship to the state, but the patterns revealed here are of the utmost importance for anyone wishing to come to terms with current Russian foreign and defense policies. For this reason, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is pleased to present this monograph on a salient issue in international security.
Download or read book The Arms Production Dilemma written by Randall Forsberg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies show how military strategy, planned forces, and the age of systems in the current inventory affect the domestic demand for new production; how the recent drop in domestic demand affects arms industries; and the extent to which governments and firms in the arms-producing nations are turning to exports to sustain the industries. In the shrinking arms market of the post-Cold War era, countries with advanced arms industries face difficult choices concerning force size, arms production, arms export, and defense industrial capacity. This book explores the links among these issues through a detailed study of the combat aircraft industries in the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden--the seven countries that develop, produce, and export all of the world's technologically advanced weapon systems. The studies show how military strategy, planned forces, and the age of systems in the current inventory affect the domestic demand for new production; how the recent drop in domestic demand affects arms industries; and the extent to which governments and firms in the arms-producing nations are turning to exports to sustain the industries. Stunning changes in Russia's combat aircraft forces, industry, and strategy are detailed here for the first time, as are expected future Russian combat aircraft exports to China. Newly compiled data also show that in the United States and Russia and globally, arms production for export will exceed production for domestic use for the first time in history, starting in 1995. Arms production is thus increasingly dominated by commercial rather than security interests. Ultimately at issue is whether governments will exploit the opportunity offered by the dramatic post-Cold War contraction of the world arms market to reduce their armed forces and constrain international arms trade while shrinking the arms industry--or keep pushing arms exports that generate new threats and justify larger armed forces, more arms production, and bigger arms industries.
Download or read book Conventional Arms Export Policy of the Russian Federation written by Jacob P. Wilkins and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the late 1980's the Soviet Union embarked on a major revision of its arms export policy. Grant aid recipients gradually disappeared from delivery ledgers while Moscow pursued inroads into high profit, traditionally Western-dominated markets. The newly founded Russian Federation completed this reorientation, and announced in January 1992 that future contracts would be paid in hard currency. It was expected that sales revenues would be sufficient to both finance the conversion of Russia's immense arms industry to commercial production, and help alleviate the domestic hardships caused by President Yeltsin's sweeping economic reforms. These plans were frustrated by early failures in Yeltsin's conversion programs, the poor performance of Russian arms when competing with Western technology, and the unexpectedly severe domestic impact of reform. In a succession of policy changes Moscow has attempted to revitalize its arms trade. Barter has returned as an acceptable medium of payment, and Russia has acquiesced to the building of major arms plants abroad. More crucial to U.S. interests, export controls have been loosened considerably. Today Russian-produced weapons are sold by factory and design bureau representatives, various government agencies, the military and even international marketers. Profit has supplanted politics as the primary sales determinant, opening the door to outcast regimes in Iran and China. Moreover, export restrictions on many weapons types have been abandoned; high tech, offensively capable arms now dominate Russian sales. Unchecked, this escalating trend promises to surpass the proliferation seen during the high water mark of Soviet internationalism.
Download or read book Impact of the U S and Allied Sanction Regimes on Russian Arms Sales written by John Parachini and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the authors examine Russian arms exports and the impact of sanctions designed to discourage third country purchases and raise the cost of future Russian malign interference in other nation-states. The authors draw from publicly available information compiled in a database to illustrate when U.S. diplomatic engagement or the prospect of U.S. sanctions has led third countries to reconsider importing Russian weapons. The data set used for this report contains 65 cases in 33 countries of Russian arms export negotiations and sales, beginning in July 2017 and ending in May 2021; these cases illustrate that, as U.S. officials acknowledge, the monetary value of lost Russian arms sales due to U.S. diplomatic efforts buttressed by the prospect of third-party sanctions is difficult to determine with precision. However, there are several examples of countries that clearly entertained purchasing Russian weapons and then, because of the chilling effect of possible sanctions, demurred and opted not to do so. Analysis of these cases indicates that diplomatic outreach to arms-buying countries will likely be most effective when it acknowledges the legacy of Russian arms exports; the desire to assert independence from Russia and/or the United States; and the availability of suitable, competitively priced alternatives to meet buyers' security needs. To better meet the objectives of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA), the United States must ensure that foreign officials and publics receive a narrative focused mainly on the harm caused by Russian malign behavior rather than the threat of U.S. sanctions.
Download or read book Rosoboroneksport written by Stephen Blank and published by Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College. This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Roots Running Deep written by Raymond G. Millero (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Reminiscent of the Soviet era, military arms exports have once again become a major instrument for projecting Russian power and influence, and are integral in bolstering a fragile economy and offsetting the damages caused by Western sanctions. Russia’s involvement in the Syrian War on behalf of Bashar Al-Assad indicates a growing primacy of Putin’s willingness to take calculated risks within the Russian sphere of influence and to use military exports as a political tool to achieve national security interests. In Syria, Russia utilized its military exports to enhance its image as a world power, maintain access, and counter Western influence in the Middle East. In addition to sending advanced weaponry to Syria, Russia showcased its military hardware against Western made weapons, sending a clear signal of Russian reliability and sophistication to nations wanting to upgrade, purchase or diversify their military inventory. The state owned and controlled Russian defense industry remains a fundamental instrument of national power and supports the achievement of Putin’s national security goals. Military sales represents an important aspect to understanding the potential for future Russian adventurism. Hence, future Russian military expansion in what it considers its sphere of influence, with Putin’s goal to reemerge as a great power, can be anticipated through looking at Russia’s defense export sales. The inextricable link between foreign military sales and the achievement of Russia’s national security interests is an important aspect in avoiding the next strategic surprise. This paper argues that Russia has returned to a pseudo-Soviet style practice of utilizing arms sales as a political instrument to further its national security objectives. Moreover, this paper argues part of Russia's decision to commit forces into Syria was to showcase their military hardware to the world, thereby renewing interest in purchasing arms. This, in turn, provided Russia additional opportunities to expand their influence and counter the West. Finally, this paper argues there is an inextricable link between foreign military sales and the potential for future Russian adventurism. Understanding this link is an important aspect to avoid strategic surprise the next time Russia commits military forces in its self-proclaimed sphere of influence"--Pages iii-iv.
Download or read book Dangerous Trade written by Jennifer Erickson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations's groundbreaking Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which went into effect in 2014, sets legally binding standards to regulate global arms exports and reflects the growing concerns toward the significant role that small and major conventional arms play in perpetuating human rights violations, conflict, and societal instability worldwide. Many countries that once staunchly opposed shared export controls and their perceived threat to political and economic autonomy are now beginning to embrace numerous agreements, such as the ATT and the EU Code of Conduct. Jennifer L. Erickson explores the reasons top arms-exporting democracies have put aside past sovereignty, security, and economic worries in favor of humanitarian arms transfer controls, and she follows the early effects of this about-face on export practice. She begins with a brief history of failed arms export control initiatives and then tracks arms transfer trends over time. Pinpointing the normative shifts in the 1990s that put humanitarian arms control on the table, she reveals that these states committed to these policies out of concern for their international reputations. She also highlights how arms trade scandals threaten domestic reputations and thus help improve compliance. Using statistical data and interviews conducted in France, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Erickson challenges existing IR theories of state behavior while providing insight into the role of reputation as a social mechanism and the importance of government transparency and accountability in generating compliance with new norms and rules.
