Download or read book Rhythm Perception and Neural Activation Differences Between Adults who Do and Do Not Stutter written by Elizabeth Ann Wieland and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stuttering is a communicative disorder that involves disruptions to fluent speech, which are characterized by frequent repetition or prolongation of syllables or words, and/or by frequent hesitations or pauses. Prior research has identified a number of hallmarks and deficits associated with stuttering, including generalized timing deficits, and reduced functional connectivity in the rhythm network previously identified to be involved in the perception of musical meter. Building on assumptions of (1) shared neurocognitive resources exist for metrical structure-building for perception and production of auditory patterns in both music and language, and (2) functional similarity exists in processes involved in predictive action-preparation from metrical structure in auditory information, it was predicted that a core deficit in stuttering involves deficiencies in integrating candidate metrical structures with sensory evidence that would support them. To test this prediction, an experiment was designed using a same/different rhythm discrimination task. Critically, half the stimuli provided greater support for the induction of a beat/meter ("simple rhythms"), whereas the other half were matched in interval types but provided less signal-based statistical support for the induction of a beat/meter ("complex rhythms"). Participants were 36 adults who do and do not stutter, and the rhythm discrimination task was done while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. For the behavioral results, statistical analyses using analysis of variance/covariance did not show any significant effects or interactions; however, a linear mixed effects model which accounted for multiple sources of variance revealed poorer performance on complex rhythm discrimination by adults who stutter compared with those that do not stutter. For the neural results, activation in the core rhythm network during the rhythm discrimination task was observed for both groups (bilateral insula, bilateral STG, bilateral SMA, and bilateral premotor area) for both simple and complex rhythms. However, adults who stutter additionally showed activation in the bilateral putamen and bilateral IFG, suggesting that one or both of these areas may perform a compensatory function in rhythm perception and predictive action-preparation. These results can be interpreted with respect to predictive coding processes in the brain supporting perception, action, and cognition, as well as recent conceptual extensions to auditory processing of music, language, and speech, which propose that linguistic perception and production are "two sides of the same coin." Specifically, it is proposed that listeners attempt to build top-down metrical representations for structured auditory sequences, and during language processing, these top-down metrical representations must be merged with representations of other structures in language to give rise to a coherent overall linguistic representation. It is proposed that a core deficit in stuttering involves deficient processes for integration of top-down metrical/prosodic structure and/or bottom-up sensory indices of dynamic sensorimotor states, toward construction of a coherent overall linguistic representation. Evidence for this proposal comes from findings that: (1) distal context rate and rhythm cues in speech influence metrical/prosodic structures heard across identical acoustic material, thereby influencing goodness-of-fit evaluations of alternative top-down candidate representations of lexico-syntax; (2) a hallmark of stuttering is anomalous white matter connectivity and reduced functional organization of rhythm networks in the brain. This study is the first to investigate non-speech rhythm perception in adults who stutter, and the findings suggest new hypotheses regarding how dynamic connections among brain structures (e.g., basal ganglia, STG) instantiate computations toward the imputation of timing and meter from acoustically variable auditory signals.
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing in Adults and Children who Stutter written by Deryk Scott Beal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of four studies investigating the hypothesis that adults and children who stutter differ from their same-age fluent peers in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying auditory speech processing. It has been consistently reported that adults who stutter demonstrate unique functional neural activation patterns during speech production, including reduced auditory activation, relative to nonstutterers. The extent to which these functional differences are accompanied by abnormal morphology of the brain in stutterers is unclear. The first study in this dissertation examined the neuroanatomical differences in speech-related cortex between adults who do and do not stutter using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analyses. Adults who stutter were found to have localized grey matter volume increases in auditory and motor speech related cortex. The second study extended this line of research to children who stutter, who were found to have localized grey matter volume decreases in motor speech related cortex. Together, these studies suggest an abnormal trajectory of regional grey matter development in motor speech cortex of people who stutter. The last two studies investigated the mechanism underlying the repeated findings of reduced auditory activation during speech in people who stutter in more detail. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate the hypothesis that people who stutter have increased speech induced suppression of early evoked auditory responses. Adults and children who stutter demonstrated typical levels of speech induced suppression relative to fluent peers. However, adults and children who stutter showed differences from peers in the timing of cortical auditory responses. Taken together, the studies demonstrate structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to auditory processing and point to the possibility that people who stutter have difficulty forming the neural representations of speech sounds necessary for fluent speech production.
Download or read book The Neural Correlates of Auditory Processing in Adults and Children who Stutter written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of four studies investigating the hypothesis that adults and children who stutter differ from their same-age fluent peers in the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying auditory speech processing. It has been consistently reported that adults who stutter demonstrate unique functional neural activation patterns during speech production, including reduced auditory activation, relative to nonstutterers. The extent to which these functional differences are accompanied by abnormal morphology of the brain in stutterers is unclear. The first study in this dissertation examined the neuroanatomical differences in speech-related cortex between adults who do and do not stutter using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry analyses. Adults who stutter were found to have localized grey matter volume increases in auditory and motor speech related cortex. The second study extended this line of research to children who stutter, who were found to have localized grey matter volume decreases in motor speech related cortex. Together, these studies suggest an abnormal trajectory of regional grey matter development in motor speech cortex of people who stutter. The last two studies investigated the mechanism underlying the repeated findings of reduced auditory activation during speech in people who stutter in more detail. Magnetoencephalography was used to investigate the hypothesis that people who stutter have increased speech induced suppression of early evoked auditory responses. Adults and children who stutter demonstrated typical levels of speech induced suppression relative to fluent peers. However, adults and children who stutter showed differences from peers in the timing of cortical auditory responses. Taken together, the studies demonstrate structural and functional abnormalities in brain regions related to auditory processing and point to the possibility that people who stutter have difficulty forming the neural representations.
Download or read book Neural Correlates of Speech Perception and Speech Production in Adults who Do and Do Not Stutter written by Tali Halag-Milo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comparison of Oral Form Perception of Adults who Stutter and Adults who Do Not Stutter as Measured by Oral Stereognosis written by Heidi Searcy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New perspectives on the role of sensory feedback in speech production written by John Houde and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book KiddyCat written by Martine Vanryckeghem and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The KiddyCAT is a companion test to the Behavior Assessment Battery designed for use with children under the age of six. It enables effective assessment of the speech-associated attitude of preschool and kindergarten children. The instructions and the test items are specifically formulated at the linguistic level of this age group.
Download or read book Rhythm Music and the Brain written by Michael Thaut and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of modern cognitive neuroscience and new tools of studying the human brain "live," music as a highly complex, temporally ordered and rule-based sensory language quickly became a fascinating topic of study. The question of "how" music moves us, stimulates our thoughts, feelings, and kinesthetic sense, and how it can reach the human experience in profound ways is now measured with the advent of modern cognitive neuroscience. The goal of Rhythm, Music and the Brain is an attempt to bring the knowledge of the arts and the sciences and review our current state of study about the brain and music, specifically rhythm. The author provides a thorough examination of the current state of research, including the biomedical applications of neurological music therapy in sensorimotor speech and cognitive rehabilitation. This book will be of interest for the lay and professional reader in the sciences and arts as well as the professionals in the fields of neuroscientific research, medicine, and rehabilitation.
Download or read book Recovery from Stuttering written by Peter Howell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to the evidence, theories, and practical issues associated with recovery from stuttering in early childhood and into adolescence. It examines evidence that stuttering is associated with a range of biological factors — such as genetics — and psychological factors — such as anxiety — and it critically assesses theoretical accounts that attempt to integrate these findings. Written so that it can be used flexibly to meet the demands of courses about stuttering, the book may be used as a text at the undergraduate or graduate level in psychology or speech-language science.
Download or read book Inner Speech written by Peter Langland-Hassan and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inner speech lies at the chaotic intersection of several difficult questions in contemporary philosophy and psychology. On the one hand, these episodes are private mental events. On the other, they resemble speech acts of the sort used in interpersonal communication. Inner speech episodes seem to constitute or express sophisticated trains of conceptual thought but, at the same time, they are motoric in nature and draw on sensorimotor mechanisms for speech production and perception more generally. By using inner speech, we seem to both regulate our bodily actions and gain a unique kind of access to our own beliefs and desires. Inner Speech: New Voices explores this familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives, bringing together contributions from leading philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists. In response to renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, these leading thinkers develop a number of important new theories, raise questions about the nature of inner speech and its cognitive functions, and debate the current controversies surrounding the 'little voice in the head.'
Download or read book Rhythms of the Brain written by G. Buzsáki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of mechanisms in the brain that allow complicated things to happen in a coordinated fashion have produced some of the most spectacular discoveries in neuroscience. This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. It takes a fresh look at the coevolution of structure and function in the mammalian brain, illustrating how self-emerged oscillatory timing is the brain's fundamental organizer of neuronal information. The small-world-like connectivity of the cerebral cortex allows for global computation on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The perpetual interactions among the multiple network oscillators keep cortical systems in a highly sensitive "metastable" state and provide energy-efficient synchronizing mechanisms via weak links. In a sequence of "cycles," György Buzsáki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing-accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge-is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.
Download or read book Neural Control of Speech written by Frank H. Guenther and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and unified account of the neural computations underlying speech production, offering a theoretical framework bridging the behavioral and the neurological literatures. In this book, Frank Guenther offers a comprehensive, unified account of the neural computations underlying speech production, with an emphasis on speech motor control rather than linguistic content. Guenther focuses on the brain mechanisms responsible for commanding the musculature of the vocal tract to produce articulations that result in an acoustic signal conveying a desired string of syllables. Guenther provides neuroanatomical and neurophysiological descriptions of the primary brain structures involved in speech production, looking particularly at the cerebral cortex and its interactions with the cerebellum and basal ganglia, using basic concepts of control theory (accompanied by nontechnical explanations) to explore the computations performed by these brain regions. Guenther offers a detailed theoretical framework to account for a broad range of both behavioral and neurological data on the production of speech. He discusses such topics as the goals of the neural controller of speech; neural mechanisms involved in producing both short and long utterances; and disorders of the speech system, including apraxia of speech and stuttering. Offering a bridge between the neurological and behavioral literatures on speech production, the book will be a valuable resource for researchers in both fields.
Download or read book The Nature of Stuttering written by Charles Van Riper and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stuttering Research and Practice written by Nan Bernstein Ratner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-02 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current approaches to treating stuttering do not reflect the new understanding of its nature which has emerged from recent studies. This book brings together speech scientists and clinicians to discuss the best ways to close the perceived gap and maximize the effectiveness of treatment. Together, the chapters offer a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the complexities of stuttering and its remediation. Genetic, neuropsychological, behavioral, and often-neglected affective and cognitive factors are all considered. Preferred methodologies for empirical investigation are described, and specific examples of applied clinical research designs are provided. The book will be crucial reading for all those professionally concerned with fluency disorders and their students.
Download or read book Psychology of Music written by Diana Deutsch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.542 pages
Download or read book Mental and Neurological Public Health written by Vikram Patel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-06-07 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colin Mathers who leads the Global Burden of Disease group in WHO has confirmed that, in the 2004 GBD, 13.1% of global Daily Adjusted Life Years are attributable to mental or neurological disorders. While the proportions vary very widely from about 10% in low income countries to over 25% in high income countries, it is clear that there is a need for understanding how to address this issue. This volume aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the public health principles of mental and neurological disorders. This vast range of health conditions affects people across the life course, from developmental disabilities in childhood, to schizophrenia and substance abuse in adults, and dementia in old age. Despite this diversity, they all share many features: they are mostly mediated through brain dysfunction or abnormalities, are often chronic in course, typically benefit from multi-component interventions, and are amongst the most neglected conditions in global health. The volume will bring together chapters from the Psychiatry, Neurology, Substance Abuse and Child Development sections of the Encyclopedia of Public Health. The volume will be the first comprehensive text on a public health approach to this diverse group of health conditions and has no obvious competitor. Highlights the common features of many mental and neurological disorders Provides insights into potential "cross-over" methods of identification and treatment Includes chapters on the most frequently diagnosed mental and neurological challenges faced by public health systems
Download or read book A Handbook on Stuttering written by Oliver Bloodstein and published by Singular. This book was released on 1995 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Handbook On Stuttering was written to guide the reader to the edge of our knowledge about stuttering and, where the edge is not well defined, to point out where the footing is insecure and where we stand on solid ground. Dr. Bloodstein continues to produce a manual that is at once thorough and enjoyable to read for both the fledgling clinician and the seasoned pro.
