Download or read book Roles of Fc Receptors in Disease and Therapy written by Latha P. Ganesan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fc Receptors written by Marc Daeron and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state-of-the-art update on Fc Receptors (FcRs). It is divided into five parts. Part I, Old and New FcRs, deals with the long-sought-after FcμR and the recently discovered FCRL family and TRIM21. Part II, FcR Signaling, presents a computational model of FcεRI signaling, novel calcium channels, and the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Part III, FcR Biology, addresses major physiological functions of FcRs, their glycosylation, how they induce and regulate both adaptive immune responses and inflammation, especially in vivo, FcR humanized mice, and the multifaceted properties of FcRn. Part IV, FcRs and Disease, discusses FcR polymorphism, FcRs in rheumatoid arthritis and whether their FcRs make macaques good models for studying HIV infection. In Part V, FcRs and Therapeutic Antibodies, the roles of various FcRs, including FcγRIIB and FcαRI, in the immunotherapy of cancer and autoimmune diseases using monoclonal antibodies and IVIg are highlighted. All 18 chapters were written by respected experts in their fields, offering an invaluable reference source for scientists and clinicians interested in FcRs and how to better master antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Antibody Activity written by Falk Nimmerjahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the function of antibodies in vivo. Recent years have seen an exponential growth in knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of antibody activity. These new results dramatically changed our view of how antibodies function in vivo. The importance of this class of molecules is demonstrated by the heightened susceptibility to infections of humans and mice with an altered capacity to generate pathogen specific antibody responses. Thus, the majority of our currently available vaccines, such as vaccines against influenza, measles and hepatitis focus on the generation of long lasting antibody responses. Recent evidence from a variety of in vivo model systems and from human patient cohorts has highlighted the exclusive role of cellular Fc-receptors for certain immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses. With the recent discovery of a human Fc-receptor for IgM all different human immunoglobulin isotypes now have a cellular receptor, providing a feedback mechanism and link between antibodies and the cellular components of the immune system. Moreover it has become clear the complement and Fc-receptor system are tightly connected and regulate each other to ensure a well balanced immune response. Among the immunoglobulin isotypes IgG plays a very important protective role against microbial infections and also as a therapeutic agent to kill tumor cells or autoantibody producing B cells in autoimmune disease. Transfer of our knowledge about the crucial function of Fc-receptors has led to the production of a second generation of therapeutic antibodies with enhanced binding to this class of receptors. Binding of antibodies to Fc-receptors leads to the recruitment of the potent pro-inflammatory effector functions of cells from the innate immune system. Hence, Fc-receptors link the innate and adaptive immune system, emphasizing the importance of both arms of the immune system and their crosstalk during anti-microbial immune responses. Besides this pro-inflammatory activity immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are long known to also have an anti-inflammatory function. This is demonstrated by the use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic agent in many human autoimmune diseases. During the past five years several new insights into the molecular and cellular pathways of this anti-inflammatory activity were gained radically changing our view of IgG function in vivo. Several lines of evidence suggest that the sugar moiety attached to the IgG molecule is responsible for these opposing activities and may be seen as a molecular switch enabling the immune system to change IgG function from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory activity. There is convincing evidence in mice and humans that aberrant IgG glycosylation could be an important new pathway for understanding the impaired antibody activity during autoimmune disease. Besides this tremendous increase in basic knowledge about factors influencing immunoglobulin activity the book will also provide insights into how these new insights might help to generate novel therapeutic approaches to enhance IgG activity for tumor therapy on the one hand, and how to block the self-destructive activity of IgG autoantibodies during autoimmune disease on the other hand.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Margaret Ackerman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. - Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro - Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies - Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Robert M. Anthony and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IgG antibodies are highly potent molecules, with the unique ability to link foreign particles to innate immune cells. IgG antibodies recognize antigens with high affinity and bind cellular Fc receptors with low affinity individually. These interactions occur in the form of immune complexes, resulting in high-avidity interactions. In fact, the effector functions triggered by IgG antibodies are highly dependent on the type of Fc receptor that is bound; however, many aspects can influence Fc receptor binding by IgG antibodies, including the IgG isotype and the composition of the glycan on the IgG antibody. Further, FcγR expression is not stagnant but instead is affected by the inflammatory milieu. These considerations, and others that affect targeting of IgG Fcs to specific FcγRs to elicit desired effector functions, are discussed herein.
Download or read book FC Receptors and Their Antibodies Role in Disease and Immunotherapy written by Remy Nelson and published by Foster Academics. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fc receptor is a protein which is present on the surface of cells such as macrophages, B lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils and human platelets. Fc receptors allow the cells to connect with antibodies which are attached to the microbe's surface, and help the cells in identifying and eliminating the pathogens. Antibodies (Ab) protect against infectious agents by binding to pathogens and preventing their entry into target cells. They also facilitate the recruitment of Fc-receptor bearing cells that can eliminate pathogens or infected cells by mediating phagocytosis or cytotoxic activity known as Fc-mediated functions. Antibodies can be classified as neutralizing (nAb) antibodies and non-neutralizing (non-nAb) antibodies. Neutralizing (nAb) antibodies can mediate both functions and non-neutralizing (non-nAb) antibodies are limited to Fc-mediated functions. Non-nAb plays an important role in providing protection against a variety of viral infections, including smallpox, sindbis, yellow fever, ebola, and influenza. It also provides protection from non-viral infections such as tuberculosis and malaria. This book provides comprehensive insights on Fc receptors and their antibodies, as well as their role in disease and immunotherapy. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.
Download or read book Fc Mediated Activity of Antibodies written by Jeffrey V. Ravetch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores several aspects of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo, ranging from cancer immunotherapy to autoimmunity, infection, and vaccination. Divided into seven chapters, it provides in-depth insights into how antibodies and especially the antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain modulate immune responses and antibody activity. The book begins by discussing evolutionary aspects of how the family of Fc receptors that are the key molecules for antibody activity evolved. In turn, it addresses the molecular and cellular pathways underlying IgG activity in cancer immunotherapy, and focuses on how IgG glycosylation regulates IgG and IgE activity in autoimmunity, allergy and infection. In closing, it presents strategies for developing novel antibody-based vaccination approaches. The book is intended for a very broad readership, including graduate students, postdocs and principal investigators with a basic grasp of immunology.
Download or read book Structures and Functions of Low Affinity Fc Receptors written by Wolf H. Fridman and published by S Karger Ag. This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Function of Fc Receptors written by Arnold Froese and published by New York : M. Dekker. This book was released on 1983 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structures and Functions of Low Affinity Fc Receptors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antibody Glycosylation written by Marija Pezer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent advances in antibody glycosylation research. Covering major topics relevant for immunoglobulin glycosylation - analytical methods, biosynthesis and regulation, modulation of effector functions - it provides new perspectives for research and development in the field of therapeutic antibodies, biomarkers, vaccinations, and immunotherapy. Glycans attached to both variable and constant regions of antibodies are known to affect the antibody conformation, stability, and effector functions. Although it focuses on immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most explored antibody in this context, and unravels the natural phenomena resulting from the mixture of IgG glycovariants present in the human body, the book also discusses other classes of human immunoglobulins, as well as immunoglobulins produced in other species and production systems. Further, it reviews the glycoanalytical methods applied to antibodies and addresses a range of less commonly explored topics, such as automatization and bioinformatics aspects of high-throughput antibody glycosylation analysis. Lastly, the book highlights application areas ranging from the ones already benefitting from antibody glycoengineering (such as monoclonal antibody production), to those still in the research stages (such as exploration of antibody glycosylation as a clinical or biological age biomarker), and the potential use of antibody glycosylation in the optimization of vaccine production and immunization protocols. Summarizing the current knowledge on the broad topic of antibody glycosylation and its therapeutic and biomarker potential, this book will appeal to a wide biomedical readership in academia and industry alike. Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book The Immune Response written by Tak W. Mak and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2005-11-11 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immune Response is a unique reference work covering the basic and clinical principles of immunology in a modern and comprehensive fashion. Written in an engaging conversational style, the book conveys the broad scope and fascinating appeal of immunology. The book is beautifully illustrated with superb figures as well as many full color plates. This extraordinary work will be an invaluable resource for lecturers and graduate students in immunology, as well as a vital reference for research scientists and clinicians studying related areas in the life and medical sciences. - Current and thorough 30 chapter reference reviewed by luminaries in the field - Unique 'single voice' ensures consistency of definitions and concepts - Comprehensive and elegant illustrations bring key concepts to life - Provides historical context to allow fuller understanding of key issues - Introductory chapters 1-4 serve as an 'Immunology Primer' before topics are discussed in more detail
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics.
Download or read book Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine written by Christopher D. Hillyer and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-10-18 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the discovery of blood types early in the last century, transfusion medicine has evolved at a breakneck pace. This second edition of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine is exactly what you need to keep up. It combines scientific foundations with today's most practical approaches to the specialty. From blood collection and storage to testing and transfusing blood components, and finally cellular engineering, you'll find coverage here that's second to none. New advances in molecular genetics and the scientific mechanisms underlying the field are also covered, with an emphasis on the clinical implications for treatment. Whether you're new to the field or an old pro, this book belongs in your reference library. Integrates scientific foundations with clinical relevance to more clearly explain the science and its application to clinical practice. Highlights advances in the use of blood products and new methods of disease treatment while providing the most up-to-date information on these fast-moving topics Discusses current clinical controversies, providing an arena for the discussion of sensitive topics. Covers the constantly changing approaches to stem cell transplantation and brings you the latest information on this controversial topic.
Download or read book Structure and Function of Antibodies written by Roy Jefferis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of all kinds of therapeutic antibodies including IgGs, IgAs, IgEs, and IgMs, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor antibodies, and antibody fragments. Details about how each of these antibodies interact with their ligands, the immune system, and their targets are provided. Additionally, this book delves into the details of antibody, Fc, and variable chain structures, and how subtle changes in structure, charge, flexibility, post-translational modification, and the ability to bind to natural antibody ligands can result in a significant impact on antibody activity and functionality. Finally, the book explains the critical quality attributes of modern therapeutic antibodies and how to ensure that antibodies entering development have the best possible chance of success.
Download or read book Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis written by Marinos C. Dalakas and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis provides extensive information regarding Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis (PM/DM), which is described as a heterogeneous disease complex. This book is divided into four sections: Part I (Clinical Features) covers the classification of PM/DM, details of the clinical presentation, and the disease's association with the other connective tissue disorders and malignancies. Part II (Etiology and Mechanisms) covers advances in the immunopathology and viral etiology of PM/DM along with a frequently recognized entity: inclusion body myositis. Part III (Diagnosis and Treatment) covers the histologic, muscle enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and resin histology features of PM/DM along with those electromyographic features that could help make a more accurate diagnosis. Part IV (Overview) summarizes the issues that may not have been clear and highlights differing and unsettled views or present available data. This text is directed to clinicians in private practice or in academic institutions concerned with PM/DM patients, including neurologists, rheumatologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, physiatrists, and neuromuscular investigators. This book is intended as well for neuromuscular pathologists who interpret muscle biopsy specimens and electromyographers who perform EMG studies to help determine the clinical diagnosis. Researchers in immunology and immunopathology of neuromuscular diseases will find discussions in this book invaluable.
Download or read book Determinants of gamma chain Mediated Fc Receptor Signaling written by Spandan Shah and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fc receptors provide an interface between humoral immunity and cellular immunity by binding to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin and mediating effector functions. Cells expressing Fc receptors play a major role in immune complex clearance via phagocytosis, leading to a context dependent pro- or anti-inflammatory environment. Signaling by multi-chain Fc receptor complexes, including Fc[gamma]RI, Fc[gamma]RIII, Fc[epsilon]RI and Fc[alpha]RI is mediated by the ITAM-containing common Fc[epsilon]RI[gamma] ([gamma]-chain) subunit. However, despite the use of a common [gamma]-chain, different Fc receptor complexes elicit specific cellular programs, suggesting additional layers of regulation of tyrosine based signaling by [alpha]-chain. We hypothesized that the unique [alpha]-chain cytoplasmic domains differentially modulate Fc receptor complex functions. In order to test our hypothesis, we established P388D1 and RBL-2H3 cell lines stably expressing either WT or Tail minus (TL) mutant Fc[gamma]RI [alpha]-chains. Data from these systems suggest that [alpha]-chain cytoplasmic domain (CY) indeed influences certain Fc receptor signaling pathways such as phagocytosis, degranulation and IL-6 production, but not others such as TNF-[alpha] and IL-1[beta] production. Furthermore, serine and threonine residues in the [gamma]-chain are reportedly phosphorylated after Fc receptor stimulation. We hypothesized that putative phosphorylation of serine/threonine sites fine-tune Fc receptor signaling, and provide the additional layer of regulation. To test this hypothesis, we stably transfected WT human [gamma]-chain or mutants carrying serine/threonine to alanine changes into RBL-2H3 cells lacking the endogenous [gamma]-chain expression. Using these cells, we observed that serine/threonine residues in the [gamma]-chain ITAM influence [gamma]-chain signaling pathways such as IL-4 production and intracellular calcium flux. Additionally, using mass spectrometry, we observed that Serine 51 in the ITAM is phosphorylated in stimulated samples. Studies with Serine 51 to Alanine and Aspartic Acid mutants suggest an inhibitory role for Serine 51 phosphorylation in [gamma]-chain signaling. Taken together, our data identified two layers of regulation of signaling by Fc receptors that utilizethe common [gamma]-chain. Identification of these regulators and, more importantly, identification of their interacting proteins, will provide attractive therapeutic targets for pharmacological interventions in Fc receptor mediated diseases.
